初中英语专题复习资料(正式稿).doc

专题复习资料（一）
名 词
天宝试验学校：谢 磊

讲前练习(全国中考题)
1. (2007 宁波，29) --- Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here?
--- No, it’s about ______ .
A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes’ walk D. 7 minute’s walk
2. (2006 昆明，32) --- What do you have for breakfast?
--- I often have ______ or ______ .
A. breads; noodles B. bread; noodles C. breads; noodle D. bread; noodle
3. (2006 山东，26) Swimming is ______ in summer.
A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun
4. (2006河南) ---What would you like to drink, girls?
---_______, please.
A. two cup of coffee  B. two cups of coffee C. two cups of coffees  D. two cup of coffees
5. (2007重庆) All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th , because it was their own holiday.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women
6．（2007湖北）--- Can I help you, sir?
--- Yes, I’d like five ______ and some carrots.
A. knife B. tomatoes C. meat D. days
7．(2006 兰州) ---How’s Joy’s skirt?
---Her skirt is more beautiful than ______ .
A. her sister’s and Kate B. her sister and Kate
C. her sister and Kate’s D. her sister’s and Kate’s
8．（2007包头）---Do you know how many ______ a horse has and how many _____ a bee has?
A. teeth; feet B. tooth; foot C. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot
9．(2005黄冈) ---Can I help you
--- I’d like ______ for my twin daughters.
A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe
C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes
10. (2007 济南) The PLA man saved three ______ lives in the accident.
A. children’s B. children C. child D. childs’

名词考点
（1） 可数名词及其单复数 （2）不可数名词 （3）专有名词 （4）所有格
一．名词的分类

名词
专有名词
Lucy, China, the Great Wall
普通名词
可数名词
个体名词
book, bike, ball, dog, desk, window, chair
集体名词
family, class, group, team, police, people
不可数
名词
物质名词
rice, water, air, porridge, wood
抽象名词
knowledge, danger, health, life, homework, love
二．可数名词的复数形式
（1）规则变化
例词: 把下列名词变为复数
归纳:构成方法
cake- day-
student- bed-
一般情况加-s
bus- watch-
box- brush-
以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词加-es
baby- city-
country- lady-
以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-es
photo- piano-
zoo- radio-
以o结尾的词多数加-s
potato- tomato-
hero-
少数加-es
leaf- half-
knife- wife-
shelf- life-
self- thief-
以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f或fe为v,再加-es

(2)不规则变化
1.常见不规则变化的名词
man- woman-
policeman- Englishwoman-
foot- tooth-
child- mouse-
2．单复数同形
five Chinese two Japanese many sheep many fish
3.只用复数的名词
眼镜 glasses 衣服 clothes 裤子pants
手套gloves 鞋 shoes 谢谢thanks
4．集体名词的数
people police
family class team
5. 复合名词的复数
an apple tree- ten __________ _________ a bird cage- three ________ _________
a man worker – five _________ ________ a woman teacher- eight __________ _________
6.有些名词既可数也不可数（补出汉语意思）
不可数 可数
orange oranges
chicken chickens
glass glasses
fish fish (单复数同形) fishes
三．不可数名词及其数
常见的不可数名词有：advice, fun, news, information, luck, weather, wood, work, homework, housework, bread, food, fruit等。
不可数名词表示“量”的方法：
1． 用much, a little, a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of, some, any等表示多少。
a lot of money, some bread, much water
2． 用a piece of等量词短语。
a piece of paper, two pieces of advice/news
a glass of water/ milk, a cup of tea, three bags of rice
四．名词所有格
（一）s所有格的构成
　　1. 表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格一般在名词后加's，其构成形式如下：
　　（1）一般单数名词后加's.如：my brother's book，Jack's cat，the girl's pen等。
　　（2）以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加“'”。如：girls’，teachers’等。
　　注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加's.如：women's clothes.
　　（3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词词尾加's，如果不是共有的，两个名词都要加's.如：
　　Tom and Peter's room汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）
　　Tom's and Peter's rooms汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）
　　（4）表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加上's代表全称。如：
　　at the doctor's = at the doctor's office在诊所
　　（5）由some-，any-，no-，every-与-one / -body结合起来的复合词和else连用时，'s应加在else后。如：somebody else's pencil.
　　2. 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾后加's或“'”来构成所有格。如：today's news，ten minutes' drive，two weeks’time等。
（二）“of +名词”所有格
　　无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：the windows of the room（房间的窗户），the cover of the dictionary（词典的封面）。
（三）双重所有格
　　1. 双重所有格的概念及用法
　　（1）表示部分概念，of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词，如：a，an，one，two，some，several，a few，many，any，no等。
　　This is a friend of my father’s. =This is one of my father’s friend.
　　这是我父亲的一个朋友。
　　（2）双重所有格与of所有格的不同。如：
　　 a photo of mine (我所拥有的照片之一，照片上不一定是我本人。)
名词性物主代词或名词所有格
a photo of me (照片上是我本人的照片之一。)
宾格或名词

讲后练习
1．（2008 河北，24）Can you imagine what life will be like in ______ time?
A. 20 years’ B. 20 year’s C. 20-years’ D. 20-years
2. (2007 重庆) --- Would you like ______ ?
--- Thank you, but I’m not thirty.
A. some sandwiches B. some moon cakes C. some bread D. some orange
3. (2008 武汉) ---Where are the ______ ?
--- They are playing _______ football on the playground.
A. boys students; the B. boy students; the C. boy student; / D. boy students; /
4. (2008 成都) My friend Dave helped me a lot by giving me ______ on English learning.
A. advices B. many advice C. some advice
5. (2007河北) ______ room is big and bright. They like it very much.
A .Tom and Sam B. Tom’s and Sam C. Tom and Sam’s D. Tom’s and Sam’s
6. (2008 重庆，25)Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite _______ .
A. worker B. teacher C. dancer D player
7. (2008 北京，28) Betty likes ______ very much. She draws pictures every day.
A. art B. music C. sport D. science
8. (2008 安徽，34) The music made me think of the ______ of a running water.
A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound
9. (2008 山东，25) British people eat ______ a lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways.
A. chicken B. beef C. fish D. potatoes
10. (2008 武汉，37) --- Bill is ill. Do you know what’s wrong with him?
--- Poor boy. His illness is the _____ of eating unhealthy food.
A. result B. cause C. reason D. end

专题复习资料（二）
代 词
重庆市田家炳中学 戴卫东 倪敏

讲前练习：
1.（2007 重庆）---Mum, I want to ask grandpa a question.
---Oh. ______ is reading a newspaper upstairs.
A. He B. Him C His D. Himself
2.（2006 重庆）---Is this your son’s sweater?
---No. ______ is on the chair behind the desk.
A. He B. Him C. She D. His
3.（2008 吉林）The two girls are your new classmates. Help______, please.
A. them B. they C. their D. theirs
4.（2007 兰州）Most people find ______ exciting to watch a football match.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
5.（2007 重庆）---Do you like the pop star Zhou Jielun or the movie sstar Liu Dehua?
---______. I’m not their fan.
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All
6.（2008 山东）My son wants a pet rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy______ for him.
A. it B. that C. the one D. one
7.（2008 宁波）I guess Tom and his sister Celia enjoyed______at the party.
A. myself B. himself C. herself D. themselves
8.（2008 宁夏）Though my answer is different from ______, I still think ______ is right.
A. their, my B. their, mine C. theirs, mine D. theirs, my
9.（2008 天津）---Is______ here?
---No, John and Bob have asked for leave.
A. nobody B anybody C. somebody D. everybody
10.（2008 哈尔滨）---Believe yourself. You are better than______. You’re the best. Wish you success!
A. anyone else B. someone else C. else anyone
11.（2008 安徽）A lot of story books are on sale, but_____ good ones.
A. any B. some C. few D. many

一. 人称代词与物主代词：
1. 人称代词与物主代词的各种形式：

单

数

主 格
宾 格
形容物代
名词物代
第一人称
I
me
my
mine
第二人称
you
you
your
yours

第三人称
he
him
his
his
she
her
her
hers
it
it
its
its
复

数
一人称
we
us
our
ours
二人称
you
you
your
yours
三人称
they
them
their
theirs
2. 人称代词与物主代词的用法：
（1） 人称代词的主格在句中作主语。He ofen goes home by bus.
（2） 人称代词的宾格在句中作动词、介词的宾语，还可作表语使用。如：
______love our country. ( We ,US )
She is a good student.
I don’t know him.
His mother is waiting for them outside.
---Who’s it ? --- It’s_______. ( I , me )
★人称代词的语序
几个人称代词并列作主语时，他们的顺序是：
单数形式 （ 2，3，1 ） you ， he and I ; 复数形式 （ 1，2，3 ） we ，you and they
(3) 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用; 名词词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提到的名词重复。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
Who is your uncle?
--- This is my dictionary. Where is________ (you r , yours )
----It’s over there, on the bed.
---Tom, is this your pen? ---Yes, it’s ______. (yours, his, mine, my)
★(4) 名词词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。如： He is a friend of mine.
二. 反身代词
1、反身代词的单复数形式列表如下：
人称 数
单数
复数
第一人称
myself 我自己
ourselves 我们自己
第二人称
yourself 你自己
yourselves 你们自己

第三人称
himself 他自己
herself 她自己
itself 它自己
他们自己
themselves 她们自己
它们自己

2、反身代词常用于一些固定搭配中。如：
teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself自学
enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴 help oneself to 随便吃
hurt oneself 受伤 by oneself 亲自
3、反身代词表示动作回到主语本身，所以它应与动作发出者保持人称一致。如：
The little boy is too young to look after _________.
I hope you can enjoy yourself / yourselves at the party.
The children made the plane _______ .
三. 指示代词
1. 指示代词列表如下：

单数
this that
复数
these those

2. 指示代词的用法
(1) this /these 近指或者指下文要提到的事，that / those 远指或者指前面刚刚提过的事。如：
Please remember this：No pain，no gains.
He was ill. That was why he didn’t go to school.
(2) 打电话时用 this 介绍自己，用that 询问对方。如
This is Mike speaking. Who is that？我是迈克。你是谁？
★（3）在表示比较的句子中，that指代单数的人或物，those指代复数的人或物；
The books on the table are newer than those in my schoolbag。
四. 疑问代词
疑问代词
主要用法
who
主语、表语、宾语（作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后）
whom
who 的宾格形式，作宾语
whose
who 的所有格形式，作主语、表语、宾语、定语
what / who

what 询问某人的职业
who 询问某人的身份 、姓名
what / which
what 指不定数目中的“哪一个，哪一些；什么”，没有一定范围的限定
which “哪一个”，在一定范围内特指的人或物

1. Who wants to go with me ？
2. _______ are you talking to ？
3. To_______ are you talking ?
4. ---What is your father ？ ---He is a worker.
5. Which do you perfer, spring or summer?
6. _______ book is this ?
7. What would you like ?
五.不定代词
1、复合不定代词
（1）初中阶段常用复合不定代词列表如下：
somebody （某人）
anybody （某人/任何人）
nobody （没有人）
everybody （每人）
someone （某人）
anyone （某人/任何人）
no one （没有人）
everyone （每人）
something （某事）
anything （某人/任何事）
nothing （没有东西）
ecerything （每一件事）

如Do you have anything special to tell me today ？
今天你有什么特别的事告诉我吗？
Listen to me boys and girls. I have something to tell you .
同学们，听我说, 我有一些事情要告诉你们。
--- Is there______ in the cup? 杯子里有东西吗? ---No, there is _______ . 没有,什么也没有。
(2) 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something ,everything , everyone等时,形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。如：
Xiaoming，I have _______ to tell you. 小明,我有一些重要的事情要告诉你
Can you find anyone else ? 你能再找一个人吗 ?
★(3) 当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everbody ，nobody ，anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语常用代词they；当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everthing ，anything ，something ，nothing等时，其反意疑问句的主语常用代词 it。如：
Everybody is here ，aren’t they ?
Everything is ready , isn’t it ?
★(4)everyone的意思等同与everbody，只能指人；every one 既可指人也可指物，还可以和of短语连用。如：
I’d like _______ to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福。
Every one likes Mary. 人人都喜欢玛丽。
I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保
2、普通不定代词
（1）初中阶段常用普通不定代词列表如下：
some any
few little
none
one
other
mny much
either neither
each every
both all

（2）普通不定代词的用法
1）some与 any
some和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词；some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时应用some 。 如：
There aren’t any students in the classroom .
Look ! Some boys are playing football .
---Would you like _______ coffee ? --- Yes , please .
2) many 与 much
many 修饰可数名词复数, 还可以与表示程度的副词so , too , as , how连用。much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词 so, too, how连用。如：
How many bottles of water do you need ？
He has too much homework to do .
There are too _______ mistakes in your exercises .
He never eats so much breakfast .
3)either, neither与both
either指两个之中的其中一个，neither指两个人或物中一个也不，常构成固定搭配either/ neither of +名词（代词）的复数+谓语动词（第三人称单数）；当either---- or 和neither---nor--，连接两个主语时，谓语动词应离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致；both表示“两者都”常与and连用。如：
Neither of the books is good .
Either you or I_______ going to America .
Neither you nor he is wrong .
Both she and I are students .
4) none与all
none指三者或三者以上中没有一个， all指三者或三者以上都，它们常与of 连用。如：
I tried several jackets, but none of them looked good.
Jim, Lucy and Lily all agree to stay here .
5) each 与every
each 和every都表示“每一个”。each强调个别，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；every强调整体情况，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可指两个以上的人或事物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。如：
There are trees on each side of the road .
Every student in Class 5 passed the exam .
Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt .
We each wear a yellow T-shirt .
(3) 几组容易混淆的不定代词：
1）it ，one ，that作代词时的区别
it特指上下文提到的同一对象是同一事物。
one泛指上下文提到的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。
★that常用与比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。如：
---Who has a pen ? I have one .
The book is mine. _______is very interesting .
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter .
2）either与any作“任何”讲时的区别
either是两者中任何一个；any是三者（及以上）中任何一个。如：
We plant trees on either side of the street .
You can choose any student to join the swimming .
3）neither与none的区别
neither是两者都不；none是三者或三者以上都不。如：
______ of you two is right .
None of the students likes the math teacher .
---Which subject do you like better, math or English ? ---Neither, I like Chinese .
4）other，the other，others，the others，another
不定代词
意义
用法说明

other

另外的
只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the，this，that，some，any，each，every，no。one，my，your，his等，则可与单数名词连用
the other
两者中的另一个
常与one连用，构成“one-----the other”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的全部”
others
泛指别的人或物
是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部）。不能作定语，可以构成some------- others结构
the others
特指其余的人或物
是the other的复数形式，特指其余的人或物
another
任何一个，另一个
指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词
He is taller than any other student in his class .
He is taller than ______ ______ in his class .
He is taller than the other students in his class .
Some students like pop music while ______ don’t in our school .
I want some other books besid