辨析形容词比较级.doc

辨析separate和divide
[2009-6-2 15:09:46]

1） separate 侧重把两个或两个以上的人、物或成分“分开”，使之隔一段距 离。
Only a narrow strait separates North America from Asia.
北美洲与亚洲之间只隔一条狭窄的海峡。
Guangzhou Road seperates Big Shilipu from Small Shilipu.
广州路隔开了大十里堡和小十里堡。
2） divide 侧重把某一整体的人或事物分成若干部分。

The largest landmass is usually divided into two “continents” along the Ural Mountains.
习惯上说，地球上最大的一块陆地是沿着乌拉尔山脉分为两大“洲”的。
He devided the cake into six pieces.
他把蛋糕分成了六份。

一、概说
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1）直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot。
2）叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。
按其结构，可分为单个形容词和复合形容词。前者由一个单词（如good, short, happy）构成，而后者则由两个以上的单词（如well-known, kind-hearted, five-year-old）构成。
二、形容词的种类
1. 品质形容词，英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质，如：
He’s the happiest man on earth. 他是地球上最快乐的人
The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。
You have an honest face.你有一张诚实的脸。
这类形容词一般都能用于比较级，如 bigger, simpler, younger.
2. 类属形容词   这类形容词表示属于哪一类，如：
These subjects reflect our daily lives. 这些题材反映我们的日常生活。
This medicine is for external use only. 此药仅供外用。
这类形容词一般都不能用于比较级。
3. 颜色形容词   有少数表示颜色的形容词，如：
His face went purple with rage. 他的脸气得发青。
She had on a blue coat.她穿了一件蓝色的外套。
Carrots are orange. 胡萝卜是 橘红色的。
这类词前面还可加light, pale, dark, deep, bright 等词，如：
light brown hair淡蓝色头发a pale green dress  淡绿色裙服
a deep blue skirt深蓝色的裙子 a dark grey suit    深灰色的套服
4. 强调形容词，有些形容词起强调作用，如：
It’s an utter mystery.  这完全是个谜。
I have perfect trust in his judgement.我绝对信任他的判断力。
5.-ing 形容词
1）有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如：
It was a tiring journey.这真是一趟累人的旅行。
This is a convincing argument.这是个有说服力的论据。
这样的形容词多由及物动词变来。有很多也是品质形容词，有时可用于最高级（如most amazing, most disappointing）。
2）还有一些形容词和不及物动词有关，如：
We hope to lessen the existing tension.我们希望缓解目前的紧张局势。
 He’s one of the greatest living composers.他是当今最伟大的作曲家之一。
这类形容词只能作定语，不能用于比较级。
3） 还有一些-ing形容词并不与动词有关，如：
neighbouring cities邻近的城市 a cunning trick狡猾的计谋
6. –ed形容词
1）大多数-ed形容词都与及物动词有关，是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容词，如：
She looked embarrassed. 他好象很尴尬。
These people are from distressed areas.这些人来自贫苦地区。
I felt depressed. 我感到很沮丧。
2） 有些-ed形容词可说是类属形容词，也由动词的过去分词变来，但不能用于比较级，如：
You have to pass the required examination to become a doctor. 你需要通过规定的考试才能成为医生。
She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。
3）有少数-ed形容词，不是由动词，而是由名词变来的：
skilled workers 技术工人 salaried class工薪阶层
a flowered headscarf  印花头巾
还有少数-ed形容词，和动词名词都没有关系：
beloved leaders 受爱戴的领导 his deceased aunt 他死去的姨
4） 有些-ed 的形容词包含有副词： a well-equipped army 一支装备精良的部队 a well-known musician 著名的音乐家
7. 合成形容词
1）形容词在英语中是比较普遍的，最常见的有：
a. 形容词+名词+ed： good-natured天性善良的
b. 副词+过去分词：low-paid 工资很低的
c. 形容词+现在分词： easy-going 好说话的
d. 副词+现在分词： low-lying 低洼的
e. 名词+现在分词：heart-breaking令人心碎的
f. 形容词+名词： present-day当代的
2）还有一些其他类型的合成形容词，如：
a two-piece suit 两件套的西服
all-out attempt 全力以赴的努力
take-home pay  扣税后的实得工资
3）还有一些三个或更多词构成的和成形容词，如：
wait-and-see policy观望政策heart-to-heart talk推心置腹的谈话
an out-of-the-way place偏僻之地an-out-of-date driving license过期驾照
三、形容词的用法和在句中的位置
1. 形容词在句中主要可用作：
1）定语：
What a fine day!多好的天气！
He is a self-made man.他是个自学成材的人。
2）表语：
The scene was horrifying.这景象很恐怖。
I am getting bored and homesick.我感到有些厌烦想家。
His comments were well-meant.他说这些都是出于好心。
3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）：
I find this hot weather very trying. 我感到这种炎热天气很难受。
Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗？
4）状语：
She was back, eager to see her friends. 她回来了，极想见她的朋友们。
She gave him the overcoat, anxious to be of service. 她把大衣拿给他，极愿为他服务。
He arrived home, hungry and tired.  他又饿又累的回到家里。
2. 形容词在句中的位置
有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词。
1）当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为：
（限定词）→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→（名词）。 用一句话来说就是“美小圆旧黄，法国木书屋”。如：
There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village.
村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。
I bought a cheap blue plastic pencil box yesterday.
昨天我买了一个便宜的蓝色塑料铅笔盒
They have got such a round brown wooden table.
他们有一张褐色的木制圆桌。
2）当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时，或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如：
The boy (who is) interested in music is my brother.
对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。
Guilin is a city (which is) famous for its scenery.
桂林是一个以风景闻名的城市。
Do you have anything interesting to tell us?
你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗？
There is nothing wrong with the machine.
这台机器没有毛病。
四、形容词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成
1）单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成
情况
构成方式
原级
比较级
最高级
一般情况
加-er或-est
new
long
newer
longer
newest
longest
以e 结尾的词
加-r或-st
fine
late
finer
later
finest

latest
以“辅音+y” 结尾的词
变y为i再加-er 或-est
early
happy
earlier
happier
earliest
happiest
重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母
先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est
hot
thin
fat
hotter
thinner
fatter
hottest
thinnest
fattest
2) 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如：
原级 比较级 最高级
useful more useful most useful
difficult more difficult most difficult
delicious more delicious most delicious
3) 有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well 好的 better best
bad/ill 坏的 worse worst
many/much 多的 more most
little 少的 less least
far 远的 further furthest
farther farthest
old 老的 older oldest
elder eldest
2. 形容词比较级的用法
1）形容词的比较级可以单独使用：
Be more careful next time.下次小心点。
It was quieter outside.外面安静点了。
It couldn’t be easier.不能再容易了。
This car is more expensive.这辆车比较贵。
Who is taller? 谁高一点？
Which book is better? 哪本书更好？
2）也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：
A.名词或代词（若为人称代词，在口语中多用宾格）：
He is older than me. 他年龄比我大。
Tokyo is bigger than New York. 东京比纽约大。
B.动名词：
Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
This is more interesting than sitting in an office.  这比坐办公室更有意思。
C.从句：
I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。
He is stronger than I expected.  他比我预料的更健壮。
d.  状语：
She felt worse than usual. 她感到比平时更难受。
He is busier than ever.  他比过去更忙了。
E.跟其它成分（如动词、形容词等）：
It’s better to be prepared than unprepared.  有准备比没准备好。
She was more surprised than angry. 她吃惊甚于生气。
He was more lucky than clever.他是运气好，而不是聪明。
3 形容词比较级的修饰语
1）形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语：
He’s feeling a lot better today. 他感到今天好多了。
She’s a little bit better now. 她现在稍稍好点了。
It’s slightly warmer today. 今天稍微暖和一点。
2）也可在比较级前any, no, some, even, still这类词：
Do you feel any better today?你今天感觉好一点了吗？
She was no older than Zilla. 他并不比齐拉大。
This book is even more useful than that.  这本书甚至比那本书更有用。
3）比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：
Shall I get a couple more chairs? 我要不要再搬两把椅子来？
My sister is ten years younger than me.我妹妹比我小十岁。
You’re a head taller than Jane.你比简高一个头。
4. 形容词比较级的特殊用法
和more有关的词组
1） the more…the more… 越……就越……。例如：
The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make. 越努力，进步越大。
2） more B than A=less A than B 与其说A不如说B。例如：
He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。
3） no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多。例如：
The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。
no less… than… 与……一样……。例如：
He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。
4） more than 不只是，非常。例如：
She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。
和less有关的词组
5) less than  不到… 不太：
   In less than a week, the MS was ready.  不到一周稿子就准备好了。
6）no less than 多达   不少于
He won no less than $5oo.他赢了不少于500美圆。
No less than 2 million people came.至少来了2百万人。
7) more or less 基本上； 大体上； 大约
The work is more or less finished.这项工作基本上完成了。
The answers were more or less right.这些回答大体上是正确的。
另外， 还有as + 形容词或副词原级 + as
8) 在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。例如：
He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。
9) 当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如：
This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。
I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。
10)表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：
This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。
Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。
11）倍数+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍数+ the … + of。例如：
This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。
Your room is twice the size of mine.
5. 形容词最高级用法
the + 最高级 + 比较范围
1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，例如：
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。例如：
It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。
注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
（错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
（对）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。
注意：
a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如：
Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。
3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
4） "否定词语+比较级""否定词语+ so… as"结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如：
Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
6. 形容词最高级的特殊用法
1）形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词the 可以省略。
I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。
Cotton blankets are generally cheapest.  棉毛毯一般最便宜。
2）形容词最高级前可以加a 或不加冠词来表示  非常…
He has been most kind to me.  他对我非常好。
We were all most anxious to go home.  我们都很想回家。
3）形容词最高级还可和at 构成短语作表语，表示  处于最…的状态。
The peony was at its brightest.  牡丹花正在盛开。
I knew she was at her worst.  我知道她这时情绪最糟。
She was never at her best in the presence of her mother. 在她妈跟前她的表现从来不是最好的。
4）形容词最高级还可和at 构成许多短语作状语：
   He had been gone 15 minutes at the most. 他离开顶多才一刻钟。
   I’ll be with you at latest by ten.  我最迟十点钟就来陪你。
强化练习题 
1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A .little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two
2） One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
3） ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
4）-- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better
5）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A .more B. much more C. much D. more much
6）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
7）The weather in China is different from____.
A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America
8）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
9）John has three sisters, Mary is the ____ of the three.
A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer
10). She told us ____ story that we all forget about the time.
A. such an interesting B. such interesting a
C. so an interesting D. a so interesting
11) The story sounds____.
A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true
12) The pianos in the other shop will be ____, but____.
A. cheaper, not as better B. more cheap, not as better
C. cheaper, not as good D. more cheap, not as good
13).----How did you find your visit to the museum?
----I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ____ than I expected.
A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting
14) ____ food you’ve cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
15) These oranges taste____.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
16) The experiment was ____ easier than we expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
17) Canada is larger than ____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
18) Which is _____ country, Canada or Australia?
A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger
19)--- -Are you feeling____?
 ----Yes, I am fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better
20) John was so sleepy that he could he could hardly keep his eyes____.
A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening
21）----Mum, I think I’m ____ to get back to school.
----Not really, my dear. You’d better to stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good C. Well enough D. good enough
22) ----I f you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
   ----Ok, but do you have ____ size in blue? This one’s a bit tight for me.
A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
23) I t takes a long time to go there by train; it’s ____ by boat.
A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
24) If there were no examinations, we should have____ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D a much happier time
25)----Have you finished your report yet?
   ----No, I’ll finish in ____ ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
26)----How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
   ----It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ____days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
27) Can you believe that in ___ a rich country there should be____ many poor people?
A. such, such B. such, so C. so, so D. so, such
28) How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ____.
A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice
29) Wait till you are more____. It’s better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain
30) ____, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
31) If I had____, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting place.
A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
32) Professor White has written some short stories, but he is____ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more C. better D. the most
答案与解析
1.答案是C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色） --性质--名词"的顺序可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。
2.答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3.答案是B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词，如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。
4.答案是B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.
5.答案是C.　much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需mor