英语中所有修辞手法的解释和例句.doc

英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
　　1.Simile 明喻
　　明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
　　标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
　　例如:
　　1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
　　2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
　　3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
　　2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
　　隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
　　例如:
　　1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
　　2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
　　3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻
　　借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
　　I.以容器代替内容,例如:
　　1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.
　　2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
　　II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
　　Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
　　III.以作者代替作品,例如:
　　a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
　　VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
　　I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.

　　4.Synecdoche 提喻
　　提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
　　例如:
　　1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
　　他的厂里约有100名工人.
　　2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
　　他是本世纪的牛顿.
　　3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）
　　这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
　　　6.Personification 拟人
　　拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
　　例如:
　　1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）
　　2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）
　　7.Hyperbole 夸张
　　夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
　　例如:
　　1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
　　2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
　　3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

　　9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
　　婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.
　　例如:
　　1>.He is out visiting the necessary.   他出去方便一下.
　　2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.
　　3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世）

　　11.Irony 反语
　　反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
　　例如:
　　1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
           早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）
　　2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
　　12.Pun 双关
　　双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
　　例如:
　　1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.
　　2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
　　3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
　　13.Parody 仿拟
　　这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.
　　例如:
　　1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
　　2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
　　3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.

　　15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶
　　这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.
　　例如:
　　1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
　　2>.You are staying; I am going.
　　3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.

　　17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
　　这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
　　例如:
　　1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见
　　2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
　　Transferred Epithet: (移就） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.
1. Rushing thongs, blinded by the darkness and smoke, rushed up on a street and down the next trampling the fallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safety.
                                         (Robert Silverbury: Pompeii)
在黑暗和浓烟中狂奔的人群，沿着大街小巷踏着倒下的躯体，慌乱而徒劳地向安全地方冲闯。
crazy 在形式上是修饰dash，但在语义上是修饰throngs，表示在火山爆发时，四处奔逃时的疯狂的样子。
2. Sometimes they threw (him) bits of food, and got scant thanks; sometimes a mischievous pebble, and a shower of stones and abuses.
                                (Gibort Highet: Diogenes and Alexander)
有时他们给他丢一点吃的，却几乎听不到感谢；有时恶作剧地向他扔块卵石，却招来他一阵石块和恶骂。
修饰有生命，有感情的人行为方式的mischievous（恶作剧的）移来修饰无生命，无感情的 pebble（小鹅卵石），表达新奇，妙趣横生。
3. He flitted away down the path, his head held high, with an air of somewhat jaded jauntiness.
他沿着小路快步离开了，头昂得高高的，神情虽然高傲，但却显得有几分倦意。
句中jaded 在语义上是修饰He，表示一种状态。
4. And the first tender singing of the passionate throat of a young collier, who has since drunk himself to death.
                                  (David Herbert Lawrence: Tortoise Shout)
第一支男高音歌曲是由一个年轻的矿工唱的，他的嗓音高亢激昂，唱完后，他就喝得酩酊大醉了。
句中修饰throat 的 passionate 在语义是修饰young collier。
间接肯定法(Litotes
)是指用反对语的否定表达肯定的正面的意义的一种修辞手段。间接肯定法也称曲意法。间接肯定法与夸张法恰恰相反。夸张是讲得过分，间接肯定法则是有意轻描淡写，把话说小，常用否定的否定来表达肯定。　　例如：　　1.This is no small accomplishment.这可是一个不小的成就。（用no small表示great)　　2.This is not at all unpleasant.这件事一点儿也不令人讨厌。（用not at all unpleasant表示very pleasant)　　3.The man is no fool.那个人绝不傻。(用no fool表示 very clever.)　　4.The face wasn't a bad one.面孔长得不算坏。（用wasn't a bad one表示was a good one）　　5.She is not above telling a lie,if it will serve her purpose.如果说谎可以达到目的，她就说谎。（用not above表示only,just）
18.Climax 渐进法,层进法
　　这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.
　　例如:
　　1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
　　2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
　　19.Anticlimax 渐降法
　　与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
　　例如:
　　1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.
16.Paradox 隽语
　　这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..
　　例如:
　　1>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达
　　2>.The child is the father to the man.（童年时代可决定人之未来）三岁看大，四岁看老。
　14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问（反问）
　　它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
　　例如:
　　1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
　　2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
　　这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
   通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
　　例如:
　　1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）
　　鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
　　2>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）
　　品尝Mozart的音乐.
8.Parallelism 排比, 平行
　　这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.
　　例如:
　　1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
　　2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.
　10.Allegory 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
　　这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
　　例如:
　　1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.
        表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草

        真正意味：趁热打铁
　　2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.
        表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑