IFA化肥术语中英对照(详细版).doc

附件1
IFA化肥术语（中英对照）

一、肥料施用及相关词汇
一年施肥
一次每年都供给作物每年所需肥料的体系（而不是更久的时间间隔）。
Annual application
A system in which the annual fertilizer requirements of the crop are given each year (rather than at longer intervals).
防结块处理
与肥料结合的物质或者颗粒肥料表面处理能够防结块
Anti-caking agent
Substance incorporated in or applied as surface treatment to granular fertilizer to prevent caking.
施用
包括把肥料施用在地里、作物、草地、森林等
Application
General term for putting fertilizer on fields, crops, grassland, forests etc…
施用率
单位面积施用肥料的重量（液体肥料通常为体积）
Application rate
Weight of fertilizer (for liquids often volume) applied per unit area.
秋季施肥
在冬季播种之前施肥，通常磷钾肥和部分氮肥作为基肥。
Autumn fertilization
Application of fertilizers before the winter sowing, frequently as basic PK fertilization, also as N stater fertilization.
施肥
肥料的施用
Dressing
An application of fertilizer.
肥料灌溉
在灌溉水中溶解入化肥
Fertigation
Application of fertilizer dissolved in irrigation water.
施肥
施用肥料来促进作物生长和提高土壤肥力的任何或所有方面.
Fertilization
Any or all aspects of the use of fertilizers to improve crop growth and soil fertility.
施肥计划
考虑了所有的相关作物、土壤和气候因素以后，为某块地、某一作物制定的完整的施肥推荐
Fertilizer plan
The field-by-field and crop-by-crop fertilizer recommendations for a complete farm arrived at after consideration of all relevant crop, soil and climatic factors.
推荐施肥
对施用肥料类型以及施用量的建议。考虑土壤分析和/或其他作物和土壤信息。
Fertilizer recommendation
Advice on specified type and amount of fertilizer to be applied taking account of soil analysis and/or other information on the crop and soil.
注入
与肥料一起混合或喷施少量的微量元素、杀虫剂、杀菌剂。一般在大批混合的时候使用，也可以用在使用过程中允许肥料注入的设备。
Impregnation
Mixing or spraying a small amount of a micronutrient, herbicide, fungicide or insecticide with or on a fertilizer. Normally carried out during bulk blending operations but also by using equipment that permits impregnation of the fertilizer during application.
结合
肥料施用于土壤表面的耕作措施就是与土壤混合。
Incorporation
Cultural operation by which fertilizer applied to the surface of the soil is mixed with the soil.
注入
将肥料以注入的方式施入土壤表层以下；通常指无水氨用这种方式施用以避免气体挥发损失。
Injection
Placement of fertilizer below the soil surface by injection; usually refers to application of anhydrous ammonia in this way to avoid gaseous loss.
后期施肥
在一年生作物的生长后期施肥，主要是施氮以提高作物籽粒中的蛋白质含量。
Late fertilization
Application of fertilizers during advanced growth of annual crops, mostly N for higher protein content in the grain.
石灰需求
需要施用石灰来获得特定的pH。
Lime requirement
The lime application rate needed to bring the soil to a specified pH.
石灰施用
石灰（一般以钙为主，但有时也包括镁）的施用通常是为了提高土壤物理性状（pH，结构），但有时也用来提高肥力。
Liming
The application of liming materials (usually Ca-based, but sometimes including Mg), usually to improve soil physical properties (pH, structure) but sometimes also improving chemical fertility.
地方化施用
见施用
Localized application
See. Placement.
基础施肥
施肥以保持土壤肥力
Maintenance application
Fertilizer applied to maintain the chemical fertility of the soil.
矿质改善
施用无机物以提高土壤物理性状，如施用石膏
Mineral amendment (Amendment)
Inorganic material applied to improve the physical state of the soil, e.g. gypsum.
过量施肥
施肥量过高，作造成物减产
Over-fertilization
Level of fertilization too high resulting in a yield depression.
残余效应
持续供应作物养分的化肥或农肥的效果通常在施用至少一年后还会存在。
Residual effect
The effect of a fertilizer or manure in continuing to provide plant nutrients usually when at least a year has passed since application.
残余价值
残余养分的量来自于肥料和作物收获后残留在土壤中的部分。
Residual value
Quantification of residual plant nutrients derived from fertilizer and remaining in the soil after the crop has been harvested.
保持区
养分集中在肥料施用的土壤区
Retention zone
Soil zone where nutrients are concentrated following a fertilizer application.
分期施用
生长期内肥料分两次或多次施用的一个体系
Split application
A system of application in which fertilizer is applied at two or more growth stages.
春季施肥
冬季作物和夏季作物在2、3、4月开始生长的时候进行施肥
Spring fertilization
Fertilizer application on winter and summer crops at the beginning of growth in the months February, March, April.
启动施肥
部分一年一次的肥料在种子附近或伴随种子一起带状施用，以获得早期的快速生长
Starter application
Band placement of part of the annual fertilizer application near or with the seed to give rapid early growth.
启动肥料
含有容易被植物吸收的一定量养分，能使作物幼苗快速生长的肥料，一般施于种子附近。
Starter fertilizer
Fertilizer containing readily available plant nutrients in amounts suitable for rapid early growth of the crop and generally placed close to the seed.
储存
在施用前，或多或少的肥料供应。储存条件必须满足安全要求和预防产品变坏。
Storage
The holding of a supply of fertilizer, in large or small quantities, until it is needed for application. The conditions of storage must meet safety requirements and guard against product deterioration.
施茬肥
作物收获后但在土壤耕作前施用肥料
Stubble fertilization
Application of fertilizers directly after grain harvest but before soil cultivation.
追肥
不和任何形式结合的施肥方式，通常用于草地或已建成的作物。
top-dressing
Application not followed by incorporation, usually to grassland or an established crop.
变速施用
根据土壤养分水平，施肥器在田间移动时改变养分施入速率。也叫定位精确施肥
Variable-rate application
Variation of nutrient application rates as the applicator moves across the field, according to changes of the nutrient levels in the soil. Also called site-specific application.
挥发
化肥、土壤或有机肥中一种物质以气态的形式损失，如氨水（氨气挥发）或氮气或氮氧化物（反硝化作用）
Volatilization
Gaseous loss of a substance from the soil or from fertilizer or manure, e.g. as ammonia (ammonia volatilization) or as elemental nitrogen or oxides of nitrogen (denitrification).
二、土壤科学及相关词汇
酸化
土壤pH值降低是由于阳离子(主要是Ca2+和Mg2+)淋溶或者被作物吸收带走引起的
Acidification
The reduction in pH of the soil brought about by removal of cations (mainly Ca2+ and Mg2+) by leaching or removal in the crop.
保护地
至少有30%地表面被作物残体所覆盖的达到最小限度耕作的土壤。也叫免耕或少耕土壤。
Conservation tillage
Minimal mechanical soil cultivation with at least 30% of the field surface covered by crop residues. Also called no-till and reduced-till.
脱钙作用
作为酸化进程的一部分，从土壤中消除自由的碳酸钙和Ca2+.
Decalcification
Elimination of free calcium carbonate and Ca2+ ions from the soil as part of the process of acidification.
退化
土壤有机质随着能量的发展，胡敏酸和富敏酸的形成以及土壤养分向无机组分转化而出现的衰退过程.
Degradation
The process of breakdown of soil organic matter with evolution of energy, formation of humic and fulvic acids and conversion of plant nutrients to inorganic form.
反硝化作用
土壤中的硝态氮在厌氧细菌作用下转化为氮氧化物和气态氮。通常发生在淹水、浸水和部分浸水土壤.
Denitrification
Loss of nitrate from the soil by its conversion by anaerobic bacteria to nitrogen oxides and gaseous nitrogen. It occurs in flooded, waterlogged or partly waterlogged soils.
流动性
使用土壤养分来描述对作物速效的那部分，如通过不同的放射性示踪技术测定的速效P。
Labile
Used of soil nutrients to describe the fraction that is immediately available to plants, e.g. labile P as measured by various radioactive tracer techniques.
淋溶
作物养分从土壤中随水渗透损失。
Leaching
The loss of plant nutrients from soils in percolating water.
矿化
微生物破坏土壤有机质和作物残体并释放有效态的营养元素。
Mineralization
Microbial breakdown of soil organic matter and crop residues releasing plant nutrients in available form.
中和评价
石灰中和土壤酸度的量化作用，通常认为与CaCO3的作用有关。
Neutralizing value
The quantified effect of a liming material in neutralizing the acidity of the soil, usually expressed in relation to the effect of CaCO3.
改组
利用土壤中植物有效养分的微生物活性以提高土壤生物量；一些环境中这也许会大大降低养分水平，特别是N。
Reorganization
Microbial activity utilizing available plant nutrients in the soil for the production of soil biomass; in some circumstances this may reduce nutrient levels critically, especially N.
逆转
肥料或土壤中的磷从水溶态向水不溶态的化学转化。
Reversion
The chemical transformation of phosphate from water soluble to waterinsoluble form in fertilizers or in the soil.
径流
过量的水分在土壤表面向着小溪、河流等做横向运动
Run-off
The lateral movement of excess water on the surface of the soil towards stream, rivers etc…
盐化
地表或近地表聚集盐分。包括碱化（主要由于氯化钠造成）
Salinization
Surface or near-surface accumulation of salts. Includes alkalization (mostly by sodium salts).
土壤分析
土壤样品的物理、化学和生物学分析通常在实验室进行，能提供肥料需要和一定年限重复的土壤肥力变化信息
Soil analysis
Physical, chemical or biological assay of soil samples, usually in the laboratory, providing information on fertilizer requirement and, when repeated over a period of years, on changes in soil fertility.
土壤调节
合成物质对土壤肥力的物理方面有有益的效果。
Soil conditioner
Synthetic material having a beneficial effect on a physical aspect of soil fertility.
土壤肥力
土壤使作物健壮生长的所有能力，包括提供充足的养分、合适的水分条件以及根系生长和发展的适宜条件。肥力是物理化学生物组分的综合以及受气候和管理因素的影响。
Soil fertility
The overall ability of a soil to support vigorous crop growth by ensuring adequate plant nutrients and suitable conditions for water uptake, and by providing favourable conditions for root growth and development. Fertility is a synthesis of chemical, physical and biological components and is also influenced by climatic and management factors.
土壤样品
从一定面积上取来分析土壤肥力特征— 通常是化学方面的特征的有代表性的土数量。
Soil sample
Representative amount of soil taken from an area for assessment of soil fertility characteristics, usually chemical.
土壤溶液
土壤中的液相，含有溶解了的有效态养分。
Soil solution
The liquid phase present in the soil, containing dissolved nutrients in plant available form.

三、肥料制造与分析及相关词汇
添加剂
肥料中的结合物：
(a) 可提高肥料的物理性能，如储存或分散特性；
(b) 可提供微量营养元素，如硼；
(c) 可提供非营养的生物学行为，如杀虫剂或生长调节剂。
Additive
Material incorporated in a fertilizer :
(a) to improve its physical performance, e.g. in storage or spreading characteristics,
(b) to provide a minor nutrient, e.g. boron,
(c) to provide a non-nutrient biological action, e.g. pesticides or growth regulators.
柠檬酸铵
柠檬酸铵是用来测定各种肥料中的P2O5含量的试剂，并为作物提供有效养分提供评价。三种主要的柠檬酸铵测定方法的选择依赖于相应的规定：
(a)中性柠檬酸铵溶液 ；
(b)碱性柠檬酸铵(Peterman)；
(c) 碱性柠檬酸铵(Joulie)。
Ammonium citrate
Reagent used to determine the P2O5 content of various fertilizers and to provide an assessment of its availability to plants. Three principal variants of the ammonium citrate method are used, depending on relevant legislation :
(a) neutral ammonium citrate solution,
(b) alkaline ammonium citrate (Peterman),
(c) alkaline ammonium citrate (Joulie).
核准肥料
肥料分类中的法律定义了核准肥料的类型和内容。
Approved fertilizer
Legal definition in the classification of fertilizers which defines the type and content of approved fertilizers.
有效性
作物能够吸收的肥料中的养分范围，通常近似地用水溶液或者稀酸溶液测定（在缺乏好的生物学标准时）；同样也可以用土壤养分来描述能被作物带走的那一部分。
Availability
The extent to which the nutrients in a fertilizer can be taken up by crops, often measured approximately (in the absence of a good biological criterion) by solubility in water or dilute acids; also used of soil nutrients to describe the fraction that can be taken up by plants.
基肥
在作物或果树建植前施用的能满足一个生长季或几年需要的肥料（一般为磷钾肥）
Basal dressing (base dressing)
Fertilizer (usually P and K) applied before establishment of a crop or orchard to provide for its needs over a season or period of years.
二元肥料
含有N、 P 、K三种养分中的任意两种养分的肥料
Binary fertilizers
Any fertilizer containing two of the nutrients N, P and K.
生物肥料
以微生物接种或有机生长刺激物为基础的产品
Biofertilizer
A product based on microbial inoculants or organic growth stimulants.
大袋装
包装从250-1500kg不等，主要用于储存、运输和肥料施用。
Big bags
Closed flexible packages, holding from 250 to 1500 kg of material, used for storage, transport and application of fertilizers.
混和肥料
有多种相近颗粒的肥料干燥混合，不发生化学反应的复合肥料
Blended fertilizer (mixed fertilizer-US)
Compound fertilizer made by dry mixing of several fertilizer materials of similar granulometry, with no chemical reaction.
散装肥料
储存或运输中没有任何包装或者密闭容器装着的肥料。
Bulk fertilizer
Fertilizer in a stockpile or transported loose, without any form of packaging or closed container.

散装混合
混合肥料组分间不发生化学反应，保留原来的物理形状，通常以散装的形式供给农场，并在使用前才混合。
Bulk blend
A mixed fertilizer prepared without a chemical reaction from components that retain their physical form. Usually prepared shortly before use and supplied to farm in bulk.
结块
结块的肥料颗粒通过他们的结束面结合成紧凑的很难被打碎的大块。
Caking
The agglomeration of fertilizer particles by adhesion at their points of contact to form a compact mass that is difficult to break up.
鳌合肥料
肥料中一种或多种微量元素与有机配分子（由螯合作用）结合并逐渐释放，这就延长了对作物的有效性时间。
Chelated fertilizer
Fertilizer in which one or more trace elements are held by complex organic molecules (chelating agents) and are gradually released, thus prolonging the period of plant availability.
包膜肥料
肥料颗粒表面包裹了一层不同的物质，薄层阻止吸水或结块，厚层或渗透性很小的物质延长养分的释放。
Coated fertilizer
A fertilizer in which the particles are covered by a layer of a different substance; thin layers are used to prevent moisture pick-up or caking and thicker layers or less permeable materials to delay or prolong the release of nutrients.
压缩肥料
使用高压破碎薄层大块物料或通过旋转鼓粉碎薄层干燥物料得到的稍平的和有棱角的肥料。
Compacted fertilizer
Fertilizer of flattish and angular form made by fragmentation of thin sheets of material agglomerated by high pressure or by the fragmentation of thin sheets of dried material on a revolving drum.
合成肥料
通过在原料和所用媒介间发生化学反应得到的最终产品，一种复合肥料。

Complex fertilizer
Compound fertilizer in which the final product is made by a process involving chemical reaction between the raw materials and intermediates used.
堆肥
动、植物残体和工业废料包括秸秆被生物分解而成的有机肥。生物分解作用会因为氮肥处理和微生物活动而加剧。
Compost
Organic manure obtained by biological breakdown of vegetable, animal and industrial wastes including straw. Breakdown may be hastened by treatment with N fertilizer and with bacterial cultures.
复合肥料
N、P、K中包括两种或三种养分的肥料。
Compound fertilizer (mixed fertilizer - US)
Material containing two or three of the primary nutrients N, P and K.
结晶肥料
清晰可见的结晶，如硫酸铵。通常称为粉状肥料。
Crystalline fertilizer
Crystals clearly visible, for example ammonium sulphate. Often called a powder fertilizer (EN-128).
农家肥（有机肥，粪）
由粪、尿和秸秆或其他干草树叶构成的有机肥。
Farmyard manure (manure, dung)
Organic manure consisting essentially of faeces, urine and straw or other litter.
肥料养分
大多数国家指N、P、K，但有时也包括肥料能提供的其他养分，如Mg, S.
Fertilizer nutrient
In most countries, N, P and K, but sometimes including other nutrients supplied in fertilizers, e.g. Mg, S.
肥料需要
作物生长期所需要的养分用量根据土壤和其他生长条件确定
Fertilizer requirement
The amounts of plant nutrients required by a crop during its growth period, assessed in relation to soil and other growing conditions.
肥料样品
按规定过程(a)质量控制目的 , (b)法定检测肥料组分期间，可取得代表性肥料样品
Fertilizer sample
Representative sample of fertilizer obtained by a prescribed procedure (a) for the purpose of quality control, (b) in the course of statutory checks on fertilizer composition.
肥料推广者
见肥料销售者
Fertilizer spreader
See. Fertilizer distributor.
填料
原料如沙子或石灰不含任何作物需要的养分，可通过相应的法规检验或应用，可加入肥料中以获得特定的NPK含量
Filler
Material, e.g. sand or limestone, not containing any nutrient which is recognized by relevant legislation or application of which is required by the crop, added to fertilizer to obtain a specified NPK content
液体肥料
见液体肥料
Fluid fertilizer
See. Liquid fertilizer.
叶面肥料（叶面施肥）
含有所需要的大量、中量和微量营养元素的产品，施于作物叶片且养分被叶片所吸收；通常低浓度施用。
Foliar fertilizer (foliar feed)
A product containing major, secondary and micro-nutrients, as required, designed for application to, and nutrient uptake by the foliage of the crop; usually applied at a low concentration.
自由酸
肥料中存在的未中和的酸的总浓度
Free acidity
The sum of acidic components present in an unneutralized state i