翻译课程 第8讲 正说反译和反说正译.doc

广西师范学院《 英汉互译（一）》课程教案
编号: 15-8
开课单位：外语系 授课教研室：翻译写作
课程名称：《英汉互译（一）》 授课教师： 唐旭光
教 材：《新编英汉互译教程》， 授课对象：06级英语专业2、3、5班
授课时间： 授课时数： 2 课时
授课课题
11. Translation of Affirmative Sentences
授课形式
讲练课
教学目的与要求
Translation techniques in Affirmative Sentences
教学重点
Translation of Affirmative Sentences
教学难点
Translation of Affirmative Sentences
教学方法与手段
理论讲解与翻译操练相结合
教学内容及
过程设计
1．知识点介绍
一、正说反译
1. Introduction
2. 原文中正说的动词在译文中从反面表达
3. 原文正说的名词在译文中从反面表达
4. 原文中正说的形容词在译文里从反面表达
5. 原文中正说的副词在译文里从反面表达
6. 原文中正说的副词在译文里从反面表达
7. 原文中的介词在译文里从反面表达
8. 原文中的连词或关联词在译文从反面表达
9. 原文中正说的词组在译文里从反面表达
10. 原文中正说的词组在译文里从反面表达
11. 原文中正说的句子在译文里从反面表达
12. 原文中正说的句子在译文里从反面表达
二、反说正译
1. Introduction
2. 原文中反说的动词在译文中从正面表达
3. 原文中反说的名词在译文中从正面表达
4. 原文中反说的动词在译文中从正面表达
5. 原文中反说的副词在译文中从正面表达
6. 原文中反说的形容词在译文中从正面表达
7. 原文中反说的形容词在译文中从正面表达
8. 原文中反说的词组在译文中从正面表达

2. 翻译操练与练习讲评
作 业
Exercises P209-211，专八翻译（活页）练习
课后小结

参考资料

《英汉互译（一）》第八讲 正说反译与反说正译
（Conversion Between Positive and Negative Expressions）
一、正说反译
1. Introduction
A sentence can be made with positive and negative expressions. A positive sentence in English is one in which there is / are no negative word (s) like no, never, not, or no negative word(s) with a negative affix like none-, de-, dis-, -less, etc. A positive sentence in Chinese is one where you do not find such words as “不”、“没有”、“无”、“非”、“未”、“否”、“休”、“勿”、“别”、“莫”、“毋”. As Chinese and English are quite different from each other in their respective usage, the same idea or concept may be translated into either a positive form or a negative form. A positive sentence may be rendered into a negative one and vice versa. Sometimes, a positive sentence may be translated into either a positive one or a negative one, which depends on the context. In many cases nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions in their positive forms are put into their negative forms in the version so that the version becomes quite idiomatic and very faithful.

2. 原文中正说的动词在译文中从反面表达
1. If they think that that clinches the argument against deregulation of the economy, they miss a crucial point.
如果他们认为那样做就能证明反对撤消经济调节之说言之有理，那么他们就没有抓住问题的要害。
2. Though its feisty(=spirited, energetic) founder has left, Giordano’s casual wear sales show no signs of running out of stream.
尽管它精力充沛的创始人早已不在，吉奥达诺公司的便装销售仍然没有下降的趋势。
3. Some 59 percent of candidate teachers flunked the certification course.
大约59%的候补教师未能通过教师资格课程考试。

3. 原文正说的名词在译文中从反面表达
4. The officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, say that the talk ended with agreement to move on the bilateral negotiations but with no accord on sites.
一些不愿透露姓名的官员们说，会谈结束时双方同意继续举行双边谈判，但对谈判地点尚未取得一致意见。
5. The whiff of scandal, and particularly the cash-for-questions imbroglio, reminds the electorate that power concentrated in the hands of a single party for too long tends to corrupt.
尽管丑闻不大，而且这些来路不明的款项内情复杂，至今尚无定论，却也足以提醒选民：权利集中在一个政党手中过长就会产生腐败。
6. There is resentment about high fares, particularly among business travelers inside America, with flexible tickets on routes where there is no competition from low-cost carriers.
人们对机票过高极为不满，抱怨最多的是持有变通机票、航线上没有低成本承运者竞争的美国国内公务乘客。
7. Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice.
班纳特先生真是个古怪的人，喜欢插科打诨，爱挖苦人，同时又不苟言笑，变幻莫测。

4. 原文中正说的形容词在译文里从反面表达
8. Recalcitrant backbenchers hamstrung the prime minister’s attempt to railroad the bill through the Commons.
不屈不挠的后坐议员们挫败了首相操纵下议院匆忙通过这项法案的企图。
9. The question of whether anyone should care about Michael Fay is idle: though Singapore officials profess shock at the attention his case has drawn, they know Americans care deeply about the many sides of this issue.
人们是否应该关注迈克尔·费伊，这个问题是没有意义的。尽管新加坡官员声称，此案引起如此关注，他们感到十分震惊，但他们明白，美国人所深深关注的是这一事件所引发的诸多方面的思考。
10. Japanese prime ministers tend to have a short shelf life and a weak brand image.
日本历届首相往往是上台不久就下台而且品牌形象也欠佳。
11. Once in a while, a tragedy occurs which touches even the most case-hardened heart.
悲剧不时发生，连那些麻木不仁的人们也有所触动。
12. The scanty supply of food was distressing: with the keen appetites of growing children, we had scarcely sufficient food to keep alive a delicate invalid.
食物供应不足也令人烦恼：我们这些正在发育的孩子食欲很强，可是我们的食物几乎还不够养一个虚弱的病人。

5. 原文中正说的副词在译文里从反面表达
13. It has concentrated minds wondrously on an already lively domestic debate over what constitutes a due balance between individual and majority rights.
个人权益和大多数人的权利如何平衡，这是美国国内一直激烈争论的问题。现在，费伊的笞刑又一次不可思议地使人们关注起这个问题。
14. Its tariffs, though not exorbitantly high, have been something of a roller-coaster. 这个国家的关税并不是高得令人无法接受，问题是它老是大起大落。
15. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in a monkey-like imitation.
当时我并不知道自己是在拼写一个词，甚至不知道有所谓的词，不过是象猴子一样用手指模仿罢了。
16. In long shaky strokes Sargent copied the data. Waiting always for a word of help his hand moved faithfully the unsteady symbols, a faint hue of shame flickering behind his dull skin.
萨金特用长而颤巍巍的笔画抄录了数据。他一面不断地期待着老师开口指点，一面忠实地临摹那些多变的符号，他那灰暗的皮肤下隐隐地闪烁着羞愧的色调。

6. 原文中正说的副词在译文里从反面表达
17. He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.
他提醒了我，要不然我就会把这事忘了。

7. 原文中的介词在译文里从反面表达
18. The book is beyond the knowledge of a five-year-old child.
这本书五岁孩子读不懂。
19. I am embarrassed to write of “God’s presence”. God is off my beat.
我决不会就“上帝的存在”挥笔撰文，上帝不属于我工作的范围。
20. Child-development experts warn parents against placing unreasonable expectations on school-age children.
儿童成长专家警告说，家长不要对学龄儿童寄予不合理的期望。
21. How delightful it would be, I thought, to have months of clean snow and a landscape sparkling with frost instead of innumerable gray featureless days of rain and raw winds.
我想，如果我们这里经常是个冰雪积月、霜华璀璨的景色，而不是像现在这种苦雨凄风永无尽期的阴沉而乏特色的日子，那该会多么令人喜悦啊！
22. His behavior is above praise.
他的行为不止是值得称赞的。

8. 原文中的连词或关联词在译文从反面表达
23. Before he arrived at the bus stop, the touring party was gone.
他还没到公车站，旅行团就出发了。
24. Until we are intelligible as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.
我们不懂得风俗所起作用的规律和它的种种表现，也必然不会理解人类生活中那些越来越复杂的主要方面。
25. He ( Kant ) had a crooked nose, but a fine brow and his color was fresh.
他（康德）生就一个鹰勾鼻子，不过眉目还算清秀，气色也不错。
26. Peter will fail in the exam again unless he concentrates on his study.
如果彼得不用心学习，他考试还会不及格。

9. 原文中正说的词组在译文里从反面表达
27. Pakistan has castigated the U.N. Security Council for washing its hands of the volatile situation in Kashmir.
巴基斯坦严厉批评联合国安理会对克什米尔爆炸性局势撒手不管。
28. The President charged head down at the bill introduced by the opposition, with the result that it had to be put on ice.
总统不顾一切地抨击反对党提出的议案结果使它被搁置。
29. She has an incisive manner of speaking, happily free from ums and ers, and, perhaps, a tribute to the elocution lessons she took while still a young girl.
她说话锋利尖锐，好在没有哼哼哈哈的拖腔，或许这应归功于她少女时代所上的演讲课的训练。
30. Far from benefiting consumers, alliances and mergers between firms may give them undue influence over the market.
公司联手、合并远远不能给顾客带来实惠，反而可能使这些公司对市场拥有不适当的影响力。
31. But for her the race of the world would have trampled him underfoot, a squashed boneless snail.
要不是有她，他早就被你争我夺的社会踩在脚下变成一摊稀烂的蜗牛泥了。

10. 原文中正说的词组在译文里从反面表达
32. This is at odds with astronomical data.
这与天文资料记载不符。

11. 原文中正说的句子在译文里从反面表达
33. The problem is too complicated for us common people to solve it.
这个问题太复杂了，我们常人根本无法解决它。
34. Third World countries have been losing everything.
第三世界国家逐渐变得一无所有。
35. A gentleman is, rather than does.
绅士生而是之，并非学而为之。
36. “ Oh! My dear Mr. Bennet,”said she as she entered the room, “ We have had a most delightful evening, a most excellent ball. I wish you had been there.”
“噢！我的好老爷，”她一走进房间就这么说，“我们这一个晚上过的太快活了，舞会太好了。你没有去真可惜。”
37. Great is the art of beginning, greater is the art of ending.
善始固然不易，善终尤为难得。

12. 原文中正说的句子在译文里从反面表达
38. This would be the last place the colonialists would leave, for in it lay riches and natural resources.
这是殖民者最不愿离开的地方，因为这里蕴藏着财富和自然资源。
39. We breathe but the air of books.
书香仿佛空气，无处不在。

二、反说正译
1. Introduction
In many cases nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions in their negative forms are put into their positive forms in the version so that the version becomes quite idiomatic and very faithful. Plenty of examples are provided to confirm this translation technique.
2. 原文中反说的动词在译文中从正面表达
40. South America has unshackled its trade, restructured its rickety banks and tightened its fiscal belt.
南美洲开放了贸易，整顿了自己摇摇欲坠的银行，紧缩了财政开支。
41. The most nonsensical notion, the most causal slip of the tongue, the most fantastic dream, must have a meaning and can be used to unriddle the often incomprehensible maneuvers we call thinking.
最不理智的想法，最不经意的失言，最荒诞的梦境也必有意义，它们还可以用来解释被我们称作思维的通常不可理解的活动。
42. Secrets, silent, strong sit in the dark palaces of both our hearts: secrets weary of their tyranny: tyrants, willing to be dethroned.
我们两人心灵深处的黑殿里，都盘踞着沉默不语、纹丝不动的秘密，这些秘密已经倦于自己的专横统治，是情愿被人赶下去的暴君。
43. “ Don’t unstring your shoes, Rooby,” she said.
她说：“把鞋带系上，罗比。”
44. They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for.
他们性情温柔，心地善良，宽容随和。他们往往迁就孩子，总是满心欢喜地跑去买孩子要求的任何东西。

3. 原文中反说的名词在译文中从正面表达
45. He was thrown into unemployment when the factory closed, and now he is living on the unemployment compensation.
工厂关闭后他就失业了，现在他靠失业救济金度日。
46. In general, she could accept the family life in all its crowded inadequacy.
在通常情况下，她还是能够忍受她那拥挤寒碜的家庭生活
47. The government has worked out new plans for disarmament.
政府制定出了裁军的新方案。

4. 原文中反说的动词在译文中从正面表达
48. Global deforestation and the use of fossil fuels accelerate the trend of global warming.
全球性的毁林以及矿物燃料的使用加剧了全球变暖的趋势。
49. Good posture is essential for teenagers to avoid osseous changes in the spine and the onset of disorders in the lumber region later in life.
保持姿势正确对青少年绝对必要，这有助于预防脊柱变形，防止在以后的生活中发生腰区病痛。

5. 原文中反说的副词在译文中从正面表达
50. Many agreed that the Prime Minister had in effect resigned dishonorably.
许多人认为首相辞职实际上是很丢面子的。
51. Suddenly he descried a dim yellow light moving noiselessly towards him from the far end of a long lane.
突然，他看见有一盏昏黄的灯正从巷道的深处静静地向他移动过来。
52. But they were also capable of unobtrusively sending a few chickens, some eggs, or some roasted pumpkin seeds to secretaries-general or directors.
但是，他们也会很微妙地送几只鸡，一些鸡蛋，或者一些烤烘过的南瓜子给秘书长或者主任。
53. Only recently Canadian researchers, probing the pickled brain, found that he had an unusually large inferior parietal lobe.
最近，几位加拿大学者对泡在盐水中的爱因斯坦大脑研究了一番，他们发现这位科学家有一个大的出奇的下顶叶。

6. 原文中反说的形容词在译文中从正面表达
54. The charismatic Mother Teresa battled faceless bureaucrats and the Mandarins promoting global development to preach the demographics of the dispossessed. 为了宣扬“穷人的人口理论”，极有性格魅力的特雷萨修女同众口一词的官僚和提倡全球发展的官员展开了斗争。
55. America’s allies complain that U.S. spymasters place too much faith in gizmos and not enough on good, old-fashioned agents.
美国的盟友们抱怨美国间谍机关的首脑过于信任五花八门的间谍装置，却忽视了忠心耿耿的老式特工。
56. During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country.
那年秋天某日，天气阴沉，昏暗寂静，云层低压，令人窒息。整整一天，我独自一人策马行进，穿过一条异常沉闷的乡间小路。
57. A woman claiming to be the film star’s illegitimate daughter has been found guilty of extortion for demanding money from him in return for not telling the media. 一个自称是某电影明星私生女儿的妇女以不向报界披露此事为交换条件，向后者索取金钱，这个妇女被判有欺诈罪。
7. 原文中反说的形容词在译文中从正面表达
58. Near-panic swept through Singapore, until rumors of down-town riots proved unfounded. 直到市区发生骚乱的谣言被证明纯属空穴来风，新加坡到处是一片近乎惊慌的恐惧。

8. 原文中反说的词组在译文中从正面表达
59. It is a stereotype, but none the less true, that the Balkans is a powder keg needing only a single spark to explode.
巴尔干地区是个点火就爆炸的火药桶，这固然是老生常谈，却也千真万确。
60. Don’t lose time in posting this letter.
赶快把这封信寄出去。
61. Two women completely covered with chaff were kneeling in the hay. One held a lever shears, the other grasped the bundles, and with undivided attention they cut the hay and mixed it.
两个女人跪在草堆里，浑身都是草屑，一个掌着铡刀，一个把着草束，专心专意地铡着草，随后拨弄那些切碎了的草。