四级作文三：对比选择型议论文讲义.doc

正反对比型
曾经考过的真题：
考试时间
题目简述
所属类型
1995年1月
Can Money Buy Happiness?
1、有人认为金钱是幸福之本 （提出一种观点）
2、也有人认为金钱是万恶之源 （提出其反面观点）
3、我的看法 （我的观点）
观点对比
1996年1月
The Two-day Weekend.
1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处。 （提出优点）
2. 双休日可能给大学生带来的问题。（提出缺点）
3. 我应当怎样过好双休日。 （我的打算）
利弊分析
1996年6月
Global Shortage of Fresh Water.
1. 人们以为淡水是取之不尽的(提示：雨水、河水、井水......) （提出一种观点）
2. 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的(提示：人口增加，工业用水增加，污染......) （提出其反面观点）
3. 我们应该怎么办 （我们的打算：解决办法）
观点对比
1998年6月
Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?
1.　有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。 （提出一种观点）
2.　我认为数字和运气无关，...... （提出其反面观点）
观点对比
1999年6月
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
1. 有人认为读书要有选择 （提出一种观点）
2. 有人认为应当博览群书 （提出其反面观点）
3. 我的看法 （我的看法）
观点对比

2000年6月
Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
1、很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是......（提出一种观点）
2、也有人持不同的意见，...... （提出其反面观点）
3、我的看法和打算 （我的看法、打算）
观点对比
2005年12月
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点 （提出一个现象）
2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 （提出对比观点）
3．我认为…… （我的观点）
观点对比
2006年6月(new)
On Students Selecting Lecturers
1、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师。（提出一个现象）
2、学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是。。。 （分析现象）
3、学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题 （分析利弊）
现象分析+利弊分析
2006年12月
 Spring Festival Gala on CCTV
1、 许多人喜欢看cctv 春节晚会；（提出一种观点）
2、但有的人认为应该取消； （提出其反面观点）
3、你的看法 （你的观点）
观点对比

观点对比：提出一种观点，提出其反面观点，你的观点
利弊分析：优点，缺点，你的观点（打算）
正反对比型的基本段落：
观点段（优点段），相反观点段（缺点段），你的观点段

Do-it-together:
Spring Festival Gala on CCTV
1、 许多人喜欢看cctv 春节晚会；（提出一种观点）
2、但有的人认为应该取消； （提出其反面观点）
3、你的看法 （你的观点）

paragraph 1: 许多人喜欢看CCTV春节晚会. （观点段）
TS
_____ has become a controversy.
DS
People who advocate claim that…For one thing… For another …
All these point to the indispensability of…

paragraph 2: 但有的人认为应该取消； （提出其反面观点）
TS
On the contrary/In contrast/ However, others set forth a totally different argument about the issue.
DS
They consider it unnecessary to . The reasons for this are not far to seek.

paragraph 3: 你的看法 （你的观点）
TS
From a personal perspective, I am undoubtedly in favor of .
DS

Spring Festival Gala on CCTV
Spring Festival Gala on CCTV has become a controversy. People who advocate claim that Spring Festival Gala on CCTV is an indispensable company during the traditional New Year’s Eve. For one thing, the yearly gala, developed by CCTV more than 2 decades ago, remains kind of a habit for most Chinese families to celebrate the traditional Spring Festival. For another, it brings us multitudes of happiness. Through the wonderful programs, most Chinese people can share the same happiness and excitement with people all over the world. All these point to the indispensability of the Gala on CCTV to the celebration of Spring Festival.
However, others set forth a totally different argument about the issue/ an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. They consider it unnecessary to continue such a traditional way of celebration. The reasons for this are not far to seek. In their view, the Spring Festival Gala on CCTV, whose programs are almost the same as 20 years before is left far behind the changing society. What is worse, people are fed up with its intention to imbue them with patriotism, because Spring Festival, as an occasion of family reunion, should be totally relaxing.
From a personal perspective, I am undoubtedly in favor of the Evening Get-Together. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. Besides, with such a gathering, family members will have a perfect opportunity to enjoy more fun and happiness, for nowadays most people are so engaged in their daily businesses that they can rarely find any extra time to stay with their family, which, if not properly adjusted, might add further to the already worsening situation of the values of Chinese families.

On-class assignment:
Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
Directions For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120-150 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.
1． 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是。。。
2． 也有人持不同意见，。。。
3． 我的看法和打算是。。。
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test.
Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test. Is it necessary to take such a test?
Many people express their support for such a test. For one thing, with the deepening of reform and wider opening to the outside world, face-to-face talks with foreigners are becoming more and more frequent, so our society needs a large number of people who possess the ability to speak fluent English. For another, people who can speak English fluently will have more chances of obtaining a better job. Therefore, such a test is really necessary.
However, some people hold the opposite viewpoint. They regard the test as being unnecessary. They argue that even if a person speaks fluent English, he may not find a satisfactory job, for opportunity, in some cases, is more important. Furthermore, spoken English does not play any role in many people’s jobs.
I feel a test of spoken English will be a challenge as well as an encouragement for me to improve my all-round ability especially practical ability in English. So I am determined to make use of every opportunity to practice my spoken English, and surely it will do me much good.

Off-class assignment:
On Students Selecting Lecturers
1、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师。（提出一个现象）
2、学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是。。。 （分析现象）
3、学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题 （分析利弊）

On Students Selecting Lecturers
As the proverb says, “Knowledge is power.” It is an undeniable fact that a large amount of students prefer to choose their own teachers for certain courses. In fact, some universities allow their students to do so.
When choosing a teacher, some factors should be taken into consideration. On one hand, a learned teacher is preferred. After all, for a student, studying is given full priority. A teacher with plentiful knowledge can ease the burden of study for many students and provide them with many opportunities for enlarging their scope of knowledge, while at the same time realizing their potentials. On the other hand, a teacher with a clear and humorous teaching style is favorable. To a large extent, whether a lecture is welcomed by the students or not is depended on the way of delivering rather than its content. No one can deny that interesting interaction is far more enjoyable than monologue.
There is a good side and a bad side to everything, including choosing teachers by students. It goes without saying that it can arouse students’ interest in study to the largest extent. Such phenomena as being absent from classes or paying no attention to the classes may vanish.
Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that it can bring some side-effects. The management of classes may be in a disorder. Some teachers can be warmly welcomed so the number of the students may be too large while other courses may have few participants.
We can conclude that allowing students to choose their own teachers has both positive and negative effects. What we must do is to make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible.

Further exercises:
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
1． 名校校园正成为旅游新热点 （提出一个现象）
2． 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 （提出对比观点）
3． 我认为…… （我的观点）

Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attraction. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study . With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.

11