齐鲁大地英文翻译.doc

The footprints of foreign experts can be found everywhere in the land of Qilu (Shandong Province), and numerous fruitful results can not be obtained without their intelligence and perspiration. In view of their achievements, Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Shandong Province and Shandong Provincial Bureau of Foreign Experts, has selected 50 members of high academic level and fine mental outlook from the foreign experts who have been working in Shandong for several years and edited their deeds in the book Foreign Experts in Qilu. All the selected foreign experts have made great contributions to Shandong Province and have won the National Friendship Award, the Qilu Friendship Award, or the awards given by the local municipal governments in which cities their work units locate. Foreign Experts in Qilu, which is in Chinese and English versions, is published: 1. to show the great achievements in Shandong’s talent-introduction, 2. to be in honor of the important contributions made by the foreign experts to the economic construction and social development of Shandong, 3. to demonstrate foreign experts’ great demeanor in Shandong, 4. to deepen the traditional friendship between the foreign experts and Shandong, 5. to further promote Shandong’s development and utilization of the resources of high-level international talents. This book is a showcase of the achievements in talent-introduction and an important platform to deepen talent’s opening-up and the traditional friendship between China and foreign countries. The publication of this book will definitely play a positive role in: 1. extending the influence of Shandong’s talent-introduction. 2. creating a good environment of public opinion for Shandong’s talent-introduction 3. promoting Shandong’s foreign exchange and cooperation. 4. motivating a great number of international talents to come to Shandong for starting up and developing.
At present, almost all countries in the world, to manage the “Empress Financial Crisis Ages”，and to contend the commanding point of economic development, industrial revolutionary and scientific and technological innovation, are actively implementing new talent strategies with a view to attract and retain talents, which result in more fierce competition over high-level talents around the globe. Whilst the other provinces in China have issued in succession more favorable talent introduction policies, which has led to more intense competition over talents in the provincial level and more attention to the issues related to talents. Confronted with such an urgent situation, we would lose the opportunity to introduce talents as well as the opportunity to develop if we are slack, which would leave us at a disadvantage in the new round of competition. All comrades serving for Shandong’s talent-introduction must further strengthen the sense of responsibility, mission and urgency, and thoroughly implement the spirit of Shandong talent conference by sticking to the policy of the development of talents, “serving for development, talent priority, utilization orientation, mechanism innovation, being led by the high-end development, and overall development”. With the goal of building a strong province of economy and culture as the center and the significant opportunity that the developments of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone and Yellow River Delta Efficient Ecological Economic Zone have been upgraded to a national strategy, all comrades must further emancipate the mind and grasp the opportunity of talent introduction to build a more brilliant Shandong together.

研究报告

一． 选材原因
我翻译的是《外国专家在齐鲁》一书的序言，选择翻译此文是因为：1.此书较新，尚无人译过，因而具有时效性；2.它的序言包含许多中国特有的政治、经济、人文方面的内容，有些概念经查在英文中没有现成的表达，需要一定的翻译技巧和功底，如研究“精神风貌好”、“人才对外开放”、“引智”等具有中国特色的概念的翻译方法，可以提高翻译水平。要翻译好，就必须对山东乃至中国的政治、经济、文化等方面的知识有所了解并具备较高的中英文转换能力；3.此文难度适中，长短适中（540汉字），符合此次翻译作业的要求。

二． 翻译过程
由于是一篇序，涉及到山东省外国专家，省人力资源和社会保障厅、省外国专家局等概念，措辞正式、严谨，所以翻译时要求英文对等词句同样正式、严谨。以下是我在中译英过程中发现、分析并解决问题的过程及心得，有些词句网上有固定译法，则以下不做赘述。
1.“齐鲁大地，处处留下外国专家的足迹”：第一句的翻译重点在前半句“齐鲁大地”，有各种译法，网上显示目前没有官方译法，我在中国知网的英文论文库查“在…大地”，显示为“in the land of”；而“齐鲁”我决定采用拼音加注释的译法，最终定为“in the land of Qilu (Shandong Province) ”。
2.“无不凝聚着外国专家的智慧和汗水”：“智慧和汗水”属于中国文章特有的抒情表达，英语没有相关搭配。“智慧”英文主要有“intelligence”和“wisdom”两种，我认为“wisdom”表意太宽泛，含有“英明”之意，更适合形容领导人，而对外国专家来说，他们的智慧指的是聪明的头脑，所以我选“intelligence”；“汗水”英文主要有“perspiration”和“sweat”两种，前者更正式，符合本文文体，最终定为“intelligence and perspiration”。
3.“为纪念…做出的重要贡献”：原本此句翻译没有难点，但我反复阅读上下文发现，此处“纪念”的对象是“外国专家在我省经济建设和社会发展中做出的重要贡献”，而根据上下文，这些贡献在写这篇序前后仍在继续，所以不能简单地理解为对过去的纪念，而对过去的纪念英文中有“to commemorate”，“in memory of”， “in remembrance of”等多种表达，而经查英英词典，这些表达多指“对已发生的事情或已逝去的人的纪念”，而根据上下文，本文中的外国专家有的仍健在，所以不能简单的“纪念”他们的贡献，因此我理解为“为向外国专家做出的重要贡献表示敬意”，我用了短语“in honor of”,经查英英词典，意为“in order to show respect and admiration for sb/sth”，它特指“对刚发生或正在发生的事以及活着的人的敬意”。
4.“精神风貌好”：典型的中文表达，英语没有相关搭配。首先用百度百科查了“精神风貌”的意思，显示为“总体良性的精神层面的风格、面貌”。通过百度和谷歌英文在线查到“精神风貌”有“mental/spiritual outlook”，“spirit”等说法，我觉得简译为“精神”，即“spirit”便可，“精神风貌好”决定译为“fine spirit”(“good”虽然也与“好”对等，但不如“fine”正式)。我用维基百科查“fine spirit”，显示英语文章确有相同表达方式，可以确定此译法符合英语习惯。
5.“…精选了50名学术层次高、精神风貌好、对我省贡献大，并且获得过国家‘友谊奖’、‘齐鲁友谊奖’或聘用单位所在市政府奖项的外国专家的事迹…”：此句是本篇翻译的难点之一，一是因为句子长，二是因为有至少四个定语来修饰“外国专家”。分析句子结构后我决定采用拆译法将“精选了50名学术层次高、精神风貌好的外国专家”作为一句，两个定语“学术层次高” 、“精神风貌好”后置修饰“外国专家”，即“…have selected 50 members of high academic level and fine spirit…”；然后将“这50名专家对我省贡献大，并且获得过国家‘友谊奖’、‘齐鲁友谊奖’或聘用单位所在市政府奖项的外国专家的事迹”单独作为一句，这句中的成分原本也都是定语，另起一句后则做“外国专家”的谓语和宾语，避免了英文忌讳的定语过长问题。
6.“该书是我省引进国外智力成果的集中展现，是深化人才对外开放、传递中外传统友谊的重要平台。…营造良好引智舆论环境…，吸引、感召大批国外人才智力到齐鲁大地创业和发展起到积极作用”：“引进外国智力”（引智）是中国特有的概念，要译准、译好，首先要理解文中“引智”的含义。表面看，“引智”即“引进外国智力”，实际上是“引进外国人才”。通过对中国知网英文论文库平行文本的搜索，引智”译为名词短语“foreign talent introduction”或动词短语“to introduce foreign talent”；“人才对外开放”也是中国特有的概念，译为“talent’s opening-up”；“舆论环境”的“环境”二字译为英文时不需译出，应采用删译法，只译出“舆论”（“public opinion”）；“ 吸引、感召”从表面看是两个不同的动词概念，但这是中文文章的特点，喜欢连用多个同一意群的词起强调作用，我认为英文译为“motivate”一词即可。

三． 总结
通过对本文的翻译，使我增加了对翻译工作的认识。
1.在翻译过程中，不仅要求具备良好的英语水平，而且要与时俱进，关注国内外最新动态。
2.不论是中译英还是英译中，都要求在具有一定英语能力的基础上，对母语有深入理解，否则可能出现对中文的错误理解导致翻译错误。
3.要做一名合格的笔译工作者，必须具备较高的中英文转换能力，这种转换能力既包括中英文对等转换，也包括不对等转换，而且后者更能体现一名译者的功底。
4.要继续通过实践提高翻译水平，并且要熟练掌握好各种翻译理论和技巧，如增译法、删译法、拆译法等，另外在翻译过程中，特别是中译英时，还应灵活运用定语后置对汉语过长的定语进行转换，以及插入语和注释等技巧。
5.通过这一学期对李老师基础笔译课程的学习，在掌握许多翻译技巧、开拓翻译视野之余，更重要的是，正如李老师在最后一堂课临下课时所讲，带领我们进入了翻译的殿堂，使我对笔译产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。