With独立主格结构大全(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,With,独立主格结构大全,独立主格结构（,Independent Genitive,）有两部分组成，前一部份是,名词,或者代词,，后一部分,是非,谓语动词,(,不定式、动名词和,分词,),或形容词、,副词,、或介词短语,。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。,1,with,引导的独立主格结构非常活跃，虽然它在句子中只作状语，但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。,一、句法结构,1with,名词（代词）介词短语,1,）,He sat there thinking,with hishead in his hand,他双手抱着头，坐在那儿沉思。,2,）,The old man stood there,with his back against the wall,那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。,3,）,Mary was sitting near the fire,with her back towards the door,玛丽,*,近火炉坐着，背对着门。,2,2,with,名词（代词）形容词,1,）,He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open,他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。,2,）,The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery,这人抬起头来，眼里充满了好奇。,3,）,He stood there trembling,with his face red with cold,他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖，脸都冻红了。,3,3,with,名词（代词）副词,1,）,With production up by 60,the company has had other excellent year,产量上升了,60,公司又是一个好年景。,2,）,The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on,这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。,3,）,The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down,这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。,4,）,He put on his socks with the wrong side out,他把袜子穿反了。,4,4,with,名词（代词）名词,1,）,She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion,她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。,2,）,He died with his daughter yet a school girl,去世的时候，女儿还是个中学生。,5,5,with,名词（代词）现在分词,1,）,She stood there chatting with her friend,with her child playing beside her,她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。,2,）,With you helping me whenever I,m in trouble,I feel very lucky,无论我什么时候遇到困难你总是帮助我，我觉得自己真是太幸运了。,6,6,with,名词（代词）过去分词,1,）,I think we can leave with our heads held high.,我认为我们可以高昂着头离开。,2)Theman left Japan with hisheart heart,这个人带着受伤的心离开了日本。,3)He was punished with nothing finished.,他什么都没有完成，受到了惩罚。,7,7,with,名词（代词）不定式,1,）,With 10 minutes to go,you,d better hurry,还有十分钟，你最好快一点。,2,）,With you to lead us,our group is sure to succeed,有你领导我们，我们组肯定能成功。,8,二、,句法功能,【作状语】,with,独立主格结构主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。,例,1,、,With Mary to help him,he is sure to succeed.,有玛丽的帮助，他一定能成功。,【作定语】主要是用作后置定语。,例,2,、,The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks.,这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。,9,三、句法关系,【主表关系】主表关系，这种关系主要是由,with,独立主格结构中的名词和其后的形容词、副词以及介词短语构成。,例,3,、,Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.,妈妈眼含泪水看着我。,【主谓关系】这种关系主要是由,with,独立主格结构中的名词和其后的现在分词构成。,例,4,、,With night coming on,we started for home.,夜幕降临，我们动身回家。,例,5,、,The boy lay on the grass,with his eyes looking at the sky.,小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。,10动宾关系】这种关系主要是由,with,独立主格结构中的名词和其后的过去分词及动词不定式构成的，前者表示“被动、完成”，后者表示“未做、待做”。,例,6,、,With so much work to do,we had to sit up through the night.,有这么多工作要做，我们不得不彻夜不眠。,11,四、句法省略：,【省略特征】,with,独立主格结构中的省略主要是指在“,with+n+,介词短语”结构中的省略，其特点是省去,with,及介词短语中的名词修饰词，也就是：“,n+,介词,+n,”。,例,7,、,She ran to the hero,flowers in hand.,她手里拿着鲜花跑向这位英雄,With,的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用,with,的复合结构。,with+,名词,(,代词,)+,现在分词,/,过去分词,/,形容词,/,副词,/,不定式,/,介词短语,举例,:He stood there,his hand raised.,=He stood there,with his hand raise.,12,1),独立主格结构使用介词的问题：,当介词是,in,时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分,(,如物主代词或冠词,),，也不用复数。但,with,的复合结构不受此限制,A robber burst into the room,knife in hand.,(hand,前不能加,his),。,2),当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。,He lay there,his teeth set,his hand clenched,his eyes looking straight up.,13,The murder was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back,。,A.being tied B.having tied,C.to be tied,D.tied,Weather_,well go out for a walk.,A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting,14,