初中重要英语句型包含词汇短语和语法解释.docx

1.asas 和一样中间必须用形容词或副词原级。例如：This classroom is as big as that这间教室和那间一样大。He runs as fast as Tom. 他和汤姆跑的一样快。否定结构：not as/soas,“不如”。上面的两个句子可分别改为：This classroom is not as/so large as that这间教室不如那间大。He doesnt run as/so fast as Tom.他跑得不如汤姆快。2.as soon as 一就用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。例如：Ill tell him the plan as soon as I see him.我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。Hell go home as soon as he finishes his work.他一完成工作就回家。3.be busy/enjoy/hate/go在enjoy, finish, hate, goLin Tao is busy making a model plane.林涛正忙着做飞机模型。My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper.我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。I hate watching Channel Five.我讨厌看五频道。When someone asked him to have a rest, he just went当有人让他休息一会儿时，他仍继续工作。I have finished writing the story.我已经写完了故事。4.fillwith 用装满.；be filled with 充满了；be full of 充满了.be filled with 说明由外界事物造成的此种状态，表示被动。例如：The box is filled with food.盒子里装满了食物。be full of说明主语处于的状态。此外，还可表示程度，意为“非常”。例如：The patients room is full of flowers.那个病人的房间摆满了花。The young man is full of pride.那个年轻人非常骄傲。这两种结构还可以相互改写。例如：I fill the box with food. The box is full of food.5.be good/bad for 有利于/有害于此句型是：be+adj.+for+n.结构。例如：Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你的健康有益。Always playing computer games is bad for your study.总玩电脑游戏对你的学习不利。6.be used to(doing) sth. 习惯于后必须接名词或动名词，可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态。be 可用get,become来代替。例如：He is used to life in the country.(He is used to living in the country.)他习惯于乡村生活。He will get used to getting up early.他将会习惯于早起。注意：be used to do 的意思是“被用来做”。例如：Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。7.bothand两者都用来连接两个并列成分;当连接两个并列主语时，其后谓语动词用复数。例如：Both the students and the teachers will go to the History Museum tomorrow.不论老师还是学生明天都会去历史博物馆。8.cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事help在此的意思是“抑制,忍住”，其后接动词-ing形式。例如：His joke is too funny. We cant help laughing.他的笑话太有趣了，我们禁不止笑了起来9.sth. costs sb. some money 某物花费某人多少钱此句型的主语是物。cost一词带的是双宾语，它的过去式、过去分词和原型一样。This book cost me five yuan.这本书花了我五元钱。10.eitheror 不是就是,或者或者用来连接两个并列成分，当连接并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。You may either stay here or go home.你可以呆在这儿，也可以回家。Either she or I am right. = Either I or she is right.不是她对就是我对。11.enough (for sb.) to do sth. 足够做在此结构中,for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：The ice isnt thick enough for you to walk这冰还没有厚到你可以在上面走的程度。12.feel like doing sth. 想要做此处like为介词，后面跟动词-ing形式。此句型与would like to do sth.同义。例如：I feel like drinking a cup of milk.我想喝一杯牛奶。13.feel/find/think it adj./n. to do sth. 认为某事在此结构中it为形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语。例如：I find it very interesting to play football.我发现踢足球很有趣。She thinks it her duty to help us.她认为帮助我们是她的职责。14.get ready for sth./ to do sth.get ready for sth.意为“为某事做准备”；get ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事”例如：We are getting ready for the meeting.我们正在为会议做准备。They were getting ready to have a sports meet at that moment.他们那时正准备开运动会。15.get/receive/have a letter from 收到的来信相当于hear from 例如：Did you receive a letter from John?你收到约翰的来信了吗?I got a letter from my brother yesterday.我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封来信。16.had better (not) do sth. 最好(别)做某事had better为情态动词，其后需用动词原形。had better常用缩写，变成d better，其否定形式是在其后直接加not。例如：We had better go now. = Wed better go now.我们最好现在走吧。Youd better not go out because it is windy.今天刮风，你最好别出去了。17.have sth. done 使(某事)完成 (动作由别人完成)sth.为宾语，done为过去分词作补语。例如：We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。注意区分：We have repaired the machine. 我们(自己)已经修好了机器。18.help sb. (to) do sth./with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事其中的to可以省略。例如：I often help my mother with housework.我常常帮助妈妈做家务。Would you please help me (to) look up these words?请你帮助我查查这些词好吗?19.How do you like? 你认为怎么样?与what do you think of ?同义。例如：How do you like the weather in Beijing?你认为北京的天气怎么样? 你觉得这部新电影如何?20.I dont think/believe that 我认我/相信不其中的not是对宾语从句进行否定而不是对主句否定(否定前移)。that可省略。例如：I dont think it will rain.我认为天不会下雨。I dont believe the girl will come.我相信那女孩不会来了。21.It happens that 碰巧相当于happen to do。例如：It happened that I heard their secret.可改写为：I happened to hear their secret.我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。22.Its/has been +一段时间+since从句 自从某时起做某件事情已经一段时间了该句型中since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如：Its twenty years since he came here.他来这里已经20年了。It has been six years since he married Mary.他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。23.It is +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to do sth。例如：Its not easy for us to study English well.对我们来说学好英语并不容易。Its a good idea for us to travel to the south.去南方旅行对我们来说是个好主意。24.Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth.It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正的主语, 当表语(即形容词)能对逻辑主语描述时，常用介词of,而不用for。例如：Its very polite of you to give your seat to old people.你给老人让座，非常有礼貌。25.It seems/appears （to sb） that (在某人看来)好像此句中的it是主语，that引导的是表语从句。例如：It seems that he is lying. 看样子他好像是在撒谎。It appears to me that he never smiles. 在我看来，他从来没有笑过。26.It is +数词+metres/kilometers long/wide 是多少米(公里)长(宽)用来表示物体的长(宽,高)，如数词大于一，名词要用复数。例如：It is 20 metres long from this end to that end. 从这端到那端有二十米长。27.Its time for sb. to do sth. 是某人干某事的时候了it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth. 例如：Its time for the child to go to bed.孩子该睡觉了。比较下面两种结构： Its time for + n. 例如：Its time for school.Its time to do sth. 例如：Its time to go to school.28.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth。例如：It takes her fifteen minutes to walk to the bus stop from here.从这儿走着到公交车站将花费她15分钟。It took the old man three days to finish the work.那个老人花了三天时间完成这项工作。29.keep (on) doing sth. 一直坚持做某事keep doing sth.一般用于静态动词。keepDont keep不要再做这样的傻事了。He kept sitting there all day.他整天坐在那里。30.keepfrom doing sth. 阻止.做某事相当于stopfrom doing sth., preventfrom doing sth. 在主动句中，stop和prevent后面的from可以省略，但在被动结构中，from不可以省略。例如：Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.请别让孩子到海里游泳。The big noise outside my room stopped me from doing my homework.屋外巨大的噪音使我不能做作业。