康明斯柴油发动机 发电机维修保养.doc

康明斯柴油发动机 发电机维修保养
发动机概述重庆康明斯发动机有限公司（CCEC）
重庆康明斯发动机有限公司是中国重型汽车工业公司直属企业。一九八一年与美国康明斯（CUMMINS）发动机有限公司签订NH和K系列发动机生产许可证合同。用该公司柴油机的设计与技术制造专利，制造NH和K两系列高速柴油机。1995年10月1日又与美国康明斯（CUMMINS）发动机有限公司合资生产NH、K和M11三大系列的发动机，其功率范围为195--1800马力。
N系列功率范围146--358KW（195--480马力），主要用于工程机械、动力发电、船用、重型卡车、轨道车和石油机械。
K系列系列功率范围336--1343KW（450--1800马力），主要用于矿用、、动力发电、船用、轨道车和石油机械。
M11系列功率范围168--261KW（225--350马力），主要用于工程机械、大客车、重型卡车和动力发电。
我公司现有员工2000余人，注册资本417,600,000元人民币，合资期限为30年，合资双方各占50%的股份。
我公司对满足您的需求充满信心。本公司是一家以鼓励专业技术人员发展、保证产品质量和保证用户满意为主要使命，并以市场为导向的合资公司。
美国康明斯发动机有限公司
美国康明斯发动机有限公司于1919年成立于美国印第安纳州哥伦布市，生产单缸1.5马力、3马力、6马力汽油发动机。
公司创建人是C.L康明斯，他曾经是地方银行家W.G.欧文先生的汽车司机，在第一次世界大战期间，他经营一家小型机器工场，当赫尔卡斯发动机公司及其合作者决定生产1.5马力与3马力发动机时，他们请康明斯来负责管理。他说服欧文先生为生产新发动机提供资金，欧文先生后来成为康明斯公司的第一届董事长。当若干家小公司（工场）合并时，康明斯拥有20%的股份，而其他人拥有的股份都没有超过10%，由于C.L康明斯的不懈努力，公司得以日益发达，这样康明斯就成为了公司的创建人。
康明斯公司发展到现在已是一个拥有2万多人的大公司。该公司在美国、英国、巴西、印度、墨西哥、日本、南朝鲜、俄罗斯、中国等国家和地区设有生产厂和协作厂。现在该公司年净销售额为20多亿美元，年净收益近2亿美元
。
康明斯公司的产品介绍
产品系列：康明斯产品系列有NH，小V，V--903，大V，K等，新开发的产品有L10，M11，B系列，C系列等
NH系列柴油机：
NH系列发动机是康明斯公司的主要产品。它虽然属于较老的产品，但由于不断改进的结果，仍具有先进的指标。H发动机是三十年代设计的，在四十年中，它的主要结构保持不变，而在性能上则不断有所改进。由H系列发展为NH系列，至今仍是世界上的名牌产品，是美国重型载重车使用最多的发动机之一。
在七十年代，该公司的NH发动机采用了大直径凸轮轴的设计方案，凸轮轴轴径由2英寸50.8毫米）增大为2.5英寸（63.5毫米），凸轮轴轴径加大，可增大凸轮轴本身的刚度。PT供油系统中，喷油器的喷油是由凸轮轴来驱动的，凸轮轴刚度增强，就可采用较高的喷油的压力，这样就缩短了喷油期，从而改善燃烧状况，提高燃油经济性，降低排气污染。
K系列发动机
康明斯公司为适应重型汽车发展的需要，专门研制出K系列柴油发动机。该公司在1969年开始设计K6和KV12增压中冷机型，至1978年达文垂厂投产KV16发动机，前后大约用了30年时间完成了整个K系列柴油机的开发研制与投产工作，K系列柴油机的研制成功，为该公司进一步打开重型汽车市场创造了良好的条件。
K系列发动机缸径与冲程之比为1，即所谓“方型结构”，以获得最紧凑的外型总布置。K系列发动机的功率范围450—1800马力，缸径159mm，冲程159mm（6¼″），单缸排量约为3.1升，额定功率转速是2100r/min，有直列6缸、V型12缸、V型16缸等机型，V型夹角为60°。
K系列发动机的特点：
（1）可以满足30吨级至50吨级重型汽车或250KW至1000KW发电机组对功率配套的要求，现在在船机方面的应用也广泛。
（2）具有较高的工作可靠性与耐久性：由于设计中注意提高结构的强度与刚度，同时又控制了强化程度，因而提高了K系列发动机的可靠性与耐久性，可很好地满足用户要求。
（3）保养简易，维修方便：重型汽车使用工况恶劣，露天作业灰土多、风砂大、海拔高。因此，要求发动机保养简易，维修方便。K系列发动机在设计时充分考虑了这些使用特点，采取了许多便于维修保养及延长使用寿命的措施。如：采用可更换式结构设计。单缸一盖的汽缸盖，采用齿轮系驱动附件的结构设计，采用全压力润滑及内部钻润滑油道的结构，使用该公司特有的PT供油系统等。
（4）结构紧凑，重量轻。
（5）燃油经济性好。
（6）零部件通用性高：由于K6和KV是同时设计的，设计时充分的考虑了其零部件的通用性，所以整个K系列的零部件通用性很高。K6和KV的通用件达到85%，零部件通用性高有利于降低制造成本减少配件的库存量。
M11发动机
M11发动机是美国康明斯公司最新研制生产的一款四冲程水冷柴油发动机，其缸径为125毫米，冲程为147毫米，排量为10.8升，净质量为980千克，现行功率为：225—350马力；最低燃油消耗率为：196克/千瓦.小时，最低机油消耗为：57克/小时；其经济性和排放标准均达到世界一流水平。
M11主要设计特点
1. 进气方式：采用增压中冷，提高进气压力、降低进气温度。
2. 气门设置：采用四气门（两进两排）增大气道截面。
3. 燃油系统：采用PT系统，加STC装置。实现低压输送，高压喷射；两极喷油正时。
4. 活塞形式：采用铰接式—钢制冠部，铝制裙部；ω形燃烧室。
5. 管道布置：尽可能采用内置式，提高使用可靠性。
B系列发动机
B与C都是康明斯公司小型柴油机的两个系列。每个系列都具有很大的配套灵活性及适用性，燃油经济性好，适用于中等重量级车辆和中小型工程机械。
B系列柴油机的功率范围从56马力至186马力。有3缸、4缸、6缸型发动机，其缸径为4.02″（102mm )，冲程为4.72″（120mm）
C系列发动机
C系列柴油机的功率范围从158马力至250马力，只有6缸一种机型，缸径为4.49″（114mm），冲程为5.32″（135 mm)。
B与C系列发动机在1985年向市场正式提供产品，它们与同类产品相比，重量要轻20%、功率高出15%、零件数量减少25%，而它们的燃油消耗量是同档产品中最低的。
康明斯发动机的主要特点
1. 体积小、功率大、比重量低。
2. 扭矩大，扭矩升值高。
3. 功率复盖面广。
4. 从七十年代以来的产品如：小V、V903、K系列等都采用短行程。
5. 平均有效压力及活塞平均速度都部太高，升功率指标较先进。
6. 广泛采用增压，最近设计的产品已基本没有非增压型号。
7. 全部发动机都是四冲程循环。
8. 可靠性、燃油经济性指标较好。
9. 在满足环境保护法规方面享有盛誉。（如：噪音、排放、烟度）
10.发动机结构上有下列特点：
（1）大部分装有该公司特有的PT燃油系统（B、C系列除外）
（2）都采用ω燃烧室。
（3）凸轮从动件都是滚轮式。
（4）燃油及机油通道绝大部分都钻在缸体及缸盖内。
（5）湿式汽缸套，汽缸套经磷化处理。
（6）曲轴用合金钢锻造，轴颈感应淬火。
（7）所有活塞第一道环槽均有镍合金铸铁镶座，以提高环槽寿命。

Cummins diesel engine generator maintenance
Engine Overview Chongqing Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. (CCEC)
Chongqing Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. is a Chinese heavy automobile industry enterprises directly under. NH and K series engine production license contract signed with the United States Cummins (CUMMINS) Engine Co., Ltd. in 1981. The patented design and technology of the company's diesel engine manufacturing, the manufacture of high-speed diesel engine, NH and K series. October 1, 1995 with U.S. Cummins (CUMMINS) Engine Co., Ltd. joint venture production of NH, K and M11 three series engine power range of 195 - 1800 hp.
N series power range of 146 - 358KW (195 - 480 hp), mainly used in engineering machinery, power generation, marine, heavy trucks, rail cars and petroleum machinery.
The K Series series power range 336 - 1343KW (450 - 1800 hp), mainly used in mining, power generation, marine, rail cars and petroleum machinery.
M11 series power range of 168 - 261KW (225 - 350 hp), mainly used in construction machinery, buses, heavy trucks and dynamic power.
My company has more than 2,000 employees, registered capital of RMB 417,600,000 yuan, the joint venture period of 30 years, the partners 50% of the shares.
Company to meet your needs confidence. The company is a professional and technical personnel in order to encourage development, to ensure product quality and ensure customer satisfaction as the main mission, and market-oriented joint venture.
Cummins Engine Co., Ltd.
Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. was established in 1919 in Columbus, Indiana, USA production single cylinder 1.5 hp, 3 hp, 6 hp gasoline engine.
Founded CL Cummins, he was once a local banker, Mr. WG Owen, the driver of the car during the First World War, he operated a small machinery workshop, When Hull Fidel engine company and its partners decided to produce the 1.5 hp with 3-horsepower engine, Cummins is responsible for the management. He persuaded Mr. Owen to provide funding for the production of new engines, Mr. Owen was later to become the first chairman of the Cummins. When the merger of a number of small companies (Workshop), Cummins has 20% of the shares, the shares owned by the other person did not exceed 10%, due to the tireless efforts of the CL Cummins, companies have increasingly developed, such as Cummins has become a the company's founder.
Cummins development of the company is a large companies with more than 20,000 people. The company has a production factory and cooperative factories in the United States, Britain, Brazil, India, Mexico, Japan, South Korea, Russia, China and other countries and regions. The company's annual net sales of more than 20 billion U.S. dollars, annual net profit of nearly $ 200 million
.
Cummins Products
Product Series: Cummins product series NH, V-, V - 903, large V-K, etc., the newly developed products L10, M11, series B, C, series, etc.
NH Series Diesel Engine:
NH series engine is the Cummins company's main products. Although it belongs to the older products, but as a result of continuous improvement, still has the advanced indicators. H engine is designed in the thirties, in four decades, its main structure remains unchanged, while continuous improvements in performance. By the H-series development for the NH series, is still the world's brand-name products, is one of the U.S. heavy truck engine.
In the 1970s, the company's NH engine uses the design of large-diameter camshaft, camshaft shaft diameter from 2 inches (50.8 mm) increased to 2.5 inches (63.5 mm), increasing camshaft shaft diameter can be increased camshaft itself stiffness. PT oil supply system, the injector fuel injection is driven by the camshaft, cam shaft stiffness enhancement, you can use higher injection pressure, thus reducing the fuel injection period, thereby improving combustion conditions, improve fuel economy and reduce exhaust pollution.
K series engine
Cummins K series diesel engines specially developed to meet the needs of the development of heavy-duty vehicles, In 1969, the company began to design models K6 and KV12 pressurized cold to KV16 engines to 1978 Davenport vertical plant put into operation about 30 years before and after the completion of the entire K series engine developed and put into work, K Series The successful development of the diesel engine, the company further open the heavy-duty vehicle market to create good conditions.
K-series engine bore and stroke ratio is 1, the so-called "square structure" in order to obtain the most compact size layout. K series engine power range of 450-1800 horsepower, bore 159mm, stroke 159mm (6 ¼ "), single-cylinder displacement of about 3.1 liters, rated power speed is 2100r/min, inline 6-cylinder, V-12 cylinder, V- 16-cylinder, and other models, the V-shaped angle 60 °.
K series engine features:
(1) to meet the 30-ton to 50 ton heavy-duty vehicles or 250KW to 1000KW generator set power matching requirements, in respect of ship machines are also widely used.
(2) has a high reliability and durability: The attention to improving the strength and stiffness of the structure, design and control the degree of enhancement, thus increasing reliability and durability of the K series engine, can be good to meet user requirements.
(3) Easy maintenance, easy maintenance: heavy-duty vehicles using the working conditions poor, open-air operations dust, wind and sand, high above sea level. Therefore, the requirements of engine maintenance is simple, and easy maintenance. K series engine in the design, take full account of these use characteristics, and has taken many measures to ease of maintenance and durability. Such as: the replacement structure design. The single-cylinder cover, cylinder head, using the structural design of the gear-driven accessories, full pressure lubrication and internal structure of the drilling lubricant Road, the use of the unique PT oil supply system.
(4) compact and light weight.
(5), good fuel economy.
(6) common parts Height: K6 and KV is designed at the same time, designed with full consideration of the versatility of its components, so the high versatility of the K series parts Common parts of the K6 and KV up to 85%, high common parts help reduce manufacturing costs and reduce the inventory of accessories.
M11 engine
The latest development and production of the U.S. Cummins M11 engine is a four-stroke water-cooled diesel engines, the bore of 125 mm, stroke 147 mm, a displacement of 10.8 liters, the net mass of 980 kg, the existing power :225-350 hp ; the lowest fuel consumption rate: 196 g / kW-hour, minimum oil consumption: 57 g / h; its economy and emissions standards are world-class level.
M11 main design features
1. Aspiration: turbocharged and intercooled increase the inlet pressure, reduce the intake air temperature.
2 valve settings: four valves (two rows) increases airway cross-section.
(3) Fuel system: PT system, plus STC installations. Conveying low pressure, high pressure jet; bipolar injection timing.
Piston in the form: articulated - steel crown and aluminum skirt; of ω-shaped combustion chamber.
Piping: built-in as much as possible to improve the operational reliability.
B series engine
Small B and C are the Cummins diesel engine of the two series. Each series has a lot of supporting the flexibility and applicability of fuel economy for medium heavy vehicles and small and medium-sized construction machinery.
B series diesel engine power range from 56 hp to 186 hp. 3-cylinder, 4-cylinder, six-cylinder engines, their Bore 4.02 "(102mm), the stroke is 4.72" (120mm)
C-series engines
C series diesel engine power range from 158 hp to 250 hp, 6-cylinder kind of model, cylinder bore is 4.49 "(114mm) stroke of 5.32" (135 mm).
B and C series engines to the market in 1985 to provide products, they are compared with similar products, lighter by 20%, 15% higher power, the number of parts is reduced by 25%, while fuel consumption is of the same products the lowest.
The main features of Cummins Engine
(1) small size and big power, low specific weight.
(2) torque, torque appreciation.
Power covering a wide range.
4 products since the 1970s, such as: V, V903, K series and so a short trip.
Mean effective pressure and piston average speed of the Ministry of too high, the index of output per liter is more advanced.
Widely used pressurized, the recent design of products has been basically non-supercharged model.
7 All engines are four-stroke cycle.
Reliability, fuel economy is better.
Meet the environmental regulations reputation. (Such as: noise, emissions, smoke)
10 engine structure has the following features:
(1) equipped with a PT fuel system of the company-specific (B, C series).
(2) ω combustion chamber.
(3) cam follower roller.
(4) Fuel and oil channel the vast majority of drilling in the cylinder block and cylinder head.
(5) wet cylinder liners, cylinder liners by phosphate treatment.
(6) crankshaft alloy steel forging, the journal induction hardening.
(7) all piston ring groove has a nickel-alloy cast iron insert seat, in order to improve the life of the ring groove.