高考英语词法之名词基础知识点归纳总结.pdf

1 高考英语词法之名词基础知识点归纳总结高考英语词法之名词基础知识点归纳总结 单选题 1、My brother is a policeman.划线成分是_ A主语 B谓语 C宾语 D表语 2、The police ordered him not to leave the city without _.AatmosphereBbaconCcuriosityDpermission 3、He cant be a doctor,for the _ of blood always makes him feel sick.AsightBlookCviewDform 4、To the great _ of the citizens,no one else was infected with the coronavirus except the 136 confirmed cases.ArelaxationBdisappointmentCreliefDsurprise 5、The US said it was ready to join the _ between the six countries and Iran.AtranslationBdeterminationCdefinitionDnegotiation 6、Professor Wang offered two graduate courses last _.AflashBteenagerCsemesterDfocus 7、The athletes are anxiously waiting for the final _ of the game,because it is essential for them to go into the next round.AoutcomeBoutlineCcomebackDcooperation 8、Now I know that the proper way is always her way.AobjectBobject complementCpredicativeDattribute 9、Life is full of _,so we must think clearly about how to make them before deciding.AchoicesBcandlesCcolorsDcompetitions 2 10、We have entered into age _humans are concerned about animal welfare.AthatBwhenCwhichDwhile 11、The lockdown hobbled Indias economy and its GDP recorded the sharpest _ in its history.AmotionBdissatisfactionCconservationDcontraction 12、In our mind,Professor Wang is a learned and kind man,so we showed our _for him.AattentionBrespectCstruggleDrequest 13、Because of the tight_ and heavy workload of Grade 12,many students have to make use of their lunch break to finish homework.AscheduleBpressureCperformanceDimpression 14、Miss Sweets smile always makes me feel warm and lively.Its like a hidden _ to me.AtreasureBtraditionCinterviewDcompetition 15、The winner will receive _ of books.Aa ten pound worthBten pound worthyCten pounds worthDten pounds worthy 16、The selection process in the job market is based on standard tests of _ and experience.AconceptBcrewCcompetenceDcruelty 17、As a soldier,he showed selfless_ to duty.AdevotionBconservationCassumptionDcomparison 18、Some experts claim that the_ of students should cover more aspects,such as activity involvement and teamwork contributions.AadmissionBassessmentCawarenessDambition 19、We made him our monitor.划线成分是_ A宾语 B定语 C状语 D宾补 3 20、The sunrise is a beautiful _ in the morning.AtraditionBgravityCsceneDdessert 21、Despite years of _ from publishers,she persevered in her attempt to establish herself as a writer.AenduranceBrejectionCblessingDcompanionship 22、This new variety of music is a _ _ around the world.Aphenomenon;spreadsBphenomena;spreading Cphenomenon;spreadingDphenomena;spread 23、Procrastination can often pose_to peoples ability_their goals successfully,which is evident,for example,in the fact that it is associated with receiving worse grades at school.Aa question of pursuingBan obstacle to pursue Ca dilemma to pursueDa hindrance to pursuing 24、As an experienced cook,her main cooking _ is to use only fresh ingredients.AinnovationBphilosophyCtrendDsample 25、We will be posting a series of _ regularly form now on so those who read our posts wont be concerned about us.AissuesBupdatesCdescriptionsDschedules 26、Weve made our plans,and now we must put them into _.AfactBpracticeCrealityDdeed 27、Dont scold him.He was just trying to do a good _.AthingBactCmannerDdeed 28、More recently,the internationalization of financial markets,the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the _to“small”languages.4 AthreatBsiteCrangeDextinction 29、Working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist,so this has been _ for me.Aa successBsucceedCsuccessDis successful 30、Im sure his speech has had a great _ on the people there.Yes,they were deeply moved.AimpactBadvanceCharmonyDaccommodation 31、Patience is an important_ of a happy and rewarding life.After all,there is always something worth waiting for in our life.AlessonBexperienceCpurposeDquality 32、The _ of the pain can be easily achieved but the disease can be hardly cured.AharmonyBrelaxationCreliefDease 33、It might be very difficult to find the _ of the information.AcauseBresourceCcourseDsource 34、We have all come into the world with a/an _ in life and we can all contribute to making the world a better place.AmissionBsubstanceCauthorityDcollision 35、Dieting and exercising can bring your weight under control but you must stick to your plan with _.AinsightBperseveranceCconfirmationDachievement 36、Police have arrested a _ in a series of killing in the city.AsuspectBconflictCvirus 37、I owe you a(an)_for having kept you waiting for such a long time.AjudgmentBargumentCapologyDintention 5 38、The present _ of education needs improving.AsystemBdawnCcometDvitamin 39、The boss has _in solving such a problem.Amany experiencesBmany experienced Cmuch experiencedDmuch experience 40、As senior three students,we had better follow the _as much as possible from our teachers and parents;although they are a bit nagging（唠叨）,indeed we are expected to make _ in all aspects.Aadvice;progressBadvices;progressCadvices;progressesDadvice;progresses 41、Lack of mutual_not only gets in the way of your work,but it can also_your relationships and your self-esteem.Acomment differBrespect damage Cbenefit destroyDexpectation decorate 42、The students are having a(n)_on whether children should attend tutorial classes or not after school.AencounterBdebateCimpactDreaction 43、The stronger the _ is,the more quickly a man will learn a new skill.In other words,it is up to whether he has an interest in it.AmotivationBcooperationCqualificationDinteraction 44、The car factory has produced a new car of high quality;its only _ is that it uses a lot of petrol.AadvantageBprofitCmistakeDdrawback 45、The first warning was from a _station further in the harbor telling me to stop,that we were approaching danger.AsighBsignCsignalDimage 6 7 高考英语词法之名词_018 参考答案 1、答案：D 解析：考查句子成分。句意：我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，“my brother”为主语，is 为系动词，“a policeman”在系动词后作表语。故选 D。2、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察命令他未经允许不得离开这座城市。A.atmosphere 气氛；B.bacon 熏肉；C.curiosity 好奇心；D.permission 许可。由 The police ordered him 可知，此处应该是“未经允许不得离开这座城市”，permission 符合句意。故选 D 项。3、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不可能是医生，因为看到血总是让他感到恶心。A.sight 看见；B.look 眼神，样子；C.view 看法；D.form 形式。根据“makes him feel sick.”可知，看到血总是让他感到恶心。故选 A 项。4、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：令市民大为宽慰的是，除了 136 例确诊病例外，没有其他人感染了冠状病毒。A.relaxation 放松；B.disappointment 失望；C.relief 解脱、宽慰；D.surprise 惊讶。结合“no one else was infected with the coronavirus”可知，知晓无其他人感染冠状病毒，市民肯定大感宽慰。故选 C 项。5、答案：D 解析：8 考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国表示，它已准备好参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。A.translation 翻译；B.determination 决心；C.definition 定义；D.negotiation 谈判。根据“between the six countries and Iran.”可知，此处表示参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。故选 D。6、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：王教授上学期开了两门研究生课程。A.flash 闪现；B.teenager 青少年；C.semester学期；D.focus 焦点。由上文“Professor Wang offered two graduate courses last”可知，王教授是在上学期开了两门研究生课程，故选 C。7、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：运动员们正在焦急地等待着比赛的最终结果，因为这是进入下一轮所必需的。A.outcome 结果；B.outline 概述；C.comeback 重返；D.cooperation 合作。根据句意本句指比赛结果。故选 A。8、答案：C 解析：考查句子结构。句意：现在我知道，正确的方式永远是她的方式。分析句子可知，关系词 that 引导的是宾语从句，作谓语动词 know 的宾语，从句中 the proper way 为主语，is 是系动词，her way 作系动词 is 的表语，所以划线处为从句的表语。故选 C 项。9、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活中充满了选择，所以我们必须在做出决定之前仔细地考虑清楚要如何做出选择。A.choices 选择；B.candles 蜡烛；C.colors 颜色；D.competitions 竞争。根据后文的 we must think clearly about how to make them before deciding 可推断，此处指生活中充满了“选择”，所以才需要在做出决定之前仔细地考 9 虑清楚要如何选择。故选 A 项。10、答案：B 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了关心动物福利的时代。先行词 age，后接限定性定语从句，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词引导从句。故选 B 项。11、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：封锁令印度经济陷入困境，其 GDP 出现了历史上最严重的收缩。A.motion 运动；B.dissatisfaction 不满；C.conservation 保护；D.contraction 收缩。根据 The lockdown hobbled Indias economy 及常识可知，封锁使经济陷入困境，从而造成了 GDP 的收缩（contraction）。故选 D 项。12、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们心目中，王教授是一个博学的，和蔼的人，因此，我们对他很尊敬。A.attention 注意；B.respect 尊敬；C.struggle 斗争；D.request 请求。根据“Professor Wang is a learned and kind man”可知，在我们心目中，王教授是一个博学的，和蔼的人，因此，我们对他很尊敬。show our respect for（向某人表敬意）可知，选 B。13、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于 12 年级的时间紧课业重，很多学生不得不利用午休时间完成作业。A.schedule时间表；B.pressure 压力；C.performance 表现；D.impression 印象。由语意可知，很多学生不得不利用午休时间完成作业，说明他们的时间安排紧张。故选 A 项。14、答案：A 10 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯威特小姐的微笑总是让我感到温暖和活泼。对我来说，它就像一个隐藏的宝藏。A.treasure 宝藏；B.tradition 传统；C.interview 采访；D.competition 竞争。根据“Miss Sweets smile always makes me feel warm and lively.”可知，斯威特小姐的微笑总是让我感到温暖和活泼，这对于我来说应该是像一个隐藏的宝藏。故选 A 项。15、答案：C 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：获胜者将得到价值 10 英镑的书籍。worth 价值，为名词，通常 worth 后面跟着 of，而且句子里一般含有具体金钱数额。ten pounds后接名词，而 worthy 是形容词，故选 C。16、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：就业市场上的选择过程是基于标准能力测试和经验。A.concept 概念，定义；B.crew 全体船员，全体机组人员；C.competence 能力；D.cruelty 残忍，残酷。根据语意以及下文“experience”可知，就业市场的选择标准是依据求职人的能力和经验。故选 C 项。17、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名士兵，他表现出了对职责的无私奉献。A.devotion 贡献；B.conservation 保存，保持；C.assumption 假定；D.comparison 比较。根据 selfless 和 to duty 可知，此处是指对职责的无私奉献。故选 A。18、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些专家称学生评估应该包含更多方面，例如参与活动和团队贡献。A.admission 11 承认；B.assessment 评估；C.awareness 意识；D.ambition 抱负。根据“such as activity involvement and teamwork contributions.”可知，此处是指对学生的评估。故选 B。19、答案：D 解析：考查句子成分。句意：我们选他当班长。句子中，动词 made 为谓语，him 为宾语，our monitor 意为“我们的班长”，对宾语作补充说明，为宾语补足语。故选 D。20、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：早晨的日出是一幅美丽的景色。A.tradition 传统；B.gravity 重力；C.scene 景色；D.dessert 甜点。根据“The sunrise”可知，日出是一幅美丽的景色。故选 C。21、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管多年来遭到出版商的拒绝，她仍坚持要成为一名作家。A.endurance 耐力，持久力；B.rejection 拒绝，抛弃；C.blessing 祝福，祈祷，福祉；D.companionship 友谊，情谊。根据句意可知，rejection“拒绝，抛弃”，符合题意。故选 B 项。22、答案：C 解析：考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：这种新的音乐形式正在世界各地传播。根据不定冠词 a，此处用单数名词phenomenon（现象）。分析句子结构，空格二用非谓语动词，与前面名词 phenomenon 构成主动关系，用现在分词形式，spreading 符合题意。故选 C 项。23、答案：B 12 解析：考查名词和非谓语。句意：拖延症往往会给人们成功追求目标的能力带来阻碍，这一点很明显，例如，拖延症与学校成绩较差有关。A.a question of pursuing“问题；追求”B.an obstacle to pursue“阻碍；追求”C.a dilemma to pursue“困境；追求”D.a hindrance to pursuing“阻碍；追求”。固定搭配 ones ability to do sth“某人的做某事的能力”，故排除选项 A 和 D。在根据句意，拖延症是会阻碍成功的。故选 B。24、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个经验丰富的厨师，她的主要烹饪哲学是只使用新鲜的食材。A.innovation创新；B.philosophy 哲学；C.trend 趋势；D.sample 样本。根据“is to use only fresh ingredients”可知，空处应使用名词 philosophy，表达“哲学、理念”之意，其他选项不符合题意。故选 B 项。25、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从现在开始，我们将定期发布一系列最新消息，以便那些阅读我们的帖子的人不总挂念我们。A.issues 发行；B.updates 最新消息；C.descriptions 描写；D.schedules 计划。根据句意可知，为了那些阅读我们的帖子的人不总挂念我们，所以要定期发布一系列最新消息，所以此处表示“最新消息”，应用updates，故选 B。26、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已订好计划，现在必须付诸实施。A.fact 事实；B.practice 实践；C.reality 现实；D.deed 行动。根据上文“Weve made our plans,and now we must put them into”指把计划付诸实施应用 put into practice。故选 B。27、答案：D 13 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：别骂他，他只是想做一件好事。A.thing 事情；B.act 行为；C.manner 举止；D.deed 行为；事迹。根据上文“He was just trying to do a good”可知，此处表示“做一件好事”，应用固定搭配 do a good deed，故选 D。28、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，金融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化的其他方面都加剧了对“小”语言的威胁。A.threat 威胁；B.site 地点；遗址；C.range 范围；D.extinction 灭绝。根据句意可知，金融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化会促进语言的统一，因此会威胁到小语言，导致其消失。故选A。29、答案：A 解析：考查名词。句意：写这篇论文是我成为记者的第一步，所以这对我来说是成功的。A:a success 一件成功的事;B:succeed 成功;C:success 成功;D:is successful 是成功的;结合句意，this 指代上句“Working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist,”（写这篇论文是我成为记者的第一步）是指的具体一件成功的事，为抽象名词具体化。故选 A。30、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信他的演讲对那里的人们有很大的影响。是的，他们被深深地打动了。A.impact 影响；B.advance 进步；C.harmony 和谐；D.accommodation 住处。根据“they were deeply moved.”可知，演讲对那里的人们有很大的影响。故选 A 项。31、答案：D 14 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：耐心是快乐而有意义的生活的重要品质。毕竟，在我们的生活中总有一些值得等待的东西。A.lesson 课程；B.experience 经历；C.purpose 目的；D.quality 品质。根据上文“Patience is an important”指耐心是重要品质，应用 quality。故选 D。32、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：减轻疼痛很容易，但疾病很难治愈。A.harmony 和谐；B.relaxation 放松；C.relief减轻；D.ease 舒适。根据后文“of the pain can be easily achieved but the disease can be hardly cured”可知指减轻疼痛应用 relief，故选 C。33、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：要找到这个信息的来源可能很困难。A.cause 原因；B.resource 资源；C.course 课程；D.source 来源。根据句意可知，要找到这个信息的来源可能很困难。故选 D 项。34、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都带着人生的使命来到这个世界，我们都可以为让世界变得更美好做出贡献。A.mission 使命；B.substance 物质；C.authority 权力；D.collision 碰撞。根据句意可知，“为让世界变得更美好而做出贡献”应该是我们每个人的使命，“mission”意为“使命”，名词词性，符合句意。故选 A 项。35、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：节食和锻炼可以控制你的体重，但你必须用毅力坚持你的计划。A.insight 洞察力，领悟；B.perseverance 毅力；C.confirmation 证明，证实；D.achievement 成就。由空前“you must stick to your 15 plan”可知，因为要坚持计划，所以空处需用名词 perseverance，表示用毅力坚持计划。故选 B。36、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方在该市的一系列谋杀案中逮捕了嫌疑犯。A.suspect 嫌疑犯；B.conflict 矛盾；C.virus 病毒。根据“a series of killing in the city”，可知此处是指抓到了一个嫌疑犯。故选 A。37、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：让你等了这么长时间，我该向你道歉。A.judgment 判断，判决；B.argument 争论；C.apology 道歉；D.intention 意图，目的。由语意可知，让你等了这么长时间，这里表达歉意，apology“道歉”，符合题意。故选 C 项。38、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前的教育制度需要改进。A.system 制度；B.dawn 黎明；C.comet 彗星；D.vitamin 维生素。由 of education 可知，此处指“教育制度”，system 符合句意。故选 A 项。39、答案：D 解析：考查名词。句意：老板在解决这样的问题上有丰富的经验。空处为宾语，应用名词，名词 experience 意为“经验”时是不可数名词，意为“经历”时是可数名词，根据句意可知，此处表示“有很多经验”，不可数名词用 much修饰，故选 D。40、答案：A 解析：16 考查名词。句意：作为高三的学生，我们尽可能多地听取老师和家长的建议；虽然他们有点唠叨，但我们确实有望在各方面取得进步。advice（建议）和 progress（进步）都是不可数名词，故选 A。41、答案：B 解析：考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作，还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”，differ“有区别，有分歧”；respect“尊敬”，damage“损害；伤害”；benefit“益处；好处”，destroy“毁坏”；expectation“期待”，decorate“装饰”。根据句意，相互不尊重会妨碍工作，也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选 B。小提示：42、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生们正在进行一场有关孩子是否应该上课后辅导班的辩论赛。A.encounter 遇见；B.debate 辩论；C.impact 影响；D.reaction 反应。由句意可知，学生们正在辩论孩子是否应该上课后辅导班。故选 B 项。43、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：动力越强，一个人学习新技能的速度就越快。换句话说，这取决于他是否对此感兴趣。A.motivation 动力；动机；B.cooperation 合作；C.qualification 资格；D.interaction 相互作用。根据“whether he has an interest in it”可知，感兴趣就会有动力。故选 A 项。44、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家汽车厂生产了一款高质量的新车；它唯一的缺点是耗油量大。A.advantage 有 17 利条件，优势；B.profit 利益，好处；C.mistake 错误，过失；D.drawback 缺点，不利条件。由语意可知，新车有一个缺点，drawback 符合语境，在句子作主语。故选 D 项。45、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一个警告来自港口远处的一个信号站，告诉我停下来，我们正接近危险。A.sigh叹气，叹息；B.sign 签名，迹象，符号；C.signal 信号灯；（无线电）讯号，信号；D.image 形象，印象。根据句意和各项词义，signal station，意为“信号站”，能对来往船只发出危险、警告等信号，signal 作 station 的定语，符合语境，故选 C 项。