当代大学生网络心理问题及其对策.docx

　　网络是一把多刃剑，在给当代大学生生活、学习和交际等方面带来诸多的方便和益处的同时，也带来了一系列问题。网络心理问题作为这些问题之一，给大学生本身和学校学风建设等带来很多的危害，引起了学界、教育界的广泛关注。[1]如何解决网络心理问题，提升大学生网络素养已经成为社会各界一致的共识。因此，研讨和解决当代大学生网络心理问题具有十分重要的现实意义、学术意义和理论意义。笔者拟在简述当代大学生网络心理问题的表现、危害及其成因的基础上，分析网络心理问题给高校心理健康教育和思想政治教育工作带来的机遇与挑战，并提出解决大学生网络心理问题的多维路径与具体措施。

　　一、当代大学生网络心理问题的表现、危害与成因

　　网络时代的到来使当代大学生网络行为多样化，网络购物、网络娱乐、网络学习、网络聊天等都反映了当代大学生人生观和价值观的特殊性。[2]其中，网络语言的变化反映了大学生的心态变迁，从中也可以看到大学生网络心理问题的滋长。这些心理问题已经给当代大学生的心理、学习和人格、价值观、人生观、生活等带来了很多的危害。造成这些严重后果的原因是多方面的，值得社会各界思考和研究。

　　（一）当代大学生网络心理问题的表现及其危害

　　当代大学生目前的网络语言和网络行为反映了当代青年大学生诸多的网络心理问题，其中比较严重和典型的是不负责任的心态、网络沉迷、网络依恋、网络厌学、网络孤独症网络自卑、自我认同碎片化等。这些不同程度不同层面的网络心理问题给当代大学生带来诸多的危害，妨碍了大学生道德精神的健康成长，影响了大学生心理健康的正常发展，阻碍了大学生健全人格的形成和发展，扭曲了大学生的人生观、价值观，撕裂了大学生的自我认同感。这说明当代大学生网络心理发展现状与健康心理的标准要求还有很大一段距离，这也提醒了高校还有很多心理健康教育工作要做。[3]

　　（二）当代大学生网络心理问题的成因

　　造成大学生网络心理问题的原因不是单方面的，是多种因素共同作用的结果。其中，既有网络环境本身建设和监管不到位的外在原因，也有学校对大学生网络心理方面教育缺位的原因，还与大学生本人自控力、自调力不强有关。其中，网络环境的建设和监管不到位导致很多非法、不健康的信息充斥其中，极大地污染了当代大学生的心灵世界。而学校教育包括学科专业教育和思想政治教育，很多学校只重视学科专业教育，对大学生网络心理问题不够重视，还没有真正形成一套解决问题的办法；大学生本身具有个性强的特点，喜欢自由的网络环境，不主动和积极地控制自己的网络行为、网络语言和网络生活，这样难免引发诸多的心理问题。

　　二、当代大学生网络心理给高校学生教育工作带来的挑战与机遇

　　当代大学生网络心理问题给当今我国高校心理健康教育工作和思想政治工作带来很多挑战，比如教育理念、教育模式方式、教育内容等，其实这也为当今高校心理健康教育和思想政治教育的升级转型发展提供了新的机遇，具体情况如下：

　　第一，教育理念层面的挑战与机遇。当代大学生网络心理问题的出现对当下高校心理健康教育和思想政治教育提出了新要求，要求构建网络化和信息化的教育理念。

　　第二，教师主导性地位的挑战与机遇。网络的出现，导致了大学生网络心理问题，这给高校教师的主导地位带来挑战。高校教师要重新定位自身的角色，主动调整自己的主导地位。与此同时，网络的发展也给高校教师带来了提高自身教育能力的机遇。

　　第三，教育内容层面的挑战与机遇。大学生网络心理问题作为一种全新的心理问题，对现今高校心理健康教育和思想政治教育的内容构成体系提出了新的要求，要求高校将网络心理问题一并纳入大学生心理健康教育体系和思想政治教育体系，这也丰富了高校教育内容体系。

　　三、破解当代大学生网络心理问题的多维路径

　　当代大学生网络心理问题应该成为高校心理健康教育和思想政治教育的重要内容和课题。引发当代大学生网络心理问题的因素是多方面的，牵涉的层面也很多，因此，解决当代大学生网络心理问题需要学校、教师、家庭和学生本人共同努力。具体说来，学校层面、教师层面、家庭层面和学生层面应该积极采取以下针对性对策，努力构建起当代大学生网络心理问题解决的长效机制，推动当代大学生网络心理健康成长。

　　（一）学校层面和教师层面应该采取的措施

　　一是加强网络社区的管理，净化网络环境。这就要求各大高校从技术到法治上，推动学校网络和其他网络的净化、美化和绿化建设，确保网络信息健康有益；同时，积极建设各种先进文化和先进思想的网站，用社会主义精神文明占领网络阵地，用社会主义核心价值观主导网络世界。

　　二是加强网络教育，将之纳入心理健康教育和思想政治教育体系，大力开展网络化教育模式。这就要求高校将大学生网络心理问题纳入大学生心理健康教育和思想政治教育中，通过网络平台和课堂平台等，加强大学生心理健康教育，让大学生正确认识和利用网络。

　　三是加强及时有效的心理辅导，科学干预大学生的网络心理问题。这就要求高校要充分调动广大教师，将大学生中已经发生和可能发生的网络心理问题及时纳入心理辅导的视域，开展有前瞻性和先导性的网络心理辅导工作。

　　四是加强校园文化建设，增强高校大学生课外文化生活的吸引力。这就要求高校充分利用学校资源，设计和开展丰富多彩的校园文化活动，鼓励广大学生积极参与校园活动，让他们在活动中找到自己的价值所在。

　　（二）家庭层面应该采取的措施

　　家长应该积极营造良好的家庭环境，为大学生心理健康成长提供良好的氛围。家长应从自身言行的规范、家庭和谐环境的营造、家庭聚会活动的开展等方面建设家庭，让大学生尽量远离网络，多与家人相聚相处，以培养他们健康的心态。

　　（三）学生层面应该采取的措施

学生应该采取自我调适的措施，不断调适自己的心理状态适应网络环境。这就要求高校大学生注重自己的网络行为与网络语言，提高上网的自控能力；积极建立和谐的人际关系，积极参与活动，培养自己健康的兴趣和爱好，避免沉迷网络；科学规划好自己的人生目标和价值走向，力求在现实生活中发展自己的优点和特长。
Network is a blade sword, in the contemporary college students' life, learning and communication brings many conveniences and benefits at the same time, also brought a series of problems. Network psychological problems as one of these problems, brings to the construction of college students themselves and the school style of study a lot of harm, caused wide attention of academic circles, educational circles. [1] how to solve the network psychological problems, improve college students' network literacy has become the consensus of social from all walks of life. Therefore, research and solve the problem of contemporary college students' network psychology has very important practical significance and academic significance and theory significance. The author proposed in the paper the performance of the network psychological problems of contemporary university students, harm and cause, on the basis of analysis of the network psychological problems to the college mental health education and ideological and political education work, the opportunities and challenges, and puts forward the multi-dimensional path to solve the problem of college students' network psychology and specific measures.
One, the performance of the network psychological problems of contemporary university students, hazards and causes
The advent of the era of network to diversify the contemporary college students' network behavior, online shopping, online entertainment, online learning, Internet chat and so on all reflect the particularity of contemporary college students' outlook on life and values. [2] among them, the change of the network language reflects the college students' mentality change, which also can see the network psychological problems of college students. These psychological problems have been to the contemporary university students' psychological, learning and personality, values and outlook on life, the life has brought a lot of harm. There are many reasons for the serious consequences, is worth thinking and research from all walks of life.
(a) the performance of the network psychological problems of contemporary university students and its harm
Network language and behavior of contemporary college students is to reflect the contemporary youth network psychological problems for college students, the more serious and typical of which is irresponsible attitude, Internet addiction, disgusted with attachment, network, network, network autism inferiority, self-identity fragments, etc. The psychological problems of different degree of different level network brings to the contemporary college students a lot of harm, hinders the healthy growth of college students' moral spirit, affects the normal development of the college students' mental health, hindered the formation and development of college students' healthy personality, distorting the college students' outlook on life, values, tore off the identity of college students. This shows that contemporary college students' network psychology development present situation and the standard for health psychology has much a distance, this also is a reminder of the colleges and universities have a lot of psychological health education work to do. [3]
(2) the cause of the network psychological problems of contemporary university students
The causes of college students' network psychological problems is not unilateral, is the result of joint action of many factors. Among them, the existing network environment construction and the personal, reasons for regulation is not in place are the cause of the absence of school psychological education on college students' network, and also in the college students' self-control, force is not Among them, the network environment construction and the regulation does not reach the designated position, leading to a lot of illegal and unhealthy information there, greatly polluted the spiritual world of contemporary college students. And school education, including education and ideological and political education of academic disciplines and many schools only pay attention to the education of subjects, on college students' psychological problems on the Internet is not seriously, haven't really form a set of solution to the problem; Itself has the characteristics of strong personality of college students, like the freedom of the network environment, and not on own initiative positively in control of their network behavior and network, network language life, so to avoid causing many psychological problems.
Second, the contemporary college students' network psychology to university students' education work bring challenges and opportunities
Network psychological problems of contemporary university students to the current psychological health education and ideological and political work in colleges and universities brings many challenges, such as the way of education idea, education mode, education content, etc., in fact this is for today's college mental health education and transform and upgrade the ideological and political education provides a new opportunity for development, details are as follows:
First, education LiNianCeng the challenges and opportunities. The emergence of the contemporary college students' network psychological problems of the present college psychological health education and ideological and political education put forward new requirements and demands to build the network and information technology education concept.
Second, teachers' dominance of challenges and opportunities. The emergence of the network, leading to the college students' network psychological problems, it brings to the university teachers' dominance of challenge. The role of college teachers should reposition itself actively adjust their dominant position. At the same time, the development of the network also brings to the university teachers to improve their ability of education opportunities.
Third, the content of the education level of challenge and opportunity. Network psychological problems among college students as a new kind of psychological problems, the present college wwwhurom.org psychological health education, and the content of ideological and political education system puts forward new requirements and demands of psychological problems in university will together into the college students' mental health education system and the ideological and political education system, it also enriches the college education content system.
Three, the multi-dimensional path of contemporary college students' network psychological problems
Network psychological problems of contemporary university students should become the important content of mental health education and ideological and political education and subject. Cause psychological problems of contemporary college students network factors are various, involving many level, therefore, solving the problem of contemporary college students' network psychology need schools, teachers, family and student common efforts. Specifically, the school level, level, family level of the teachers and students level should take the following corresponding countermeasures actively, effort to build up the network psychological problems of contemporary university students to solve a long-term mechanism, promote the contemporary college students mental health network grows.
(a) the school level and teachers level should take some measures
One is to strengthen the management of network community, purify network environment. This requires colleges and universities from the technical to the rule of law, school networks and other networks of purification, beautification and greening construction, to ensure that the health benefits of network information; At the same time, the positive construction of advanced culture and the advanced thought of website, with the socialist spiritual civilization occupy the network position, with a network of socialist core values dominate the world.
The second is to strengthen network education, will into the mental health education and ideological and political education system, vigorously promote education network model. This requires the college network psychological problems in college students' mental health education and ideological and political education, through the network platform and classroom, etc., to strengthen college students' mental health education, college students' correct understanding and using the Internet.
Three is to strengthen the timely and effective psychological counseling and intervention network psychological problems of college students. This requires colleges and universities should fully arouse teachers, college students has occurred and the possibility of the network psychological problems in a timely manner into the vision of psychological counseling, proactive and the origin of the network psychological counseling work.
Four is to strengthen the construction of campus culture, enhance the attraction of the university students' extra-curricular cultural life. This requires colleges and universities make full use of school resources, design and carry out rich and colorful campus cultural activities and encourage students to take an active part in campus activities, let them find their own value in the activity.
(2) family level should take measures
The parents should actively create a good family environment, provide a good atmosphere for the college students' mental health growth. Parents should be their own words and deeds of specification, construction of family harmony environment, family gathering activities in such aspects as construction of family, let college students as far as possible away from the Internet, how to get along with family, to foster their healthy mentality.
(3) the students level should take some measures
Students should take self-adaptation measures, and constantly adjust their own state of mind to adapt to the network environment. This requires that college students pay attention to their own network behavior and network language, improve the control of the Internet; Actively build the harmonious interpersonal relationship, actively participate in activities, cultivating their own healthy interests and hobbies, avoid Internet addiction; Scientific planning of their life goal and value orientation, makes every effort to develop its own advantages in real life and strength.