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1、 Drilling Rig Components Petex and the University of Texas Austin © Petex 2001 Drilling Rig Components Crown Block and Water Table Catline Boom and Hoist Line Drilling Line Monkeyboard Traveling Block Top Drive
2、Mast Drill Pipe Doghouse Blowout Preventer Water Tank Electric Cable Tray Engine Generator Sets Fuel Tank Electrical Control House Mud Pumps Bulk Mud Component Tanks Mud Tanks (Pits) Reserve Pit Mud-Gas Separator Shale Shakers Choke Manifold Pipe Ramp Pipe Racks A
3、ccumulator Additional rig components not illustrated at right. Annulus Brake Casing Head Cathead Catwalk Cellar Conductor Pipe Degasser Desander Desilter Drawworks Drill Bit Drill Collars Driller's Console Elevators Hoisting Line Hook Kelly Kelly Bushing Kel
4、ly Spinner Mousehole Mud Return Line Equipment used in drilling Ram BOP Rathole Rotary Hose Rotary Table Slips Spinning chain Stairways Standpipe Surface Casing Substructure Swivel Tongs Walkways Weight Indicator Crown Block and Water Table An assembly of
5、 sheaves or pulleys mounted on beams at the top of the derrick. The drilling line is run over the sheaves down to the hoisting drum. Catline Boom and Hoist Line A structural framework erected near the top of the derrick for lifting material. Drilling Line A wire rope hoist
6、ing line, reeved on sheaves of the crown block and traveling block (in effect a block and tackle). Its primary purpose is to hoist or lower drill pipe or casing from or into a well. Also, a wire rope used to support the drilling tools. Monkeyboard The derrickman's working platform. Do
7、uble board, tribble board, fourable board; a monkey board located at a height in the derrick or mast equal to two, three, or four lengths of pipe respectively. Traveling Block An arrangement of pulleys or sheaves through which drilling cable is reeved, which moves up or down in the derrick
8、or mast. Top Drive The top drive rotates the drill string end bit without the use of a kelly and rotary table. The top drive is operated from a control console on the rig floor. Mast A portable derrick capable of being erected as a unit, as
9、distinguished from a standard derrick, which cannot be raised to a working position as a unit. Drill Pipe The heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit and circulate the drilling fluid. Joints of pipe 30 feet long are coupled together with tool joints. Doghouse A small enclosure o
10、n the rig floor used as an office for the driller or as a storehouse for small objects. Also, any small building used as an office or for storage. Blowout Preventer A large valve, usually installed above the ram preventers, that forms a seal in the annular space between the pipe and well bor
11、e or, if no pipe is present, on the well bore itself Water Tank Is used to store water that is used for mud mixing, cementing, and rig cleaning. Electric Cable Tray Supports the heavy electrical cables that feed the power from the control panel to the rig motors. Engi
12、ne Generator Sets A diesel, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), natural gas, or gasoline engine, along with a mechanical transmission and generator for producing power for the drilling rig. Newer rigs use electric generators to power electric motors on the other parts of the rig. Fuel Tanks F
13、uel storage tanks for the power generating system. Electric House On diesel electric rigs, powerful diesel engines drive large electric generators. The generators produce electricity that flows through cables to electric switches and control equipment enclosed in a control cabinet or panel. E
14、lectricity is fed to electric motors via the panel. Mud Pump A large reciprocating pump used to circulate the mud (drilling fluid) on a drilling rig. Bulk Mud Components in Storage Hopper type tanks for storage of drilling fluid components. Mud Pits A series of open tanks, usually
15、made of steel plates, through which the drilling mud is cycled to allow sand and sediments to settle out. Additives are mixed with the mud in the pit, and the fluid is temporarily stored there before being pumped back into the well. Mud pit compartments are also called shaker pits, settling pits, an
16、d suction pits, depending on their main purpose. Reserve Pits A mud pit in which a supply of drilling fluid has been stored. Also, a waste pit, usually an excavated, earthen-walled pit. It may be lined with plastic to prevent soil contamination. Mud Gas Separator A device that removes
17、 gas from the mud coming out of a well when a kick is being circulated out. Shale Shaker A series of trays with sieves or screens that vibrate to remove cuttings from circulating fluid in rotary drilling operations. The size of the openings in the sieve is selected to match the size of the so
18、lids in the drilling fluid and the anticipated size of cuttings. Also called a shaker. Choke Manifold The arrangement of piping and special valves, called chokes, through which drilling mud is circulated when the blowout preventers are closed to control the pressures encountered during a kick
19、 Pipe Ramp An angled ramp for dragging drill pipe up to the drilling platform or bringing pipe down off the drill platform. Pipe Racks A horizontal support for tubular goods. Accumulator The storage device for nitrogen pressurized hydraulic fluid, which is used in operating the blow
20、out preventers. Annulus The space around a pipe in a well bore, the outer wall of which may be the wall of either the bore hole or the casing; sometimes termed the annular space. Brake The braking device on the drawworks to stop a load being lifted. Casing Head A heavy, flan
21、ged steel fitting connected to the first string of casing. It provides a housing for slips and packing assemblies, allows suspension of intermediate and production strings of casing, and supplies the means for the annulus to be sealed off. Also called a spool. Cathead A spool-shaped attachme
22、nt on a winch around which rope for hoisting and pulling is wound. Catwalk The ramp at the side of the drilling rig where pipe is laid to be lifted to the derrick floor by the catline or by an air hoist. Cellar A pit in the ground to provide additional height between the rig floor and
23、the well head to accommodate the installation of blowout preventers, ratholes, mouseholes, and so forth. It also collects drainage water and other fluids for disposal. Conductor Pipe The largest diameter casing and the topmost length of casing. It is relatively short and encases the topmost
24、 string of casing. Degasser The equipment used to remove unwanted gas from a liquid, especially from drilling fluid. Desilter A centrifugal device, similar to a desander, used to remove very fine particles, or silt, from drilling fluid. This keeps the amount of solids in the fluid to t
25、he lowest possible level. Drawworks The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a large winch that spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the drill stem and bit. Drill Bit The cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas wells. Most
26、bits used in rotary drilling are roller-cone bits. The bit consists of the cutting elements and the circulating element. The circulating element permits the passage of drilling fluid and uses the hydraulic force of the fluid stream to improve drilling rates. Drill Collar A heavy, thick-walled t
27、ube, usually steel, used between the drill pipe and the bit in the drill stem. It is used to put weight on the bit so that the bit can drill. Drillers Console The control panel, located on the platform, where the driller controls drilling operations. Elevators A set of clamps that gr
28、ips a stand, or column, of casing, tubing, drill pipe, or sucker rods, so the stand can be raised or lowered into the hole. Hoisting Line A wire rope used in hoisting operations. Must conform to the API standards for its intended uses. Hook A large, hook-shaped device from which
29、the elevator bails or the swivel is suspended. It is designed to carry maximum loads ranging from 100 to 650 tons and turns on bearings in its supporting housing. Kelly The heavy square or hexagonal steel member suspended from the swivel through the rotary table. It is connected to the topmos
30、t joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns. Kelly Bushing A device fitted to the rotary table through which the kelly passes. It is the means by which the torque of the rotary table is transmitted to the kelly and to the drill ste
31、m. Also called the drive bushing. Kelly Spinner A device for spinning the drill pipe. Replaces the spinning chain. Mousehole Shallow bores under the rig floor, usually lined with pipe, in which joints of drill pipe are temporarily suspended for later connection to the drill strin
32、g. Mud Return Line A trough or pipe, placed between the surface connections at the well bore and the shale shaker. Drilling mud flows through it upon its return to the surface from the hole. Ram Blowout Preventer A blowout preventer that uses rams to seal off pressure on a hole that is
33、 with or without pipe. It is also called a ram preventer. Ram-type preventers have interchangeable ram blocks to accommodate different O.D. drill pipe, casing, or tubing. Rathole A hole in the rig floor 30 to 35 feet deep, lined with casing that projects above the floor. The kelly is placed i
34、n the rathole when hoisting operations are in progress. Rotary Hose The hose on a rotary drilling rig that conducts the drilling fluid from the mud pump and standpipe to the swivel and kelly; also called the mud hose or the kelly hose. Rotary Table The principal component of a rotary, o
35、r rotary machine, used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling assembly. It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the rotational motion and an opening into which bushings are fitted to drive and support the drilling assembly. Note the pipe spinner (in red) on the side of the swivel.
36、 Slips Wedge-shaped pieces of metal with teeth or other gripping elements that are used to prevent pipe from slipping down into the hole or to hold pipe in place. Rotary slips fit around the drill pipe and wedge against the master bushing to support the pipe. Power slips are pneumatically or hydr
37、aulically actuated devices that allow the crew to dispense with the manual handling of slips when making a connection. Packers and other down hole equipment are secured in position by slips that engage the pipe by action directed at the surface. Spinning Chain A relatively short length of chain
38、 attached to the tong pull chain on the manual tongs used to make up drill pipe. The spinning chain is attached to the pull chain so that a crew member can wrap the spinning chain several times around the tool joint box of a joint of drill pipe suspended in the rotary table. After crew members stab
39、the pin of another tool joint into the box end, one of them then grasps the end of the spinning chain and with a rapid upward motion of the wrist "throws the spinning chain"—that is, causes it to unwrap from the box and coil upward onto the body of the joint stabbed into the box. The driller then ac
40、tuates the makeup cathead to pull the chain off of the pipe body, which causes the pipe to spin and thus the pin threads to spin into the box. Stairways Stairs leading from one level to another. Protected with handrails. Standpipe A vertical pipe rising along the side of the derrick o
41、r mast. It joins the discharge line leading from the mud pump to the rotary hose and through which mud is pumped going into the hole. Surface Casing Usually the first casing to be run in a well. This is done after spudding-in so a blowout preventer can be installed before drilling is st
42、arted. Substructure The foundation on which the derrick or mast and usually the drawworks sit; contains space for storage and well control equipment. Swivel A rotary tool that is hung from the rotary hook and traveling block to suspend and permit free rotation of the drill stem. It a
43、lso provides a connection for the rotary hose and a passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into the drill stem. Tongs The large wrenches used for turning when making up or breaking out drill pipe, casing, tubing, or other pipe; variously called casing tongs, rotary tongs, and so forth acco
44、rding to the specific use. Power tongs are pneumatically or hydraulically operated tools that spin the pipe up and, in some instances, apply the final makeup torque. Walkways An area cleared for moving through by personnel and protected with a handrail. Weight Indicator A device for measuring the weight of the drill string. Monthly calibration to calculated drill string weight is required by API.
©2010-2026 宁波自信网络信息技术有限公司 版权所有
客服电话：0574-28810668 投诉电话：18658249818
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