高中英语虚拟语气必须掌握的类型题解题思路.pdf

1 高中英语虚拟语气必须掌握的类型题解题思路高中英语虚拟语气必须掌握的类型题解题思路 单选题 1、If he_ to the teacher attentively,he_the answer to the problem now.Ahad listened,would have knownBlistened,would know Clistened,would have knownDhad listened,would know 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他专心听了老师的话，他现在就会知道问题的答案了。结合句意，此处是 if 引导的虚拟语气，从句与过去的事实相反，主句与现在的事实相反，所以这里是混合虚拟语气。故选 D。2、He was in great trouble,but he behaved as if nothing_ Awas happeningBhas happened ChappenedDhad happened 答案：D 解析：考查时态。句意：他遇到了很大的麻烦，但他表现得若无其事。此处 as if“好像”，引导方式状语从句，是虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，句子用过去完成时态，故选 D。3、If I had found a good job,I _ more money.AsaveBshould saveCsavedDwould have saved 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我找到一份好工作，我会存更多的钱。本句是由 If 引导的非真实条件句，用了虚拟语气，从句谓语 had found 用过去完成时，说明整个句子与过去事实相反，主句谓语用 would have done 形式，2 save(存钱)。故选 D 项。4、Some experts demanded that children _ enough time for sleep and play.AgiveBshould giveCbe givenDgiven 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：一些专家要求给孩子们足够的时间睡觉和玩耍。动词 demand 后接 that 从句时，从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should 可省略，孩子们和给时间是被动关系，用 be+过去分词。故选 C。5、It is important that we _ the window before we leave.Ashall closeBwill closeCmust closeDclose 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们离开前关上窗户是很重要的。诸如 necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity、the shame、no wonder 等表情绪、观点的形容词或名词要用虚拟语气，符合“It is.that+主语从句”的结构，从句的谓语动 词常用“should+动词原形”，且 should 的省略要看情况而定。句中表示建议的语气，should 可以省略。故选 D 项。6、He is always seeking excuses for the debt,but Id rather he _ it off as early as possible.Awould payBwould have paidChad paidDpaid 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他总是在为债务找借口，但我宁愿他尽早还清。would rather 后接宾语从句，谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示过去的愿望用过去完成时，表示现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时。本句表示对将来的愿望，故用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选 D 项。3 7、-Your head teacher is really a thoughtful man.-Exactly.If he_,he _ me in todays class before all my classmates.Aisnt;would punishBwasnt;would punish Chadnt;would have punishedDwerent;would have punished 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你的班主任真是个有思想的人。完全正确。如果他不是，他就会在今天的课上当着所有同学面前惩罚我。此处是 if 引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，故选 D。小提示：If 引导的虚拟语气：1).表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be 动词用 were)主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2).表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）3).表示与将来事实相反 从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+doif+主语+动词一般过去式（be 动词用 were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）8、It is time that we _ a decision on how to approach this problem.AmakeBmadeCto makeDwill make 4 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：是我们决定如何处理这个问题的时候了。固定句式 It is time that 后面的从句谓语用过去式或 should+动词原形。故选 B。9、Mr.Turner looked _he had completed the task by himself.But in fact,he had little contribution to the achievement.Aeven thoughBin thatCnow thatDas if 答案：D 解析：考查连接词。句意：特纳先生看上去好像是自己完成了这项任务。但事实上，他对这一成就贡献甚微。A.even though 尽管；B.in that 因为；C.now that 既然；D.as if 好像。as if 引导的表语从句表示一种与过去事实相反的情况，从句用虚拟语气（过去完成时）。故选 D 项。10、If you had enough money,what _？Awill you buyBwould you buy Cwould you have boughtDwill you have bought 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有足够的钱，你会买什么？此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句用 did(was 用were)，主句用 would/should/could+动词原形，故 B 项正确。小提示：非真实条件句的虚拟语气的基本用法是：表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用 had done，主句谓语动词用 would/should/could+have done；表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用 did(was 用 were)，主句谓语动词用 would/should/could+动词原形；表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用 did(was 用 were)，5 should do 或 were to do，主句谓语动词用 would/should/could+动词原形。11、My brother lent me the money,_I couldnt have afforded the trip AFurthermoreBOtherwise CMoreoverDNevertheless 答案：B 解析：本题考查副词辨析。句意：我哥借钱给我了，否则我不可能有能力支付这旅行的费用。A.furthermore 还有；B.otherwise 否则；C.moreover 还有；D.nevertheless 然而。根据句意可知，这里含有对过去情况假设的虚拟语气，用 otherwise 相当于“if my brother hadnt lent me the money（要是我哥没有借钱给我）”。故选 B。12、If we could live our life once again,I suppose many people _ a different one.Awill chooseBwill have chosen Cwould chooseDwould have chosen 答案：C 解析：本题考查虚拟语气。解题步骤：1).确定虚拟语气：If 条件句谓语动词用了 could do，说明此处是虚拟语气；2).确定谓语动词：If 条件句用 could do，表示和现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用 would/could/should do。句意：如果我们能再活一次，我想很多人会选择一个不同的人生。故选 C。13、Many people _ from sickness or even small wounds had penicillin not been available.Awould dieBwould have diedCmay dieDmay have died 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有青霉素，许多人可能会死于疾病甚至小伤口。分析句意可知，此句是一个虚拟6 语气，根据句中的“had penicillin not been available”可知，此句是对过去的虚拟，故其主语的谓语动词应用“should/would/might/could+have+过去分词”。结合选项，故选 B。14、Did you hear Smith was to blame for his making such foolish mistakes?Yes,but a more careful person _so many mistakes.Awouldnt makeBneednt have made Cshouldnt makeDwouldnt have made 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你听说 Smith 因犯了愚蠢的错误而受到责备了吗?听说了，但一个比较细心的人是不会犯这么多错误的。根据语境可知，这里表示对过去事实的虚拟，表示“本不会做某事”，故用wouldnt have done。shouldnt have done 表示过去本不该做(实际却做了)；neednt have done 表示过去本没必要做(实际上却做了)。综上，故选 D 项。15、I didnt see your sister at the party.If she _,she would have met my brother.Ahas comeBdid comeCwouldDhad come 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我在聚会上没看见你妹妹。如果她来了，她就会见到我弟弟了。题干是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以 if 从句中用 had+过去分词。故选 D。小提示：if 引导虚拟语气 1).表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式（be 动词用 were），主语+would/could/7 might/should+动词原形”。如：If the weather were fine,we would go to Shanghai.如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）If they had time,they would/could/might go with me.如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。2).表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去完成式，主语+would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”。如：If I had taken his advice,I shouldnt/wouldnt/couldnt have made such a mistake.如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。3).表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形，主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”。如：The glass would break if you dropped it.杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）If it should rain,the crops would/could/might be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。16、As two cases of Omicro coronavirus variant have been detected,the British government has urged that anyone who has arrived from South Africa recently _.Abeing testedBwas testedCmust be testedDbe tested 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：由于已发现两例奥米克罗冠状病毒变异病例，英国政府敦促最近从南非抵达的任何人接受检测。A.being tested 正在被检测；B.was tested 被检测；C.must be tested 必须被检测；D.be tested 被检测。分析句子，has urged 后接 that 引导的宾语从句，urge 表示“敦促”，后接宾语从句时应用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略，本句中 test 与主语 anyone 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即（should）be tested。故选 D 项。17、Many things we benefit from now wouldnt be around _ Albert Einstein.Aaside fromBthanks toCbut forDregardless of 8 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有爱因斯坦，现在我们从中获益的很多东西都不会存在。A.aside from 除之外；B.thanks to 由于；C.but for 如果没有；D.regardless of 不管，不顾。分析句子可知，本句与现在事实相反的含蓄虚拟语气，用“如果没有”符合语境和语法，故选 C 项。18、It is lucky we booked a room,or we _ nowhere to stay now.AhadBhaveCwould haveDwould have had 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们很幸运地订到了一间房，不然的话，我们现在就无处可去了。根据题干中的 or 可知其引导的是含蓄虚拟条件句，相当于 if 引导的虚拟条件句。根据语境 it is lucky we booked a room 可知现在订到了房间，再由 now 提示，可知是对现在情况的假设，所以谓语动词用 would/could/might/should do。故选 C。19、Pity that I missed the Womens Volleyball Match on Thursday.If only I _ the ticket in advance!AbookedBhad bookedCwould bookDhave booked 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：错过了周四的女排比赛真是太可惜了，要是我早点订票就好了。根据句意可知，这是对过去的虚拟，故应用过去完成时。故选 B 20、What a pity!The parents could have survived the earthquake,_ to save their child.Ahad they not come backBhave they come back Cdid they not come backDdid they come back 答案：A 9 解析：考查省略 if 的条件句。句意：真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为 if 引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词为 had come back，if 可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把 had 置于句首。从句“if they had not come back”省略 if，提前 had，句子写成“had they not come back”。故选 A 项。小提示：if 引导的虚拟条件句，当从句的谓语动词含有 were，should，had 时，if 可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把 were，should，had 等词置于句首。21、My suggestion is that you the meeting next Sunday.AheldBwould hold Cshould holdDcould hold 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我的建议是你下星期天开会。suggestion 作主语，其所跟的名词性从句中用虚拟语气，动词形式为“（should）+do”，故选 C。22、Her pale face suggested that she _ ill and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.Abe;should haveBwas;haveCshould be;hadDwas;had 答案：B 解析：考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：她苍白的脸表明她病了,她的父母建议她去体检。第一个 suggest 是“表明，显示”的意思，后面的 be 动词视整句时态而定，根据主句时态可知用一般过去时。第二个 suggest 是“建议”的意思，后接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词，should 可略。故选 B。23、My advice is _ he _ to go abroad for further education.10 Athat,choosesBthat,choseCthat,chooseDwhat,should choose 答案：C 解析：考查表语从句和虚拟语气。句意：我的建议是他应该选择出国深造。chooses 选择；第一个设空处引导表语从句，从句不缺成份，应用只起连接作用的 that；在 advice 后的表语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语构成是“should+动词原形”should 可省略，故第二个设空处应为(should)choose。故选 C。24、He has loved me_I were his son.AbecauseBasCifDas if 答案：D 解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：他爱我就像我是他的儿子一样。A.because 因为，引导原因状语从句；B.as 因为，当时候，引导原因状语从句或时间状语从句；C.if 如果，引导条件状语从句；D.as if 好像，引导方式状语从句。根据空前后句意可知，空处需用 as if 或 as though 可引导方式状语从句,叙述一种明显不合现在事实的假设,需用虚拟语气,动词用过去式,如果是动词 be,则用 were。故选 D。25、Ten days are devoted to this training program and _ it be unsuccessful,it could be repeated later.AshouldBcouldCmightDwould 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们用了 10 天的时间来完成这个训练计划，如果不成功，以后还可以重复。结合后文“it could be repeated later.”可知，此处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句用 would(should,could,might)+动词原形，从句动词用过去式（be 通常用 were）或用 should+动词原形或 were to+动词原形；且而虚拟条件句中，如有 were、should 或 had，可将 if 省略，将 were、should 或 had 提前至句首构成倒装。故选 A。26、The General commanded that all the soldiers _ the news secret.11 AkeepBkeptCkeepingDto keep 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：将军命令所有士兵把这个新闻保守秘密。command“命令”，后跟 that 从句，从句中用should do,should 可以省略。故选 A。小提示：在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should 可省略。如：My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。本小题考查 command 的用法，句意：将军命令所有士兵把这个新闻保守秘密。command“命令”，后跟 that 从句，从句中用 should do,should 可以省略。故选 A。27、The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1,2019 on.AshallBshould CcanDmay 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：政府的要求是，从 2019 年 1 月 1 日起，市民不得燃放烟花爆竹。当 requirement 等名词后接表语从句时，从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式来构成虚拟语气，故选 B。28、We require the thief _ into prison.Arefers to being put Breferred to be put Crefer to being putDreferred should be put 12 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：我们要求所提到的那个小偷应该被关进监狱。分析句子成分，referred to 为后置定语，修饰 the thief，因两者构成被动关系，故使用动词的过去分词，即 referred to，故排除 A、C 选项；require 意为“需要,要求,后接从句要用虚拟语气,即其后的从句：谓语动词用 should+动词原形,should 可以省略。且 the thief 与 put into prison 构成被动关系，故选用被动语态，即 the thief(should)be put into prison，综上，故选 B。小提示：后接虚拟语气的常见词 1）在 insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,desire,demand,require,request,order,prefer,propose,recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.2）类似用法的还有 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper 等形容词；decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.Their decision was that the school remain closed.3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议”的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。29、The director commanded that actions_ to solve the problem.Awere takenBtookCshould takeDbe taken 13 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：主任命令采取行动解决问题。command“命令”后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形，主语 action 与谓语 take 为被动关系。所以本句为（should）be taken。故选 D 项。30、-You came second in the running race.Congratulations!-Thanks.But practising more,I _ a different result.Amight getBmay getCmay have gotDmight have got 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：-祝贺你在赛跑中名列第二！-谢谢。但是如果多练习的话，我可能会得到不同的结果。可知，此处是指我（过去）多练习的话，结果就会不同。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，要用情态动词+have done，因此本句要用 might have got。故选 D。31、_is required that under no circumstances _he betray his motherland even if there are temptations like money or beauty.AWhat;canBIt;couldCIt;shouldDWhat;could 答案：C 解析：考查主语从句和倒装。句意：要求他在任何情况下都不应该背叛他的祖国，即使有金钱或美丽等诱惑。此处为固定句型 It is required that sb./sth.should do.“要求某人/某事做.”，此处 it 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句，且从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分为(should)do；从句中，状语 under no circumstances“决不”置于句首，所在句子需要部分倒装，将情态动词 should 置于主语 he 之前。故选 C 项。32、Had he taken his parents advice,he _ having made such a silly mistake now.Awould not regretBwould not have regretted 14 Cmay not regretDdoes not regret 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他接受了父母的建议，他现在就不会后悔自己犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。此处是省略 if 的虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时态；主句与现在事实相反，用 would+动词原形，故选 A。小提示：if 引导的虚拟语气从句的三种形式 if 句又叫条件句，表示“假如”，是状语从句的一种，是一种非常常见的从句形式，用来提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，拥有三种形式。提出将来会发生的事：主句：主语would/should/might/could动词原形；从句：should动词原形/were to动词原形 eg.If he should go to Harvard University,he would make full use of his time.如果他要上哈佛大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。提出现在的条件：主句：主语would/should/might/could动词原形；从句：动词过去式 eg.If he studied at this school,he would know the enviornment around the school very much.如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会很了解周边环境。提出过去的未发生的条件：主句：主语would/should/might/could have动词过去分词；从句：had动词过去分词 eg.If I had read the book,I would have told you about it.我如果看过本书，我会把内容告诉你了。特别提示：如果把 if 省略，则将助动词 had/should 和 were 提到主语的前面去。比如上句：Had I read the book,I would have told you about it.我如果看过本书，我会把内容告诉你了。33、_ the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.AIf it is notBWere it not forCHad it not been forDIf it had not been 15 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为免费的电影票，我就不会看电影看得那么勤。根据 I would not have gone to the films so often.可知，这里在对过去进行虚拟，要用非真实条件句的虚拟语气，此时条件从句中谓语动词用 had done。而当非真实条件句中有 had 时，可以省略 if，把 had 提至主语前形成部分倒装结构。故选 C 项。小提示：非真实条件句的虚拟语气是虚拟语气的考查中很重要的一部分。非真实条件句表示条件从句假设的动作客观上未发生，只是主观虚拟在这个动作发生的情况下主句动作的反馈。非真实条件句的虚拟语气可分为对现在的虚拟、对过去的虚拟和对将来的虚拟，每一种情况下条件从句的谓语动词和主句的谓语动词形式都是有相应要求的。而当非真实条件句中有 should、had 或 were 时，可以省略 if，而把 should、had、或 were 提至主语前，从句形成部分倒装结构。本题正好符合这种情况，首先根据分析出的非真实条件从句可以写出一般形式“If it had not been for the free ticket”，再省略 if、提前 had 作部分倒装，即可得出正确答案。34、I insisted_ to see a doctor，but he insisted nothing _wrong with him Aon him to go；should beBhe went；be Che go；wasDhe should to；is 答案：C 解析：本题解析略。35、If I _ my dog run out in the street,it wouldnt have been injured by the car.Dont blame yourself any more.Owning a pet is a tough job.Ahadnt letBdidnt letCwouldnt letDwouldnt have let 答案：A 解析：16 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有让我的狗在街上跑，它就不会被汽车撞伤了。别再自责了。养宠物是一项艰巨的工作。根据下文 it wouldnt have been injured by the car 可知表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去完成时，主语+would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”。故选 A。小提示：if 引导虚拟语气 1).表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式（be 动词用 were），主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”。如：If the weather were fine,we would go to Shanghai.如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）If they had time,they would/could/might go with me.如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。2).表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去完成式，主语+would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”。如：If I had taken his advice,I shouldnt/wouldnt/couldnt have made such a mistake.如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。3).表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形，主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”。如：The glass would break if you dropped it.杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）If it should rain,the crops would/could/might be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。36、Our teacher recommends that we _ as attentive as possible when we visit the museum.AareBshall beCought to beDbe 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：老师建议我们参观博物馆时，要尽可能地专心。根据句子分析可知，recommend 表“建议”，后跟宾语从句，从句中谓语动词应用“(should)+do”，故选 D。17 37、_ with the severe situation,the expert suggested the market referred to at once.AFacing;be shut downBFaced;being shut down CTo Face;being shut downDFaced;be shut down 答案：D 解析：考查非谓语动词及虚拟语气。句意：面对严峻的形势，专家建议被提及的市场应立即关闭。根据空后介词 with可知，第一空是短语：be faced with“面对，面临”，位于句首，省略 be 动词，使用过去分词做状语；第二空：suggest 表“建议”的时候，宾语从句的谓语动词使用 should do，should 常省略，market 与 shut down 是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态。注意 referred to 是 the market 的后置定语，意为“被提及的市场”。故选 D。38、The manager demanded that the workers the task ah