世界最高效发电厂.doc

世界最高效的燃煤发电厂在上海
ssstnt2010年03月11日00:06来源：华尔街日报点击 470次

冯伟忠被称为上海外高桥第三发电有限公司的迈克尔•舒马赫
　　He's not exactly Al Gore, but Feng Weizhong may represent China's best effort to limit emissions from the world's fastest-expanding power sector.
　　冯伟忠不是戈尔(Al Gore)，但他可能是世界扩张最快的电力部门──中国燃煤发电行业最有力的减排践行者。
　　China is regarded as the world's biggest polluter largely because it is adding electrical power production capacity so quickly, most of it based on coal-fired plants.
　　中国之所以被视为世界上最大的污染发源地，很大一部分原因是它的电力产能提升得太快，而这些产能多数依靠的是燃煤电厂。
　　Representing a leading edge in China's pledge to get cleaner as it gets bigger, Feng runs what claims to be the world's most efficient electrical power producer.
　　中国承诺在发展经济的同时要变得更加清洁，冯伟忠是这当中的一个先锋。他掌管着据称是世界上发电效率最高的发电厂。
　　The facility where the 55-year-old Feng is Communist Party boss and general manager--two 1,000 megawatt ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generating units of Shanghai Waigaoqiao No. 3 Power Generation Co.--supplies about a quarter of Shanghai's electricity.
　　这就是上海外高桥第三发电有限公司的两台100万千瓦超超临界燃煤发电机组，它们供应着上海约四分之一的电能。55岁的冯伟忠是该公司党组织负责人兼总经理。
　　The blocky, cream and red colored Shenergy Co.-owned Waigaoqiao facility rises 129 meters above a bank of the Yangtze River and was fully commissioned in 2008. Based on Siemens AG generator technology and Alstom SA boiler technology that was manufactured in Shanghai, it was built at a cost of 8.5 billion yuan, or $1.24 billion.
　　外高桥第三发电有限公司（下文简称：外三）是申能股份有限公司(Shenergy Co.，简称申能股份)子公司。位于长江边上的外三电厂建筑高129米，外观为乳白色和红色相间，显得沉稳厚重。电厂在2008年完全投产，以西门子(Siemens AG)的发电机技术和阿尔斯通(Alstom SA)的锅炉技术（在上海生产）为基础，建造成本85亿元，合12.4亿美元。
　　It now boasts to be the most efficient plant in its class world-wide and has won top honors, with Feng credited for achieving a peak 46.3% efficiency rate last year.
　　现在，它号称拥有世界上同类电厂中最高的发电效率，并赢得了诸多顶级荣誉。在冯伟忠的努力下，去年外三实现了46.3%的峰值效率。
　　Gains in efficiency--defined as burning the least coal for the maximum output of electricity for a particular plant--are made through reducing the necessary energy used to start up the facility, feed water and turn turbines. (Efficiency of 100% would be the potential electricity the plant could produce for its designed capacity.)
　　通过降低启动设备、给水和转动涡轮的必要能量，发电机组的效率得以提高，也就是烧最少的煤发出最多的电。（如果发电效率为100%，则电厂按照设计产能发出了所有潜在电能。）
　　As Feng explains it, 'when we use less coal we save the coal and reduce the emissions of C02 and other emissions.'
　　冯伟忠讲解说，当我们减少煤炭的用量，我们不但节省了煤炭，还降低了二氧化碳和其他排放。
　　China's ability to generate its electricity more efficiently could be critical as the sector expands. 'Increasing the efficiency of Chinese coal combustion may represent a much greater opportunity for CO2 mitigation in the near term,' a Stanford University study concluded last year.
　　随着电力行业的扩张，中国能不能以更高的效率发电可以说是至关重要。去年斯坦福大学(Stanford University)的一份研究报告（PDF格式）得出结论说，提高中国的燃煤效率，或许是短时间内减少二氧化碳排放的一种更大机会。《华尔街日报》也曾做过相关报道。
　　Like some companies watch their stock price, Waigaoqiao posts the cumulative average net efficiency for the year in its lobby, which on a recent day was running at 44.34% on Unit 7 and 44.67% on Unit 8.
　　像一些公司关注自己的股价一样，外三在大厅里展示了一年来的累计平均净效率。最近的一天，第七机组和第八机组的效率分别是44.34%和44.67%。
　　Its engineers break the figures down in a variety of ways: On average in 2009, the plant achieved an efficiency rate of 43.53% producing at 75% of capacity, up from 42.73% at 74% of capacity the year earlier. Feng cited in comparison figures from a top-rated Dutch plant that were about half a percentage point lower in 2009.
　　公司的工程师们用多种方式对这些数字进行了分解：2009年该厂平均实现43.53%的发电效率，产能利用率为75%；前一年分别是42.73%和75%。冯伟忠把这些数字和荷兰一家顶级发电厂进行了比较，发现后者在2009年的发电效率大约比外三低半个百分点。
　　In another measure the plant used 282 grams of coal per kilowatt hour of electricity produced, versus a China average of 345 grams per kilowatt hour.
　　从另一个指标来看，该厂每发电一千瓦时用煤282克，而中国电厂平均用煤345克。
　　The efficiency rate last year was the equivalent of cutting 480,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide, or C02, plus 3,600 tons of sulfur dioxide, or S02, and 28,500 tons of dust, the company said.
　　这家公司说，去年的发电效率相当于削减了48万吨二氧化碳，3,600吨二氧化硫，以及28,500吨粉尘。
　　Its operating efficiency was 24% better than the national levels. For a plant capable of producing about 5,000 kilowatts of power per minute from turbines that spin at 3,000 revolutions per minute, the savings were the equivalent of producing 2.6 billion kilowatt hours with no emissions.
　　其运营效率比全国水平高出24%。对于一个涡轮机每分钟转3,000转、每分钟能够发电约5,000千瓦的电厂来说，这就相当于在没有任何排放的情况下发电26亿千瓦时。
　　Since 2004, China has begun construction on 112 ultra-super critical 1000 megawatt units and put 20 into operation, according to Siemens, which claims more than half the generator market.
　　西门子公司称，自2004年起，中国有112座100万千瓦的超超临界发电机组已经动工，20座投入运营。西门子占据了发电机市场一半以上的份额。
　　China derived over 68% of its power production needs from coal in 2009 and is unlikely to pull the rate below 60% in coming years, despite massive deployment of alternatives, according to Siemens.
　　据西门子称，2009年，中国发电需求的68%以上用煤炭来满足，尽管替代性能源产能正在被大规模部署，但这一比例难以在未来几年降到60%以下。
　　Cleaner, gas-powered plants, account for less than 5% today, noted Yao Zhenguo, a Siemens executive who supplied key components to the facility.
　　向外三提供了核心组件的西门子高管姚振国指出，更加清洁的天然气发电厂目前只占不到5%的份额。
　　At Waigaoqiao, Feng's peak rate is the focus. 'This 46.3% absolutely is the benchmark world-wide,' said Siemen's Yao. The plant's next goal is 47% efficiency.
　　冯伟忠在外三实现的峰值效率受到关注。姚振国说，46.3%绝对是世界的标杆。外三的下一个目标是实现47%的效率。
　　It is a big responsibility for Feng, who got his start in the industry in 1971 at a Chongming Island power plant in Shanghai that had a tenth of a percent of the capacity of Waigaoqiao's generators.
　　这是冯伟忠身上的一个重大责任。他1971年从业，当时是在上海崇明岛的一个电厂，其产能只相当于外三的千分之一。
　　James T. Areddy