英语翻译技巧第11节 重复法.doc

第十一节 重复法
重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；但有时为了明确、强调或生动，也需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。
一． 为了明确
（一） 重复名词
1. 重复英语中作宾语的名词
1） The next item on the agenda is to revise safety and sanitary regulations.
2） I had experienced oxygen and/ or engine trouble.
3） They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.
4） I had lived in China many years and saw China in civil war in 1925-27, and later in war with Japan.
1) 议程的下一项目是修订安全规则和卫生规则。
2) 我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。
3) 他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
4) 我曾在中国生活多年。我看到了1925年至1927年正在内战的中国，后来又看到了同日本作战的中国。
2. 重复英语中作表语的名词
1） He became an oil millionaire---- all by himself.
2） This has been our position--- but not theirs.
3） Carol is your friend as much as she is mine.
4） In the Soviet Union there had been no radio, TV, or press mention of either Abel’s arrest or conviction.
1) 他成为一个石油大王----- 一个白手起家的石油大王。
2) 这一直是我们的立场----- 而不是他们的立场。
3) 卡罗既是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。
4) 对于艾贝尔的被俘或判刑，苏联既没有电台广播，也没有上电视节目，在报刊上也没有发表。
作业：
1. We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.
2. It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.
3. A good film serves to educate and inspire the people.
4. It was he who first repudiated and breached the understanding.
5. They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.
3. 重复英语介词短语前所省略的名词
1) The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen ordinary patients.
2) The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor black people destroyed by white colonialists.
3) We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.
1) 医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从十七个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
2) 尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是白人殖民主义者摧残不幸的黑人的故事。
3) 由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。
作业：
1. We caught a glimpse of the leading horses and of a horseman vanishing through the rain.
2. The prisoners often got into argument with each other or with the guards.
3. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.
4 The use of poison gas is a clear violation of international law--- in particular of the Geneva Convention.
5. He broke all connections with his past, and with the old society in every way.

4. 重复英语中作先行词的名词
1) May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, through you, for the glowing success of constructing your country, which is now inspiring the world.
2) They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in New York.
3) The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left.
4) The President announced, with obvious relish, that his plane took off from “Shangri-la”, a fairyland in the Himalayas.
5) All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess’ ultimate purpose.
6) Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.
1） 让我，通过您，表达我对伟大的中国人民和中国共产党的最衷心祝贺！祝贺你们建设国家的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。
2） 他们举行了游行示威和静坐，散发了请愿书，而这些请愿书必定会传到驻纽约的外国记者手中。
3） 小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他，而且整得很重，简直把他整惨了。
4） 这位总统洋洋得意地宣称，他的飞机是从“香格里拉”起飞的，而“香格里拉”是喜马拉雅山中的一个仙境。
5） 所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是女主人的最终目的。
6） 水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。

（二） 重复动词
1. 英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。
1） Is he a friend or an enemy?
2） The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too.
3） For a good ten minutes, Mother cursed me and my brother.
4） Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement. (Edgar Snow)
5） They covered the 19th century foreign intervention in China, the Red Army’s Long March in the mid-1930s, the French and American revolutions.
1) 他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？
2) 这一击不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。
3) 足足有十分钟之久，妈妈既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。
4) 毛主席是一位活动家，是原动力，是创始者，是交替运用出其不意、紧张和松弛而取得成就的战略大师。
5) 他们谈到十九世纪外国对中国的干涉，谈到红军在三十年代中期的长征， 还谈到法国革命和美国革命。
2. 英语句子中动词后有介词时，第二次第三次往往只用介词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词。
1） Approaching graduation, my roommates and I talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of books----of everything.
2） One night, he had a nice sleep, no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great sharks, nor fight.
3） He supplied his novels not only with biographies of characters, but with their portraits.
4） But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family.
5） They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American.
1) 临近毕业，我和室友们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到书籍，-----谈到一切。
2) 一夜，他睡得很香，不再梦见风暴，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鲨鱼和搏斗。
3) 他不仅在他的小说中提供人物传记，而且还提供人物画像。
4) 可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说一家人都要毁在他身上。
5) 他们想要确定， 他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。
作业：
1. Doing math exercises requires care and, for difficult problems, great experience.
2. They were starting from scratch and needed men, guns, training.
3. The minister spoke of the rise of charity and popular education, and particularly of the spread of work.
4. Just as grammar deals with the structure of language, English grammar deals with the structure of English, French grammar with the structure of French, etc.
5. They had prepared for this campaign as carefully as they had for larger ones.
6. He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men.

（三） 重复代词
1. 英语中用代词的地方，翻译时可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。
1） Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.
2） In China, they “made mistakes”, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory.
3） He accepted failure; he had conquered it all his life, and risen above it.
4） His change was that of a key man in the key post---something that symbolized the gradual transformation of the other participants.
1) 杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。
2) 在中国，他们“犯过错误”，吃过错误的亏，承认错误，研究错误，从而制定了胜利的方针。
3) 他接受失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败。
4) 他的转变是一个把守重要关口的关键人物的转变，他的转变象征着其他参与者也在逐渐转变。
2. 英语中用物主代词its,his,their时，翻译时可以用名词，以达到明确具体的目的。
1） Happy families also had their own troubles.
2） Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.
3） Each country has its own customs.
1) 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。
2) 强国有强国的策略，小国也有小国的路线。
3) 各国有各国的风俗。
3英语中强势关系代词或副词whoever,whenever,wherever等，翻译时往往用重复法。
1) Whoever violates the traffic regulations should be punished.
2) Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution.
3) Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free.
4) You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like best.
1) 谁违反了交通规则，谁就应该受到惩罚。
2) 哪里有残酷的压迫，哪里就有革命。
3) 你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。
4) 我书架上的小说你最喜爱哪一本，你就可以借哪一本。
作业：
1. Ignoring a problem does not solve it.
2. Smith seemed ill at ease with power, while Ball sought it.
3. But there are clues, and they seem to confirm my earlier suspicion.
4. Big families had their own difficulties.
5. Each person had his own business to handle.
6. Whoever works hard will be respected.
其它：
1. To him, the birds sang, the squirrel chattered and the flowers bloomed.
2. He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator.
1) 鸟儿向他歌唱，松鼠对他叽咕，花儿也为他开放。
2) 他既精于飞行，又善于导航。

二、为了强调
为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键词，翻译时也可重复。
（一） 用同样的汉语词重复
（二） 用汉语的同义词、近义词重复
（一） 用同样的汉语词重复
1） Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.
2） Out of sight, out of mind.
3） Blood must atone for blood.
4） He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding.
5） Gentlemen may cry peace, peace--- but there is no peace.
6） Obvious among the most obvious books upon the most obvious shelf were series of splendidly bound volumes entitled “Luxun’s Works.”
7） They had to stand out of the hospital, watching me go in, come out, come out, go in.
8) He demanded total loyalty, not loyalty in the traditional sense, not ordinary loyalty, but total loyalty, not just to office or party, or concept, but loyalty first and foremost to Lyndon Johnson.
1) 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
2) 眼不见，心不烦。
3) 血债要用血来还。
4) 他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。
5) 先生们可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。
6) 在那个最显眼的书架上最显眼的书籍中显眼的几卷就是精装的名叫《鲁迅全集》的一套书。
7) 他们站在医院外面，看我进去出来，出来进去。
8) 他要求的是绝对忠诚， 不是传统意义的忠诚，也不是一般的忠诚，而是绝对的忠诚，不只是对职务、政党或观念的忠诚，而是首先对林登•约翰逊的忠诚。
作业：
1. It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.
2. This town is a small town, looking much like other towns of its size, but few towns enjoy so many natural advantages.
3. If once morality is lost, all is lost.
4. Year after year and century after century the moon goes through its cycles.

(二)用汉语的同义词、近义词重复
1. They often read and re-read the secret notes.
2. I know you hate me and I hate you, we had better part right now.
3. Every change of season, every change of weather, every hour of the day produces some change in the magical hues and shape of these mountains; and they are regarded by all good wives, far and near, as perfect barometers.
1.他们常常一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密信。
2.我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，咱们最好马上就分手吧。
3. 季节的每一更迭，气候的每一转变，乃至一天中的每一小时，都给这些山峦的奇幻色彩和形态带来变化，远近的主妇们都把这些改变看作是准确的晴雨表。
作业：
1. Easy come, easy go.
2. No pains, no gains.
3. During their stay in Beijing, they visited some old friends of theirs, visited Beijing University and visited the Great Wall.
4. Before marriage she loved giving orders to her boyfriend, but after marriage, he loved giving orders to her.
5. He ate up everything at home.
6.They might very well be preparing an attack against the country, hence they are building up not only sizeable troops, but a lot of missiles, planes, and tanks along the border of the country.
三．为了生动
（一）运用两个四字词组，使文字生动活泼，有节奏感
1. But there had been too much publicity about my case.
2. The streets were overrun by Hitler’s bullies.
3. They established target priorities at that meeting..
1. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。
2. 那时希特勒的暴徒在街上横行霸道，无恶不作。
3. 他们在那个会议上决定了目标的轻重缓急，孰先孰后。
作业：
1. He showed himself calm in any emergency situation.
2. The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied.
3.With my last hope frustrated, I slipped into a deep depression.
（二）运用词的重迭
1. I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.
2. His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.
3. Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.
4. With his tardiness, carelessness and appalling good humor, we were sore perplexed.
1.我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言无隐。
2. 他的孩子们，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。
3.欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落、冷冷谈谈的掌声。
4.他老是磨磨蹭蹭、马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。
作业：
1. The toasts were flat.
2. I wasn’t evasive in my reply.
3. A slanting sunlight dappled the grass.
4. The farm buildings and the wheel-house were all dim and bluish.
（三）运用四字对偶词组
Great contributions 丰功伟绩
Gratitude 感恩戴德
Ingratitude 忘恩负义
Prosperity 繁荣昌盛
Eternal glory to 永垂不朽
Vivid 生动活泼
Hesitate 彷徨犹豫
Arrogance 骄傲自大
Grotesque 奇形怪状
Careless 粗心大意
In chaos 乱七八糟
Street gossip 街谈巷议
Rumours 流言蜚语
1. I was admittedly shy.
2. It was a bright September afternoon, and the streets of New York were brilliant with moving men.
3. Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished.
4. If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.
5. He sat there and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so grave and gay.
1. 我是以腼腆胆怯著称的。
2. 这是九月的一个晴朗的下午，纽约的大街上，人来人往，五光十色。
3. 不管开始时我们对这架飞机有什么不放心，这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了。
4. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。
5. 他坐在那儿注视着，觉得眼前的景象，既是始终如一，又是变化多端，既是光彩夺目，又是朦胧黑暗，既是庄严肃穆，又是轻松愉快。
作业：
1. The trial, in his opinion, was absolutely fair.
2. She is an awful fool of a woman.
3. She told her friend of her fancy.
4. At that time, she was the only female scientist there.