浅议人力资源及区域经济协调发展.docx

　　21世纪，知识与人才在经济发展中占的比例越来越大，人力资源已经成为对区域经济发展贡献值最高的因素。在我国大力提倡可持续发展的背景下，各地对人力资源出现从未有过的重视。而这样的做法也得到了立竿见影的回报，经济增长与在人力资源反面的投入成明显正比关系。在这种良性循环的发展中，我国的人力资源与区域经济发展越来越相得益彰。

　　一、人力资源对区域经济的巨大贡献

　　“科学技术是第一生产力”由一句镜花水月的空话，短短几十年间变成了实在的经济增长秘诀，人力资源的合理应用对我国近年来的经济高速发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。各地区改革发展方式，将人力资源作为促进经济发展的重要环节之后，纷纷尝到甜头开始大规模调整对人才的培养、吸引与利用方式。人力资源对区域经济的推动作用是毋庸置疑的，笔者认为这种推动作用主要表现在以下三个方面：一是创新高精尖技术。作为企业运营的秘诀，绝对的掌握高精尖技术，通过技术垄断实现市场垄断的方法是经久不衰的。而垄断技术的前提就是要得到掌握技术的人力资源。因此人力资源对区域经济发展的贡献首先体现在对高精尖技术的掌握。通过技术研发推出高科技产品，从而促进经济发展。

　　其次是掌握专业技术。据相关数据统计，我国高级技工人才每年短缺达数十万之重。掌握了高级技工人才就能够制造出高质量的产品。通过产品质量的对比，在市场竞争中击败竞争对手，获得利润。这种掌握专业技术的人力资源对区域经济发展的推动，早期并不被各地所重视。各地方政府往往以争夺高精尖技术人才为首要目的。近年来，随着专业技术人才的逐渐紧缺，地方政府才开始转变观念，培养掌握专业技术的人力资源。

　　第三是对人力资源的培养。教育是培养高质量人力资源最有效的途径。因此，各地对人力资源的培养从未放松。这种利用本地人力资源“自培养”的方式周期短、资耗低，见效快。所以某种程度上将抓住了教育性人力资源就保证了人力资源的持续性，对人力资源素质的不断提升与区域经济的长远持续发展具有十分重要的意义。

　　二、人力资源与区域经济发展的协调性

　　随着世界经济发展模式的转变，单一利用资源发展经济的时代早已一去不复返。仅就我国的现状来看，人口众多、资源稀少是我国经济发展的短板。但如果能够合理的利用我国的人口优势，那么人口优势就会变成人力资源的优势，进而转化为经济发展的动力。在区域经济发展中，以河南为例，河南地处我国中原地区，省内土地面积16.7万平方公里，土地资源并不占优势，但河南却是中国人口大省，2014全国总人口数量13亿6072万，河南人口数量约一亿，世界上没有几个大国的人口能与之相比。如何进行长远规划，并实现地区经济的可持续发展，利用好省内约一亿的人口，将人口优势变为人力资源优势也就成了非常关键的问题。通过对GDP常数，专业技术人员占工作人员的比例做OLS回归性分析，得出DW值，DW值说明GDP的值与专业技术人员占工作人员的比例有着直接的关系。也就是说，提高专业技术人员在从业人员中的比例对GDP的增加有着直接的关系。可以说要保证区域经济的增长，就必须要保证专业技术人员的数量。同样，我们不难得出结论，在经济出现增长，对人力资源培养的投入增加以后必然会导致高精尖人才与专业技术人员的增加。这反过来又会对区域经济的发展产生促进作用。由上面的分析我们可以看到，人力资源与区域经济的发展有着很强的相互促进作用，可谓存续相依，不可分割。这就是人力资源与区域经济发展协调性最好的证明。

　　三、区域经济发展与人力资源培养的政策建议

　　针对人力资源与区域经济发展存在的协调性关系，以区域经济健康良好发展为基础，以培养人才促进经济长效发展为目标，本文对区域经济与人力资源培养提出以下几点政策建议：

　　1、注重本地高校人力资源的培养与利用，提高人力资源数量与质量。以河南省为例，拥有的全国知名大学较少，要大力推进高校发展。这些高校是本区域人力资源培养的重要基地与教育基础。政府应当完善人才培养机制，均衡人才就业机会，为本区域自培养的人力资源创造合适的就业岗位，减少人力资源流失。高校也应根据区域人力资源需求，合理调整教学内容，使人力资源能够在本地区的经济发展中一展所长。

　　2、加快吸引外来人力资源。人力资源长效战略的形成，仅靠本地人力资源的培养还远远不够。受区域限制、学科限制、平台限制等，本地区的人力资源开发不可能满足区域经济的发展，因此必须要加强对外来人力资源的吸引，重视高端人才的引进。而加快区域经济发展，提供良好的就业发展平台是吸引外来人力资源的根本途径。政府应当大力发展科技、教育、文化、卫生等各项事业，为外来人才提供发挥才能的机会，才能有利于优秀人才的集聚与脱颖而出。同时，还要加强人力资源的管理，深化人事制度的改革。各地区人力资源汇集必然对管理带来很大的压力。在学习先进的人力资源管理模式之外，人力资源管理模式还要与本地区的经济发展相匹配，才能真正做到人力资源人尽其才。

　　3、加快第二、三产业发展。传统重工业为主的第一产业主要依靠资本投入作为产能增长与利润提高的方式。而二、三产业的发展则主要依靠人力资源优势。而第一产业的高能耗、低输出、高污染等问题日益凸显，加大了各地政府缩减第一产业的决心。在我国产业结构转型的关键时期，要把握发展关键，加快培养专业技术人才。各地区政府也要加快调整产业结构布局，增加二、三产业比重，为优秀的人力资源提供更多的就业岗位。 　　4、注重人力资源合理分配。人力资源合理分配是关系着区域经济协调平衡发展的关键问题。就我国情况来看，各地区普遍存在农村基础设施建设滞后，环境艰苦，就业岗位少等问题，这些问题极大地制约了区域经济发展与人力资源的仅仅。近年来随着城镇化建设的不断推进，农村经济发展出现快速提高，第三产业迅猛发展，对各种专业技术人才需求量很大。政府在政策制定过程中，要充分考虑到产业结构布局调整与农村专业技术人才缺口问题。政府应当建立长效机制，对经济发展相对落后的地区适当帮扶，也可开设相关专技领域的“扶持计划项目”，制定有利于农村产业结构调整与人力资源引进的政策机制。

　　四、结语

人力资源的培养是关系到各地区域经济发展的关键问题。加快推动人力资源培养计划，调整产业结构布局是未来我国各区域经济发展的出发点与落脚点。由于人力资源与区域经济发展之间有十分紧密的关系，因此，政府在制定政策时应当正确认识二者之间的辩证关系，做好统筹，加强对本地区人力资源与外来优秀人才的管理与利用。加快发展第三产业，为优秀人才提供施展才能的平台。同时，要注重区域经济平衡发展，适当增加对农村地区的扶持力度，增设扶持项目，拓宽专业发展渠道，增加就业岗位，真正实现区域经济一体化的协调发展。

In the 21st century, the share of knowledge and talents in the economic development is more and more big, the human resources already became the highest value contribution to regional economic development. Strongly advocated in our country under the background of sustainable development, there has never been around in human resources. And so it got an immediate return, economic growth and the human resources negative input into a significantly positive relationship. In this cycle of development, the human resources of our country and the region economy development more and more bring out the best in each other.
A, human resources, huge contribution to regional economy
"Science and technology is the first productive force" by a pipe dream, just a few decades into a real secret to economic growth, the reasonable application of human resources of our country's rapid economic development in recent years has made an indelible contribution. Way of reform and development of the region, will be human resources as the important part of promoting economic development, to taste, to start large-scale adjustment of talent cultivation, attraction and make use of the way. Human resources is undoubtedly for the regional economic role, the author thinks that this role is mainly manifested in the following three aspects: one is cutting-edge technology innovation. As business secret, absolute master advanced technology, and through technology method to realize the market monopoly monopoly is enduring. And the premise of monopoly technology is to get the skill of human resources. So human resource's contribution to the regional economic development, first of all, reflected in the mastery of advanced technology. Through technology research and development high-tech products, so as to promote the economic development.
The second is to master professional and technical. According to relevant data statistics, China's talent of senior skilled worker shortage for hundreds of thousands of heavy every year. Master the talent of senior skilled worker can produce high quality products. By comparison with the quality of products, beat the competitors in the market competition, make a profit. The master of professional and technical human resources to promote regional economic development, the early is not been paid great attention in all over. Local governments tend to compete for advanced technical personnel as the primary goal. In recent years, with the gradual shortage of professional and technical personnel, the local government began to change ideas, cultivate master professional and technical human resources.
The third is the cultivation of human resources. Education is the most effective way to cultivate high quality human resources. Therefore, around the cultivation of human resources has never relax. The use of local human resources training of "self" the way of short cycle, low resources consumption, fast effect. So some degree will be seized the educational human resources to ensure that the sustainability of human resources and to improve the quality of the human resources and the regional economy's long-term sustainable development is of great significance.
Second, human resources and the coordination of regional economic development
With the transformation of the world economic development model, single use of resource development of the economy era is long gone. Only for the current situation of our country, large population and scarce resources is China's economic development. But if we can reasonable use of the population of our country advantage, so the population will become human resources advantages, and then into the power of the development of the economy. In regional economic development in henan province as an example, in henan province is located in the central plains in China, in the province of the land area of 16.7 square kilometers, the land resource is weak, but in henan province is China's most populous province, 2014 the total population of 1.36072 billion, henan's population of about one hundred million, no major powers of the population in the world can be compared. How to make long-term planning, and realize the sustainable development of regional economy, make good use of the population of about one hundred million in the province, the population into human resources advantages has become very critical problem. Through the constant GDP, professional and technical personnel account for the proportion of workers do OLS regression analysis, it is concluded that the DW values, DW value of GDP and professional and technical personnel account for the proportion of staff has a direct relationship. That is, improve the professional and technical personnel in the employees of the increase of the proportion of GDP has a direct relationship. Say to guarantee the regional economic growth, it must ensure that the number of professional and technical personnel. Also, it is easy to come to the conclusion that the economic growth, increase investment in human resources training later will inevitably lead to the increase of the advanced talents and professional technical personnel. This, in turn, will produce promoting effect on the development of regional economy. We can see from the above analysis, human resources and the development of regional economy has a strong mutual promoting effect, was surviving depend on each other, inseparable. This is the human resources and coordinated regional economic development is proof of that.
Three, the regional economic development and policy Suggestions on human resources training
In view of the human resources and relation of coordinated regional economic development, on the basis of the healthy development of regional economy, to train the talent to promote long-term economic development as the goal, in this paper, the regional economy and human resource training put forward the following Suggestions:
1, pay attention to the development of local colleges and universities human resources and utilization, improve the quantity and quality of human resources. National well-known university in henan province as an example, have less, to promote the development of colleges and universities. These colleges and universities are important bases in the region's human resources training and education foundation. The government should improve the talent training mechanism, balance talent employment opportunities, create suitable for this region from cultured human resources jobs, reducing the cost of human resources. Colleges and universities should also according to the regional human resources demand, adjusting the teaching contents, make the human resources to opportunities in the region's economic development.
2, speed up to attract foreign human resources. The formation of long-term human resources strategy, only on the cultivation of the local human resources is not enough. Restricted by area, subject conditions, restricted platform, such as human resources development in the region could not meet the development of regional economy, therefore have to strengthen the foreign human resources attract, attach importance to the introduction of high-end talent. Speeding up regional economic development, to provide a good career development platform is the basic way of attracting foreign human resources. The government should vigorously develop science and technology, education, culture, health and other undertakings, provide talents opportunities for foreign talent, agglomeration can be the best people and stand out from the crowd. At the same time, strengthen the management of human resources, deepen the reform of personnel system. Regional human resources pool will inevitably bring a lot of stress on management. In learning advanced human resource management model, human resource management mode to match the economic development in the region, to be truly human resource person.
3, accelerating the development of the second and third industry. The first industry of traditional heavy-industry relies mainly on the capital investment as a means of productivity growth and profits increase. While the development of the second and third industry relies mainly on the human resource advantage. And the first industry of high energy consumption, low output, high pollution problem such as growing, increasing the local governments to cut the determination of the primary industry. The key period of the industrial structure transformation in our country, to grasp the development key, speed up the cultivation of professional and technical personnel. Regional governments also to speed up the adjustment of industrial structure layout, increase the proportion of second and third industry, for the excellent human resources to provide more jobs. 4, pay attention to human resources reasonable allocation. Human resources reasonable allocation is a key issue in the coordination and balance the regional economic development. Is common in our case, each area of rural infrastructure construction lag, the hard environment, fewer jobs, these problems have greatly restricted the regional economic development and human resources only. With the advancement of urbanization construction in recent years, the rapid increase of rural economic development, the rapid development of the third industry, the great demand for all kinds of professional and technical personnel. The government in the process of policy making, to fully consider the layout of industrial structure adjustment of professional and technical personnel and rural gap. Government should set up a long-term mechanism to appropriate support for economic development is relatively backward area, also can start the training in the field of "supporting the project", make time help the countryside industrial structure adjustment and human resources policy mechanism of introduction.
Four, conclusion
The cultivation of human resources is the key to the relationship to the regional economic development around the problem. Promote human resources training plan, adjust the layout of industrial structure is the starting point and the foothold of our country's regional economic development. Due to the human resources and has a very close relationship between regional economic development, therefore, the government in formulating policies should correctly understand the dialectical relationship between them, completes the plan as a whole, to strengthen the human resources in the region and the management and utilization of foreign talent. Speed up the development of the tertiary industry and provide excellent talents to work to the platform. At the same time, should pay attention to balance the regional economic development, increase support for rural areas, appropriately add support project, widen the channel of the professional development, increase employment, achieve the coordinated development of regional economic integration.