中考英语句型转换典型例题及详解.doc

模块十六：句型转换
一、题型分析
句型转换是目前英语中考的一个常见题型，主要考查学生对不同句子结构（语法）的语言运用能力。句子结构和词汇同样是英语学习的基础。英语和汉语属两种不同的语言。句子结构自然有很大的不同。不同句子的结构掌握的越多，英语语言运用的能力就越强。如果你不能用不同的句子结构表达同一意思，你才能有运用自如的感觉。所以要学好英语。必须熟练掌握各类英语句子的基本结构和句型。同时，更多地掌握英语的句法还能提高阅读，写话，以至于听力等能力。英语中考考查句子结构题型是“按要求改写句子”。学生只要掌握英语句子的基本结构和单词拼写，该大题得满分并不难的。

二、解题技巧
1、掌握英语的基本句子形式，如陈述句，各种形式的否定句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，反意疑问句，感叹句。主动语态和被动语态结构等。请看下面的例句和分析。
1. He has lunch at school. (改为否定句)
He lunch at school.
本句动词have 不表示“有”而是表示动作，应用doesn’t have,不能用has not.
2. The T-shirt cost five dollars.(改为一般疑问句)
the T-shirt five dollars?
该句的cost 是过去式，不需要加s。本句应用Did, cost.英语有几个动词过去式和现在式同一形式，set,cut,put,let,fit,read,spread等，要看清楚再做。
3.The photo near the door is the best.(就划线部分提问)
is the best?
本句用Which photo,因为near the door 用作定语修饰名词 photo,别认为near the door 是地点而用错 where。
4.We have studied in this school for four years,(改为特殊疑问句)
have you studied in this school?
本句虽没有划线部分，但根据句子其他部分意思，可以看出是对for four years 进行提问，肯定用How long.
5. Let’s go to the exhibition this afternoon.（改为反义疑问句）
Let’s go to the exhibition this afternoon， ？
6.He could hardly see the words on the blackboard. （改为反义疑问句）
He could hardly see the words on the blackboard, ?
祈使句的反义疑问句，仅Let’s…句型用shall we，其他都用will you. 而一般疑问句改反义疑问句应注意，若句子的主要部分用肯定，附加部分用否定，反之则相反。第六句应用could he.
2、要熟悉“保持句意”的改写，如简单句和复合句的转换，两句并一句，形容词，副词比较等句型，不用句型的转换，词语的不同搭配。请看下面的例句和分析：
1. It was eleven o’clock when he finished his homework last night.
He finish his homework it was eleven o’clock.
本句是改为not until 句型，用didn’t, until.
2. He is the tallest in his class.
No one in his class is as as he.
本句是最高级句型改为原等级句型，用else, tall.
3. He didn’t make as many mistakes in his homework as you.
He mistakes in his homework you.
本句是 as(so)…as 句型改为用带than的句型，用made fewer…than. Mistakes 是可数名词，别误用修饰不可数名词的less。
4. These stamps belong to my elder brother.
These stamps are elder .
原句中的belong to 改为are ，动词转换，用法不同，应用brother’s.
5. The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
The box isn’t for me to carry.
本句是复合句改为简单句，且否定结构的位置有变化，需要用heavy的反义词，故用light enough,误用成too…to结构。
6. The question is very difficult. No one can answer it.
The question is difficult answer.
本句为两句合并成一句，原句有否定意义，应用too…for anyone to,别误用成so that anybody can. 如answer后it,才可用so…that结构，因too…to结构句子是简单句，而so...that是复合句。
英语中考改写句子题目中，一般每句填写两个词，很少有上面一些例句中填写一个或三个词的题目。

三、考点解析：
1. 肯定句变否定句和否定句：
常考的考点：have 、do句型
2. 反义疑问句：
常考的考点：带有否定副词的句子。
3. 主动句变被动语态
常考的考点：一般现在时、一般过去时、以及含有情态动词的被动语态
4. 同义句转换
常考的考点：这里对于学生是难点，主要考考纲的近义短语、常考的初中句型，本次的讲解重点。
5. 对划线部分提问
常考的考点：how long/soon/ far, how much/ many的区别和联系。
6. 肯定句改成改为感叹句
常考的考点：近年来考的比较少了，how/what 的修饰用法。
7. 两句子合并为一句，复句变为简单句
常考的考点：结构状语从句，宾语从句的使用。注意改写句子的细节问题。

四、初中英语同义词
初中同义词
1.       glad=happy=pleased (高兴的)                   difficult=hard=not easy （困难的）                
2.       of course=sure=certainly （当然）              give a talk=make a speech（作一次演讲）        
3.       given name =first/middle name（名字）       How about=What about （什么怎样）                
4.       hold=have （举行、进行）                   fast=quick （快的）                            
5.       still=all the same（仍然）                     come on=be quick=hurry up（赶快）              
6.       drop=throw（扔）   drop=land（使落下）      drop=give up（放弃）                          
7.       rather= quite （相当）                        right now=now（现在）                          
8.       right now=just now（刚刚）                    right away=at once （立刻、马上）                      
9.       except=but（除。。。之外）                              
10.   prefer A to B =like A more /better than B （相对B来说，更喜欢A）                      
11.   Hands up=put up one’s hands=lift one’s hands （举手）
12.   return=go back（回去）   return=come back=get back  （回来） return=give back（归还）                        
13.   past=through（过、通过）                            
14.   help sb with sth=help sb(to) do sth （帮助某人做某事）
15.   while=when（当。。。）                              
16.   several=a few=some （数个、若干）            anywhere=in any place（任何地方）
17.   everywhere=here and there（到处）              arrive(in\at)=reach=get（to）（到达）
18.   no hurry=take your time（不急、慢慢来）        order=turn（顺序）
19.   over=more than（超过、多于）                 shop=store（商店）
20.   rush=run very quickly（冲、奔跑）              shop=workshop（车间）
21.   center=middle（中心）                        join=be in=Take part in（参加）
22.   take a look= have a look（看一看）          as soon as possible=as soon as sb can（尽快）
23.   hate=dislike（不喜欢、讨厌）
24.   learn sth by oneself=teach oneself sth（自学。。。）
25.   fail=not pass（不及格、失败）
26.   give sb a call=give sb a ring=call sb=ring sb up =telephone sb（打电话给某人）
27.   look after=take care of（照顾）
28.   fly to…=go to …by air=go to…by plane（乘飞机去。。。）
29.   in a minute=in a moment=very soon（一会儿、马上）
30.   almost=nearly（几乎）
31.   just then=just at that time（正在那时）
32.   no one=none（没有一人）
33.   hear from…=receive a letter from…get a letter from…=have a letter from。。。（收到。。。的来信）
34.   also（用于句中）=too（肯定句末）=either（否定句末）
35.   plant=grow（种植）
36.   expensive=dear=not cheap（昂贵的）
37.   so far=up to now（直到现在）
38.   billion=a thousand million（十亿）
39.   century=a hundred years（世纪、百年）
40.   a bit of+unc.=a little+unc. A bit+adj=a little+adj
41.   call=name（命名、名叫）
42.   maybe=perhaps（也许、可能）用于句首
43.   never mind=It doesn’t matter=It’s not important（不要紧、没关系）
44.   retell= tell again（复述、重讲）
45.   common=usual（普通的、平常的）          match=game
46.   famous=well known著名的                  hear of=know=learn about听说
47.   fine=sunny晴朗的                          no+n.=not any+n..
48.   have classes=have lessons
49.   have a good time=have a very nice time=enjoy oneself玩得开心
50.   do one’s best=try one’s best尽某人的努力     start=begin
51.   do well in=be good at在。。。做得好          not forget=remember
52.   catch a bus=take a bus赶公共汽车            hope=wish
53.   last night=yesterday evening                 table=form表格
54.   do sport=take exercise运动                  photo=picture
55.   tonight =this evening                       look around=look round四处看看
56.   at last=in the end=finally最后、最终      
57.   have to =must      largebig
58.   nobody=no one没有人                    somebody=someone有人、某人
59.   anybody=anyone任何人                   everyone=everybody每个人
60.   I think=I’m afraid 恐怕。。。                
61.   No.1=number one
62.   that’s all right=that’s ok=You are welcome=not at all不必谢
63.   walk to..=go to…on foot步行到。。。
64.   ride to..=go to…by bike骑自行车到。。。
65.   America=the USA        
66.    be from=come from        
67.   be over=end 结束
68.   a lot=lots of=many(c.)=much(unc.)许多
69.   what’s wrong=what’s the trouble=what’s the matter?怎么了
70.   just a moment=just a minute=wait a minute等一会
71.   take a look at=have a look at=look at看一看
72.   take a rest=have a rest休息一下
73.   the other day=a few days ago几天前                    
74.   ever=at any time
75.    stop sb(from)doing sth.=prevent/keep sb from doing sth. 阻止某人干谋事
76.   on both sides=on each side=on either side在每一旁

77.   in three days’ time=in three days在三天内
78.   short for=a short way of saying…。。。简称为。。。
79.   beside=next to=near to在。。。旁边
80.   can=be able to能够
81.   what do you mean by this words=what does the world mean=What’s the meaning of this words?这个单词是什么意思？
How do you like…?=What do you think of…? 你认为/觉得。。。怎么样
五、近年来中考句型转换归类：
A. 改成反义疑问句
1. They could hardly believe the news.(96)
They could hardly believe the news, ？
2. Mary bought some shampoo in the supermarket.(97)
Mary bought some shampoo in the supermarket. ?
3. Tom didn’t take part in the after-school activity yesterday,.(06)
Tom didn’t take part in the after-school activity yesterday, ?
B. 改成一般疑问句
1. I enjoy individual sports.(95)
________you ________ individual sports?
2. We do eye exercise every day. (97)
_________ you eye exercise every day?
3. Every Monday morning Mr. Johnson has a meeting.(99)
__________ Mr. Johnson ___ a meeting every Monday morning?
4. He set the alarm clock for seven. (01)
_________he the alarm clock for seven?
5. Alan often does housework after school.(07)
________ Alan often housework after school?
C. 改成否定句：
1. The captain worked at the South Pole last year.(95)
The captain ___________ ___________ at the South Pole last year.
2. Alice attends the lecture once a week.(96)
Alice ___________ ___________　the lecture once a week.
3. Peter collected some old coins two years ago.(98)
Peter _________ collect ___________ old coins two years ago.
4. You’d better go to see him off at the railway station.(00)
You’d better ___________ __________ to see him off at the railway station.
5. The old man realized that too much salt was harmful to health. (05)
The old man _______ ___________ that too much salt was harmful to health.
6. Sam wants to look for a job in London after he graduates from university. (06)
Sam __________ __________ to look for a job in London after he graduates from university.
7. Tell Harry the news when you see him, please.(08)
____________ Harry the news when you see him, please.
D. 改为感叹句。
1. Your dormitory is very bright.(02)
__________ __________ your dormitory is!
2. Nanjing Road Walkway looks very beautiful at night!(03)
__________ __________ Nanjing Road Walkway looks at night!
3. It is very convenient to travel by underground!(07)
__________ __________ it is to travel by underground!
4. Yao Ming is an excellent Chinese basketball player.(08)
__________ __________ excellent Chinese basketball player Yao Ming is!
E. 对划线部分提问。
1. I was born in 1980.(95)
__________ __________ you born?
2.The teacher had a meeting yesterday.(96)
__________ __________ the teachers have a meeting?
3.The postage is three yuan and six jiao.(97)
___________ ___________is the postage?
4.We had learned six pop songs by the end of last week.(98)
__________ __________ pop songs had you learned by the end of last week?
5. He went to the hospital to have a check on eyesight.(99)
___________ ___________ he go to the hospital?
6. We have a class meeting once a week.(00)
__________ __________ do you have a class meeting?
7. At the age of five, Martin weighed 25 kilos.(02)
__________ __________ did Martin weigh at the age of five?
8. He lost the key to his bike on his way to the lecture.(03)
__________ did he __________ on his way to the lecture?
9. The American spacecraft Galileo travelled and worked in space for 14 years.（04）
__________ __________did the American spacecraft Galileo travel and work in space?
10. London held the first World Expo in 1851. (05)
_________ did London __________ the first Word Expo?
11. The students’ projects will be on show in three days. (06)
_________ __________ will the students’ projects be on show ?
12. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have already been to China twice.（07）
___________ ___________ times have Mr. and Mrs. Brown been to China?
13. Mr Smith has taught in our school for three years.(08)
___________ ___________ has Mr Smith taught in our school?
F. 改为被动语态。
1. They took the wounded soldier to the field hospital.(95)
The wounded soldier _________ _ to the field hospital.
2. We can store a lot of information in the computer.(96)
A lot of information _________ __________ stored in the computer.
3. Where did they grow vegetables?（00）
Where __________ vegetables __________?
4. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs(分贝)here. ( 02)
The noise must _ _ under 50 dbs here,
5. We publish our school newspaper twice a month. (05)
Our school newspaper _________ _________ twice a month.
6. The terrible earthquake destroyed thousands of houses in that area. （08）
Thousands of houses in that area ___________ ___________ by the terrible earthquake.
G. 改为简单句：
1. I don’t know when we shall leave for Nanjing.(00)
I don’t know when __________ ___________ for Nanjing.
2. The water was so dirty that we couldn't drink it. (01)
The water was_________ dirty for us _________drink.
3. The poor child was so lucky that she received many books from Project Hope. (05)
The poor child was _________ _________ to receive many books from Project Hope.
4. Can you tell me when I should water the flowers ? (06)
Can you tell me _________ _________ water the flowers?
H. 改为复合句：
1. The words on the notice board are very small.
I can’t see them clearly.(97)
The words on the notice board are_________ small _________ I can’t see them clearly.
I. 合并为一句。
1. Tim doesn’t collect coins. Jack doesn’t collect coins, either.(95)
Neither Tim __________ Jack __________ coins.
2. She is tall and thin. She has long hair. (01)
She is _________ tall and thin girl ________long hair.
3. Betty likes taking a bus to work. She likes taking an underground to work better.(05)
Betty _________ taking an underground _________ taking a bus to work.
4. Will Bob join the swimming club? Please tell me.（07）
Please tell me _________ Bob _ join the swimming.
J. 保持原句意思。
1. The boy was too frightened to say a word.(95)
The boy was ___________ frightened ___________ he couldn’t say a word.
2. Mrs. Smith prefers milk to coffee.(96)
Mrs. Smith likes milk ___________ ___________ coffee.
3. The motorcycle is Mr. Clark’s.(96)
The motorcycle ___________ ___________ Mr. Clark.
4. How is the weather today?(97)
__________ the weather ___________today?
5. Our foreign teacher will go back home tomorrow. We’ll say goodbye to him at the airport.(98)
Our foreign teacher will go back home tomorrow. We’ll __________ him _______at the airport.
6. In some states of America, children must stay in school until they are sixteen.(98)
In some states of America, children __________ ___________ school until they are sixteen.
7. Aunt Li asked me to take care of her little son while she was out.(99)
I was asked to __________ _ Aunt Li’s little son while she was out.
8. Mrs. White told Tom that he mustn’t throw paper on the ground.(99)
Mrs. White told Tom __________ ___________throw paper on the ground.
9. Mary works very hard at shool. Her teacher often praises her.(99)
Mary is often praised _________ her hard __________.
10. The dictionary cost me 20 yuan.(00)
I _________ 20 yuan ___________ the dictionary.
11. Nobody else in his class can speak English as fluently as he. (01)
He _________ English _________ fluently in his class.
12. Put on your coat, or you'll catch a cold. (01)
_________you __put on your coat, you'll catch a cold.
13. The recitation was kind of boring and I liked the cross talk better. (02)
The recitation was __ _ boring and I preferred the cross talk.
14. Sam's grandfather died 10 years ago. (02)
Sam's grandfather has been _ _ 10