读名言学语法之动名词.docx

第13章动名词
动名词是由动词转化而成的名词，兼有动词和名词的双重特点，在句中作名 词使用，但本身又具有动词的一些特征，如可以有宾语和状语，可以有完成式和 被动式。动名词的形式为：一般情况下在动词末尾加-ing，和现在分词的变化规
则完全一样。
动名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
13.1.1动名词作主语
Losing can be a real beginning.
失败可以成为真正的开始。
Having intimate friends is happiness in itself.
拥有知己这本身就是幸福。
While winning is not everything, trying to win is everything.
尽管取胜并不重要，但努力去赢得胜利却是重要的。
Constant dripping wears away a stone.
滴水穿石。
有时，将作主语的动名词置于句尾，用代词it作形式主语，这种情况多见于It is no use(或good) doing sth.句型，表示“做某事是没有用的”。
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
牛奶已洒，哭也无用。
It is no use pumping a dry well.
枯井打水，徒劳无益。
It is no use thinking about one’s lost youth.
追忆逝去的青春是没有用的。
13.1.2动名词作宾语 动名词可以作动词和介词的宾语。
①作动词的宾语 有些特定动词要求其后作宾语的动词用动名词形式。
Genius means working hard all one s life.
天才意味着终生努力。
As long as you live, keep learning how to live.
只要活着，就要不断地学习如何生活。
You are never a loser until you quit trying.
只要不放弃努力，你就绝不是失败者。
You are not here merely to make a living. You are here to enable the world to live more amply.
你来到世上不仅仅为了谋生。你来到世上是为了让世界生活得更富庶。
②作介词的宾语 动词在介词后面只能用动名词形式作宾语。
Life consists not in holding good cards，but in playing well those you hold.
人生并不在于抓到好牌，而在于打好手中的牌。
Keep on learning as long as you live.
活到老，学到老。
The secret of happiness is to admire without desiring.
幸福的秘诀在于欣赏但不希冀。
13.1.3动名词作表语
Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do.
勇气就是去做自己害怕去做的事情。
Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum.
人生是画一幅图画，而不是做一道算术题。
The ultimate goal should be doing your best and enjoying it.
最终目标应该是竭尽全力，乐此不疲。
The greatest pleasure in life is doing what others say you cannot do.
人生的最大乐趣就是去做别人说你做不了的事情。
Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.
教育并非注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。
13.1.4动名词作定语
动名词可以作定语，修饰另一个名词，往往表示所修饰名词的功能或用途。如下 列词组：

chewing gum 口香糖
dividing line 分界线
dressing table 梳妆台
driving license 驾驶执照
living standard 生活水平
magnifying glass 放大镜
operating room 手术室
racing car 赛车
dining hall 餐厅
drawing board 画板
drinking water 饮用水
filling station 加油站
looking glass 镜子
marketing manager 销售经理
playing ground 运动场
reading room 阅览室
sitting room 客厅
starting point 起点
stumbling block 絆脚石
walking stick 手杖
washing machine 洗衣机
writing desk 写字台
resting place 休息处
sleeping pill 安眠药
stepping stone 踏脚石
swimming pool 游泳池
warning sign预警迹象
working conditions 工作条件

Failure is a learning experience.
失败是一种学习经历。
Fame is a magnifying glass.
名声是放大镜。
The starting point of all achievements is desire.
一切成就的起点都是愿望。
Every failure can be a stepping stone to something better.
每一次失败都可以成为通向更美好事物的踏脚石。
One of the secrets of life is to make stepping stones out of stumbling blocks.
人生的秘诀之一就是把絆脚石变为踏脚石。
The world is a looking glass, and gives back to every man the reflection of his own
face.
世界是一面镜子，反映出每个人的面孔。13.21只能接动名词作宾语的动词
有些动词，如果其后直接是动词作宾语，要求只能用动名词的形式，这类动词包括:
acknowledge 承认
admit承认
advocate 主张
allow允许
anticipate 期望
appreciate 感谢；欣赏
avoid避免
complete 完成
consider 考虑
contemplate 考虑
delay推迟
deny否认
discuss 讨论
enjoy喜欢
escape逃避
excuse原谅
fancy想象；喜欢
finish完成
forbid禁止
imagine 想象
include 包括
involve 涉及
justify证明；正当
keep保持
mind介意
miss错过
permit允许
postpone 推迟
practice 练习
quit放弃
recommend 建议
require要求；需要
resent怀恨
resist抵制
resume恢复
risk冒险
shun避开
suggest 建议
can’t help忍不住
give up放弃
put off推迟

We make mistakes. The key is to keep living, keep loving, and keep trying.
我们会犯错误。关键在于继续生活，继续热爱，继续努力。
One can't help being old, but one can resist being aged.
一个人无法不变老，但却可以抵制老朽。
Never consider relying on other people’s money to make you rich.
决不要考虑依赖别人的钱使自己富有。
A successful marriage requires falling in love many times always with the same person.
一桩成功的婚姻需要多次堕入爱河，而且总是和同一个人。接
有些动词，如果其后直接是动词作宾语，既可接动名词，又可接不定式的形式，但有的意义基本没有差别，而有的意义则差别很大。
13.3.1接动名词或不定式作宾语皆可，并且意义基本没有差别的动词

bear忍
begin开始
bother费心
cease停止
continue继续
dislike不喜欢
endure忍受
hate不喜欢
intend打算
like喜欢
love喜欢
prefer更喜欢
neglect忽略
omit忘记

propose建议
start开始

When pleasure is the business of life, it ceases to be (或 being) pleasure.
当快乐成为人生的主要事务，就不再是快乐了。
Start making (或 to make) changes today that will get you to where you want to be tomorrow.
今天就开始做出使你明天达到理想目标的改变。
注意下面三个动词的用法:need，require，want。表示“某个事物需要被”时，
三个词的意义和用法完全相同，基本结构为Sth. needs (或requires，wants) doing, 也可以是 Sth. needs (或 requires, wants) to be done.如：
Your goals need supporting (或 to be supported).
你的目标需要支持。
Do whatever requires doing (或 to be done) to realize your dream.
为了实现梦想，要尽一切必须的努力。
A clean hand wants no washing (或 doesn’t want to be washed).
洁净的手不需清洗。
Natural abilities, like natural plants, need pruning (或 to be pruned) by study.
天赋，如同自然生长的植物，需要学习的修剪。
Pleasant pills don’t want gilding (或 to be gilded).
味道好的药丸不需裹糖衣。
The biggest mistake leaders make is that they know something requires doing (或 to be done), but there’s a long time before they do it.
领导者所犯的最大错误就是他们清楚需要做事，但拖延很久才去做。
13.3.2接动名词或不定式作宾语皆可，但意义差别很大的动词 试对比：
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
go on to do sth.接下去做另一件事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
regret to say(或tell, inform)遗憾地说（或告诉、通知）
regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
remember doing sth.记得做过某事
remember to do sth.记着去做某事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
try doing sth.试探着做某事
try to do sth.努力做某事
动词 forget, regret, remember 后跟 doing 和 having done 含义相同。
We never regret having eaten too little.
我们从不后悔曾忍饥挨饿。
We regret to say that you have fallen short of our expectations.
我们很遗憾，你辜负了我们的期望。
I remember losing my keys on a regular basis.
我记得曾经常常丢失钥匙。
Remember to picture your desired goals as if you had already attained them.
记住将你希望达到的目标想象成似乎你已经达到了。
You make the failure complete when you stop trying.
当你停止努力的时候，你就完全失败了。
While we stop to think, we often miss our opportunity.
当我们停下来思考时，我们往往错过了机会。
If you can’t think up a new idea, try finding a way to make better use of an old idea.
如果想不出新观点，试着找出一个方法更好地利用老的观点。
Try to be a man of value.
努力做一个有价值的人。13.4 动名词的复合结构
很多时候，动名词带有行为主体，而构成复合结构。果动名词作主语，示 行为主体的名词或代词用主格或所有格；如果动名词作宾语或表语，示行为主第体的名词或代词用宾格或所有格。
It is no use your (或 you) trying to shift the blame on to anybody else.
你试图把责任推给别人是徒劳的。
He would imagine himself winning before each game.
在每次比赛之前他都想象自己获胜的情景。（反身代词不用所有格）
How many opportunities present themselves without us （或our) noticing them!
有多少机遇出现在眼前而我们却视而不见啊！
Time cannot be lengthened by man’s subjective will, but it can be shortened by his (或 him) wasting it.
时间不会因人的主观意志而延长，但却会因人为的浪费而缩短。
Everything starts with you (或 your) making up your mind what you’re going to do with your life.
一切事情皆开始于下定决心如何对待人生。13.5 动名词的被动式和完成式
13.5.1动名词的被动式
A thing is bigger for being shared.
一个事物因分享而更有价值。
We get pleasure from loving and being loved.
我们从爱和被爱中得到快乐。
I am always ready to learn, but I do not always like being taught.
我总是乐于学习，但我并不总是喜欢被人指教。
13.5.2动名词的完成式
No good thing has been, or can be enjoyed by us, without having first cost labor.
不首先付出辛劳，我们不曾享受，现在也不能享受任何美好的事物。
I have sometimes asked myself whether my country is the better for my having lived at all.
我有时问过自己，我的国家是否因为我的存在而变得更加美好。
I have the consolation of having added nothing to my private fortune during my public service.
我感到慰藉的是，在我做公职期间，没有过中饱私嚢。3.6 动名词的习惯表达
13.6.1 do接动名词 表示做笼统的一类事情:
动名同的被动式其某本形式为doing +动词的过去分同，成式其基本形式为 having +动词的过去分词。
do reading 看书 do washing 洗衣服
do shopping买东西 do banking办理银行业务
动名词前可以有some，any, the, 或物主代词。
Don’t do all the talking；be willing to listen.
不要只顾自己讲；要愿意倾听。
If you do the convincing, you must believe what you’re saying.
如果你说服别人，就必须相信自己说的话。
A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge.
胜者不怕独立思考，不怕运用自己的知识。
No接动名词
用于警戒语，表示“严禁做某事”。如：
No burning. 严禁烟火。
No parking. 严禁停车。
No spitting. 严禁吐痰。
No cheating on the exam. 考试不得作弊。
No scribbling on the wall. 不得在墙上乱涂乱画。
No soliciting is allowed in this building 本楼内禁止兜售。
There is no 接动名词
该句型相当于 It is impossible to do sth.
There is no turning back.
永不回头。（相当于 It is impossible to turn back.)
There is no holding back the wheel of history.
历史的车轮不能倒转。（相当于 It is impossible to hold back the wheel of history .) There is no going to heaven in a sedan.
坐轿不可能上天堂。（相当于 It is impossible to go to heaven in a sedan.)
When people have hope, there is no telling how far they can go.
当人们有了希望，他们的成功就不可估量。（相当于When people have hope, it is impossible to tell how far they can go.)
It is often wrongly held that there is no escaping from fate.
人们往往错误地以为命运是无法摆脱的。（相当于It is often wrongly held that it is impossible to escape from fate.)
动词不定式是由不定式符号to后接动词原形构成，也有个别情况不带to，只 用动词原形。不定式在句中不能作谓语动词，所以属于非谓语动词的范畴。不定 式可以行使名词、形容词和副词的功能。
No dumping.严禁说倒垃圾。
No smoking.严禁吸烟。
No trespassing.不得擅自进入。