口语常用句型基础课讲义.doc

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第一单元
Getting to Know Each Other
一、经典句型
1. Hello，Dave.
2. Good afternoon，everyone.
3. Excuse me. Are you Professor Johnson？
4. I'm Karl Smith. This is Mr. Dai.
5. May I have your name，please？
6. How do you do？
7. Nice to meet you！
8. Let me introduce Linda to you！
9. What do you do？
10. How are you this evening？
11. I'm fine. Thank you. How are you doing？
12. Hi，Jenny. What's up？
13. Are you from the U.S.？
14. Are you going to Toronto，too？
15. How was your flight？
16. Good morning，Mr. Johnson. Did you sleep well？
17. Nice talking to you.
18. Have a good day！
19. Keep in touch.
20. See you around.
二、佳句赏析
Visiting Friends
　　1．情景会话　
(David Smith and his wife，Joanna，go visiting Travis Johnson，S&S's General Man
ager and his wife，Betty.)
Travis： Welcome！ David，we're so glad you could make it.
David： Thank you for inviting us. Uh，Travis，this is my wife，Joanna. .
Joanna： How do you do？ I've heard a lot about you.
Travis： How do you do？ Oh，and this is my wife，Betty.
Betty： So happy to meet you both.─sit down，just make yourself at home.
D&J： Thank you.
Joanna： What a lovely house！Did you make it yourself，Mrs. Johnson？
Betty ： Oh，call me Beth. Yes，I did the decorating…if you can call it that. Actually，I just tried to make it as simple as possible. I don't like a lot of frills.
Jonna： Oh，me，the same！ That's why I think it's so beautiful
2．对话要点分析
1) David，we're so glad you could make it.
We're so glad you could make it. 意思是：We're so glad you could finally come.
Did you make it yourself意思是Did you decorate it yourself？
I just tried to make it as simple as possible意思是I just tried to decorate it as simple as possible
“make”在口语中表达意思和应用功能很多，大家要特别注意积累与它相关的习语和句型。
2.) I've heard a lot about you.
初次见面，当然要说一些客套话，中文里的“久仰大名”，在英语口语中就变为了I've heard a lot about you.或者是I've often heard about you.
3.) So happy to meet you both.
如果初次和两个人见面，就可以在句末加上both.如果是两个人以上，可以说
Nice to meet you all.
4.) Just make yourself at home.
客人来访，通常要说“请别拘束”，那么英语就是用以上这个句子。
5.) What a lovely house！
这是客套话，类似的还有 What a lovely car! What a nice garden! What a cute child!
6.) Call me Beth.
即使刚认识，美国人也更加愿意让对方叫自己的名字，而非姓氏，这样会显得彼此的关系更加亲密些。
Meeting for the first time
　　1．情景会话
　　　 (David goes to the airport to meet Joanna's uncle， Dr. Johnson. This is the first time they meet. )
Dave： Excuse me，are you Dr. Smith？
Dr. Smith： Yes I am. And you...
Dave： I'm David，Joanna's husband. She has to be at work late today. So she asked me to pick you up here.
Dr. Smith： So nice to meet you，David. Call me Bill. It's very nice of you to come here.
David： My pleasure....
　　2．对话要点分析
1.) Excuse me，are you Dr. Smith？
Excuse me 这个短句可以引起别人的注意，也让自己的问话显得更加礼貌。
2.) She asked me to pick you up here.
Pick sb. up 是非常口语化的说法，即“去接某人”。
3.) My pleasure.
在正式场合，当别人对你表达谢意时，可以说My　pleasure,即“（为您效劳）是我的荣幸”。
Introducing People
　　1．介绍认识
Alice： Mary，this is Joe's brother David.
Mary： I'm very glad to meet you.
Carl： It's a pleasure to meet you.
Mary： How do you like Texas so far？
Carl： It's really different from what I expected.
Mary： Don't worry. You'll get used to it in no time.　　　
　　2．对话要点分析　　　
1.)I'm very glad to meet you. It's a pleasure to meet you.
自己被介绍时，以上两句都可以表达对对方的敬意。
2.) How do you like Texas so far？
意思是“到目前为止，你对德克萨斯印象如何？”询问对当地的印象，也是北美人初次认识时经常谈到的话题之一。
类似的问法还有：
What's your impression of the United States？
What do you think of Dallas？
Meeting Again
　　1．重逢
Paul：Julie，is that you？
Julie：Yes. And you're Paul，right？Paul Hill？
Paul：Yes，it's me. And you're Julie Ashley. How are you？
Julie：I'm fine. After ten years，you still look great！
Paul：So do you！How are you doing？
Julie：Not bad. Let's find a table and sit down. We have a lot to talk about.
Paul：Okay，let's sit over there.　　　
　　2．对话要点分析：　　　
1.) You still look great！
Great在这里的意思就是“很棒”。
2.) How are you doing？
这句话等同于How are you? 但回答稍有不同，一般可以回答 Not bad. 或 I'm doing well.
Getting to know people
1．认识人
Donna： Hi. Sorry I'm late.
Bill： Oh，that's OK. We just got here. Donna，this is my fiancé，Mary. Mary，this is my old friend，Donna. We went to school together.
Mary： Hi，Donna. I'm really glad to meet you.
Donna： Hi，Mary. I've heard a lot about you.
Mary： All good，I hope!
　　　Bill： Donna just got back from California.
　　　Mary： Really? How was it?
　　　Donna： It was fantastic.
　　　Bill： You went with your brother，didn't you？
　　　Donna： Yeah. We saw a lot of California，that's for sure!
　　　Mary： I heard you like golf.
　　　Donna： I love it! We played six different golf courses. Do you play？
　　　Mary： I sure do! How about a game this weekend？
　　　Bill： Uh-oh. I was afraid of this.　　　
2．对话要点分析：
Really？ How was it？
这里的Really?其实是表达轻微的惊讶，How is sth.? 则是问某物如何的句型。
三、时尚美语
1. “Yo, Dave!”
2. Hey, man.
3. What up, what up!
4. Later!
5. Call me!
6. Nice chatting with you!
7. Howdy!
8. Pleasure.
9. Catch you later!
10. Enjoy!
11. Hey, brother.
12. Hey, dog.
13. What up, girl.
14. Talk to you.
15. see, yeah!
四，举一反三
1. Hello. Good morning！
嗨！下午好！
晚安！
2. Hi，How are you doing？
身体还好吗？
一切都好吗？
最近过的怎么样？
希望能很快再见面。
13. I haven't seen you for ages.
好久不见。
你最近怎么样？
你最近忙什么呢？
17. Excuse me. Don't I know you from somewhere？
请问，我们以前见过吗？
我好像在哪儿见过你，是吗？
我们一起上过英语课吧？
你曾经在新东方上过课吧？
有问有答：
11. A ？
B： No，I'm not Dr. Brown. Dr. Brown is over there.
12. A： ，
Mr. Johnson is the marketing director in this company.
B： .
13. A： What's your name？
B： .
14. A： .
B： My name is Jenny Brown. Please call me Jenny.
30. A：Hello. Allow me to introduce myself. I'm your neighbor. My name is Linda.
B：Hi， . Nice to meet you.
A： .
33. A： Happy New Year！
B： .
A： ？
B： I've been invited over to a friend’s. And you？
A： My roommate’s having a party.
34. A： Wendy，I'd like you to meet my brother Sam.
B： Hi.
C： .
B： ？
C： Well，I'm still feeling a little homesick and so many things seem strange to me.
B： You're bound to feel that way at first，I guess.

35. A： Have a nice weekend！
B： .
A： ？
B： Well，my family's away and I can't afford to do much. What about you？
A： .
五、身临其境
1.Greetings 打招呼
Dave： Bill!
Bill： ，Dave.
Dave： How are you doing？
Bill： . This is my sister，Jenny
Dave： ，Jenny.
Jenny： ，Dave.
Jenny：Look Is that Mr. Robinson?
Bill： Yes. Mr. Robinson! Mr. Robinson!
Mr. Robinson： Bill! Good morning. How are you？
Bill： . So nice to see you here. This is my friend，David. David，this is Mr. Robinson. Mr. Robinson is an old friend of my family.
David： .
Mr. Robinson： ，Dave
...
3.Getting to know each other
Patty： Hello.
Ray： Hello. I'm Ray.
Patty： I'm Patty. Where are you from，Ray？
Ray： Here ... London，England! ?
Patty： I'm Australian.
Ray： ?
Patty： I'm a designer. And before you ask，I live in London，I'm twenty-three and I'm not married.
Ray： Oh ... er ... well ... I ...
Mike：Hey，Ray. Hello.
Ray： Mike. Hello. Good to see you. Mike，this is Patty. She's a designer from Australia，she lives in London，she's twenty-five ...
Patty： Twenty-three.
Ray： Twenty-three，and .
Mike： .
Patty： Pleased to meet you，Mike ... Oh look! There's Sam. Sam，Sam ... over here.
Sam： Oh，hi，Patty! What's going on here？
Patty： Sam. .
Sam： Hi.
Ray： Pleased to meet you.
Mike： Hello.
Patty： But we don't know anything about Ray，do we？ What do you do Ray？
Ray： Well，it's a bit difficult to explain ...

第二单元
Speaking in a Polite Way

一、经典句型
1. You look great today.
2. You're welcome.
3. I'm sorry, it was all my fault.
4. It doesn't matter.
5. May I help you？
6. Will you do me a favor？
7. You've been really helpful.
8. Do you mind my smoking？
9. I'd appreciate if you could turn down the radio a little bit.
10. Call me up sometime，OK？
11. I'm sorry to hear that.
12. May I bother you for a moment？
13. Will you excuse us for a while？
14. Wouldn't you like some coffee？
15. I'd rather have some tea，if you don't mind.
16. I was wondering what your opinion of ...is
17. Don't you want to go see a movie？
18. Would you like to join us？
19. I'd love to. But I'll have to go to the library tonight.
20. I hate to say this, but I really have to make a complaint.
1．You look great today.
这是一句称赞别人的话，在实际应用时，这类句子又有打招呼的效果。赞美和鼓励是西方生活文化的重要方面，几乎所有的年轻女性都被称为：pretty girl/pretty woman; 即使你不算漂亮，人们也会夸赞你nice，kind，cute...要是你换了新发型，朋友见到你就会讲You　look　great　today！这类的句型。即使你的变化并不是让你更美，他们也会说：You　look　different！　总之，老美老是能够想出办法赞美你。注意：当别人夸赞自己的时候，千万别忘了感谢人家的好意，说声：Thank you， 而不能一味的说No，no， no，更不要问where, where。
举例：
A： Hi， Melissa. You gotta hair cut？ You look so different！
　　B： Thanks.
　　A： You look so pretty today！
　　B： Thanks，you look great，too.
2．You're welcome.
外国人在得到别人感谢的时候，一般会说You　are　welcome，
表示“不用谢，我很乐意帮你的忙”。在澳大利亚，人们也常用：　
It's ok. 这一句型来回应。
3．I'm sorry， it's all my fault.
Sorry一词在英语国家很常用，在北美，道歉不一定非要说Sorry；同样，Sorry也不一定表示道歉。例如，有时Sorry可以用来引起别人的注意。这时，Sorry的用法相当于Excuse　me。特别是在北美，Sorry经常被用来代替Excuse　me。当用疑问语气说Sorry这个词的时候，一般时表示“我没听清，请再说一遍”的意思。
　　表示歉意的程度一般有很多因素决定。比如，场合有多正式？双方的关系如何？当然，
最重要的还是要看你犯的错误到底有多严重。错误越严重，相应的道歉也就应该越郑重。正
式的道歉一般包括四个部分：
a) 首先用正式的语言表达歉意。可以直接说“I'm sorry”，也可以说
　　I didn't mean to ...”；
I'm awfully sorry.
That was entirely my fault.
I do apologize.
b) 解释一下这个错误是如何造成的；
It was really careless of me.
How clumsy of me！
I'm afraid I overslept.
c) 提出将采用何种方法来弥补这个错误；
d) 保证下次不会再发生类似的错误；
Such things will never happen again.
I will be more careful next time.
Of course, I will do a better job.
I'm sorry, it was all my fault.
非常抱歉，我没想到会这样。
太对不起了，我并不是故意想伤害你。
我要郑重向你道歉，你能接受吗？

4．It doesn't matter
一般情况下，别人道歉后，接受道歉的人都应该用礼貌的方式来表示原谅。
　　例如：Oh well, never mind.
　　　　　It's nothing.等等。
　　举例:
　　　A: I'm terribly sorry, Carla.
　　　B: What's happened, Rob?
　　　A: I'm afraid I've broken a glass.
　　　B: It doesn't matter. I can get another one.
　　　A: I'm awfully sorry, but I seem to have mislaid your scarf.
　　　B: Oh, don't worry about that.
　　　A: I just don't know what to say. I'll replace it, of course.
B: No, that's quite out of the question.
That's all right.
我不介意。
没关系。
5．May I help you？
这样的句型经常出自服务行业的人员：餐厅、饭店、商场等工作人员看到客人的时候，总会在适当的时候问出：May　I　help you？这类的句型。
举例
　　　A： Good morning. May I help you？
B： I'd like to buy a pair of leather shoes.

　　　A： Good afternoon. China World Hotel. Can I help you？
　　　B： May I speak to Joanna Johnson？

6．Do you mind my smoking？
Do you mind my smoking?
I'd appreciate if you could turn down the radio a little bit.
这两个句子用来向别人提出询问和要求，大家可以看出来，当你想做的事情可能会给别人带来不便时，说话应该比较婉转客气，以表示你对他人的尊重。
要注意，对Do　you/will　you/would　you　mind+doing这个句型，如果你不同意对方，你
应该回答I'm　afraid　yes.如果你同意对方，直接回答：No， not at all. / Not at all， please / go ahead， please 。
7．I'd appreciate if you could turn down the radio a little bit.
这句通过　“appreciate” 和if 引导的从句来使得语气更委婉，容易让人接受。
　　举一个例子，如果前面有人挡住了你的视线，你可以这样表达：
　　Do you / will you / would you mind move aside a little bit？
　　你也可以这样表达：I'd appreciate if you could move aside a little bit.
举例：
A： You mind my opening the window？
B： Not at all.
A： Is it possible you turn down the radio a little bit？ I'd appreciate.
B： Sure.
8.I'm sorry to hear that.
　在听到不幸的消息时，这是人们常用的一种表达方法，表示对别人不幸遭遇的同情。
例如别人说：When I was 6 years old， my father passed away. 那么听者就会回答：I'm sorry to hear that.
9. Will you excuse us for a while？
这句话看起来是要别人excuse　us，而实际上这是在向别人提出要求，请他回避，直白的意
思就是：Leave　us　alone. Get　out　of　my　room/face，但是这样的语言十分直白，甚至有些粗鲁，只能和家人、朋友使用，或者是你在任性、发脾气时。例：
　　Will you excuse us for a while？ I want to have a personal conversation with Joanna.
10.I'd love to. But I'll have to go to the library tonight.
　大家注意，这是一个典型的拒绝别人邀请的句型。先注意前半部分，一般都会认为是
肯定回答的标志，但是再看后半部分，出现But并跟了一个完美的理由。一般在拒绝别人
之前，并不直接回答No，总是先对邀请虚伪地表达一下感激或赞赏，然后提出拒绝他人的合理理由。如果是接受邀请，则通常会用“Sure”，“Of　Course”．“Why　not”？等直接
的肯定方式。
11.I hate to say this, but I really have to make a complaint？
在英语国家，人们不大愿意向其他人表示抱怨，当然更没有人愿意听到别人的抱怨。因此，
当他们提出抱怨的时候，他们常常使用一种表示抱歉的口吻。

常用礼貌用语的句型语汇总结：
感谢他人
Thank you so much！
　　Thanks a million / Thanks a lot.
　　I feel/am very grateful (for your help.)
　　I'd appreciate.
　　回答
　　You are welcome.
　　Don't mention it.
　　My pleasure.
向人道歉
　　I'm sorry, it was all my fault.
　　Excuse me for ...
　　I really am so sorry.
　　I'm awfully sorry. I didn't realize.
　　I'm sorry. I didn't mean to hurt your feeling.
I'm terribly sorry about...
I'm very sorry for...
　　It was most careless of me.
　　It was really quite unintentional.
　　It was most careless of me.
　　It was wrong of me.
　　I really feel bad about...
　　How clumsy of me to...
　　I apologize for...
　　I can't tell you how sorry I am.
　　I do apologize about that.
　　I beg you pardon.
　　I hope you will pardon me for...
　　I must apologize ...
　　I'm extremely sorry.
　　May I offer you my sincere apologies for ...？
　　Please forgive me for...
　　I've got to apologize for...
　　回答
　 It doesn't matter at all.
　　It's not your fault.
　　It's nothing.
　　Never mind.
　　It's all right.
　　Please don't worry.
　　I quite understand.
　　Don't let it worry you.
　　Don't think any more about it.
　　Not to worry.
　　Forget it.
　　Please don't feel bad about it.
　　Please don't blame yourself.
　　There's no need for you to worry.
　　There's no reason to apologize.
　　It's really not necessary.
请求帮助
　　Will you do me a favor？
　　Can you help me？
　　Will you give me a hand？
　　Please do me a favor.
　　Do me a favor and ..., will you？
　　Could/would you do ...，please？
　　Do you think you could do...？
表示愿意帮忙
　　Yes, of course.
　　Sure!
　　No problem
　　All right.

婉转地表示不能提供帮助
　　I'm afraid I can't...
　　I really/do wish I could help you, but I'm afraid...
　　I'd like to help, but I'm afraid...
　　I'd love to help, only...
提出要求
　　May I smoke here？
　　May I bother you a moment？
　　Do you mind / would you mind my smoking here？
　　Do you think you could possibly lend me 50p？
　　Would you mind taking a photo of me？
　　Would you care / mind if I smoke here？
　　Will you excuse us for a while？
　　Would you / will you please pass me that cake？
Excuse me miss, could we have a table over there？(注意这是一句向餐厅服务员提出要求坐在某处的问句。回答可能会是： I'm sorry, we're closing that section.)
　　I wonder if you could possibly do ...？
　　Would you mind doing...？
提出建议、发出邀请
　　What do you want?
　　You want some Coffee?
　　Would you like some coffee?
　　Wouldn't you like some coffee?
　　Wouldn't you like to go out for a walk?
　　Why not go out for a walk?
表达意愿
　　I want to have some Cola.
　　I'd like to have some orange juice.
　　I'd love to go to a concert.
　　I prefer to see a movie.
　　I'd rather stay at home.
　　I'd rather not go out.
不同意或者拒绝别人的做法、建议、要求、邀请，提出自己的意见、要求
　　I'd appreciate if y