维克多维词课堂人教版B5U2.pptx

单击此处编辑标题,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2019/11/15,#,教材版本：人教,维,册别单元：,B5,U2,词,课,堂,A word is a microcosm of human consciousness.Vygotsky,credit,convenience,;,delight,historical;,error,rough,possibility,break down,arrange,original,一词多义,辨析义,抽象名词,一词多义,一词多义,重难点词,抽象,名词,一词多义,一词多义,credit,warming-up story,说到,credit,一词大家都会想到,credit card,（信用卡），但是你知道第一张信用卡的由来吗？,据说第一张信用卡是由就餐者俱乐部发行的，这张卡的发明者是该俱乐部的创始人,弗兰克,麦克纳马拉。有一次弗兰克请客吃饭，却偏偏忘了带钱夹，付账时尴尬万分。通达的老板解围说：“我知道你信誉一向非常好，下次来一起付吧。,”,这起意外使弗兰克得到了启发，他和朋友施耐德合作，在纽约创办了“就餐者俱乐部”，为,200,名会员发放一张证明身份和支付能力的卡片，他们凭卡片可以在纽约,27,家饭店用餐而不需带现金，到时只要,和就餐,者俱乐部一次清账就可以了。信用卡就是一种信贷。,credit,credit,信用报告,人们在购买房屋或者办理信用卡时，银行会查询其个人信用报告,(,credit report),。,credit,的词源,credit,的,词源义,为,“相信”,、,“信任”,。随着,商品经济的发展,，产生,了经济往来上的“信任”关系,，,并,衍生出,“,信用,”,等,含义,。,credit,/5kredIt/,R3,n,U,信用；信誉：,gain/lose,credit,取得,/,失去信任,He is a man of great credit in our school.,他在我们,学校是一位极有信誉的人。,It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as,late payments may affect your credit.,准时付电费很,重要，因为晚缴费可能会影响你的信用。,2016,浙,江,U,赊账；信贷：,My father had told me Id have to ask for credit at the,store.,父亲说，我只能到店里赊账购买了。,It doesnt matter whether you pay in cash or by,credit,card,in this store.,在这家商店里你用现金或,信用卡,支付,都可以。,2012,山东改,Most new cars are bought,on,credit,.,大多数新汽车,都是贷款买的,。,注意粗体突显的词块,C,学分：,I dont have enough credits to graduate.,我学分不够，还不能毕业。,to sbs credit,为某人增光；值得赞扬：,To their credit the four countries do work together,in some,areas,but they still have very different,institutions.,值得赞扬的是这四个国家,在,一些,领域共,同,协作,，,但在制度上它们还是大不相同。人教,2,低义频释义,convenience;,delight,抽象名词具体化,词汇学习点拨：,抽象名词具体化,attraction U,吸引,；吸引力,不可数的抽象名词用来表示可数的人或物，这种,现象,被称,为,“,抽象名词具体化,”。这种情况下，,名词,的数和,词义,都,发生,变化,。,attraction,C,有,吸引力的事物,/,人,comfort U,舒适,(,感,),；安逸,(,感,),comfort C,令人感到安慰的人或物,h,ono(u)r U,荣誉,h,ono(u)r C,光荣,的人,/,事,convenience,/kEn5vi:njEns/,便利,；方便,：,a convenience store便利,店,convenience,foods,方便,食品,The,convenience of city life is one of its,main attractions,.,便利是城市生活诱人的主要原因,之一。,England is the largest of the four countries,and,for,convenience,it is divided roughly into three zones,.,在,这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便,起见,，它被大致划分为三,个地区,。人教,2,n,C,便利的事物；便利设施,：,It was a great convenience to live near my company,.,住,在公司附近对我是一大便利,。,at,sbs,convenience,正式用语,在某人方便时：,Please come at your convenience.,请在你方便的,时候,过来,。,at,your,earliest,convenience,正式用语,书信用语,尽早；尽快：,We would appreciate it if you could reply at,your earliest,convenience.,如果您能尽早回复，我们,将不胜,感激。,2011,上海书面表达改,Ready meals sell well because of their,convenience,.,方便食品销路好是因为它们方便。,a,hotel with all the,modern,conveniences,一家配有现代设施的酒店,convenience,U,便利；方便,the quality of being useful,easy or suitable for sb,convenience,C,便利的事物；便利设施,something,that,is useful and can make things easier or quicker to do,or more comfortable,指抽象的,品质,指具体的,事物,convenience,C,令人高兴的事,(,joy),：,Bedtime stories are one of,the,delights,of,early childhood,.,睡前故事是儿时的一大乐趣,。,It,is,a,delight,to,see my parents so,fit,and healthy.,看到,父母身体这么健康我真高兴。,The children are reading,with,delight,.,孩子们在高兴地读书。,It is a,delight,to,read books.,读书是,件让人惬意的事。,delight,delight,U,快乐；,高兴,a feeling of great pleasure,delight,C,令人高兴的事,something,that gives you great pleasure,指抽象的,感觉,指具体的,事物,即学即练,一、根据句意，用适当的词填空,。,1._ my delight,I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.,(2015,福建单项,填空,),.,2.,The guitar is,_ delight to,play,.,3._ convenience,the German translation is printed below.,4.Can you telephone me _ your convenience to arrange a meeting?,To,a,For,at,二、,根据,所给汉语完成下列句子,。,1.,They offered me a ticket for the concert,and I accepted,it,_(,高兴地,).(2007,浙江单词拼写,),2.In short,changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us _(,舒适便利,).(2004,北京书面表达,)3.,A guest should suit,_.,客随主便,。,4.,_ have friends,coming from afar.,有,朋自远方,来，不亦乐乎。,with/in delight,comfort and convenience,the convenience of the host,It is such a,delight,to,historical,historic,historical,historic,adj,常用于名词前,历史上著名的；有历史意义,的,famous or important in,history,：,historical,adj,常用于名词前,有关历史的,；历史上,的,connected with history or the,study of history;that really lived or happened in the past,：,两者皆与“历史”有关，单纯看汉语释义不易区分，这时需要借助英语释义来帮助理解二者的差别,根据英语释义：,历史上有名的或重要的，强调历史意义,根据英语释义：,有关历史的或历史学的；历史上真实存在的,historic,历史上,著名的；有历史意义,的,famous or important in,history,historical,有关历史的,；历史上,的,connected,with history or the,study of history;that really lived or happened in the past,试比较下面三组英文短语，并与其对应的汉语意思连线：,historic novels,historical novels,historical events,historic events,historical relics,historic relics,历史小说,有历史意义的小说,历史事件,值得纪念的历史事件,有历史价值的文物,历史文物,二、将下列短语译成英语。,1.,历史名人,_,2.,历史性的时刻,_,3.,历史名胜,_,4.,历史小说,_,三、用正确的词填空。,(historic,historical),Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a _,area of a city?In order to answer this question,we must first examine whether people,really want to preserve the _ feel of an area.Not all _,buildings are attractive.However,there may be other reasons for example,economic,(,经济的,),reasons why they should be preserved.So,let us assume that,_ buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people.,What should we do then if a new building is needed?,(,2014,安徽阅读理解,),famous historical figures,a historic moment,places of historical interest,a h,istorical,novel,historic,historic,historical,historical,rough,Rough,是日本著名,漫画家,安达内,的,经典漫画,，,同,他的,其他,作品,，如,Touch,、,H2,等，,都是,漫画,迷心中的不朽之作。,Rough,的中文译名,我爱芳邻,有点无厘头，不如英文名本身能突出青春这一主题。然而，,rough,与青春又有什么关系呢,？,rough,rough,的基本义,一般而言，词汇释义的演化是有一定的时间顺序的，首先产生的是表示物理,/,生理特征的词义，之后才产生表示“情感,/,性格”特征的词义，因而，,rough,的基本义是“粗糙的”，随后才出现“粗略的”，“难受的”，“多暴力的；犯罪率高的”等词义,，,这样才符合人类,思维发展的,顺序。,rough,ground,高低不平的地面,rough,kids,粗野的小孩,a,rough,sketch,草图,rough,/rQf,/,adj,(,表面,),粗糙,的；,(,道路,),崎岖的,：,a rough road,崎岖的道路,Your hand was rough but strong and warm.,你的,手粗糙,但温暖有力。译林,1,反,smooth,(,天气,),恶劣的；有暴风雨的；风浪大的：,rough weather,狂风暴雨的天气,sail in,rough sea,在波涛汹涌的大海上航行,无比较级变化,粗略的：,a,rough,estimate,粗略,估计,艰难,的,(,tough,),；难受的：,have,a,rough,time,处境,艰难,多,暴力的；犯罪率高的：,It was a rough neighbourhood and it was,already dark,.,这是一个暴力多发的地段，并且天,已经黑了。外研,3,朦胧的青春是草稿，打造人生的基础。正值青春的同学如同,未经,打磨,的,璞玉。成语,rough diamond,的意思就是“未经打磨的璞玉”。如：,Peter looks awkward,but he is a,rough,diamond,.,彼,得看上去笨手笨脚，但事实上他是一个内秀的人。,Ill have to say that Mary is a,diamond in the rough,.,我认为玛丽是一个外粗内秀的人。,成,语,rough,diamond,possibility,用,possibility,翻译下面的两句名言：,1.,正是梦想有成真的可能，才使得生活有乐趣。,保罗,戈埃罗,Its the _ that makes life interesting.,2.,当,你穷尽所有可能的办法时，要记住：你并没有,(,穷尽,),。,托马斯,爱迪生,When you have exhausted all _,remember this you havent.,学 前 检 测,possibility,正是梦想有成真的可能，才使得生活有乐趣。,保罗,戈埃罗,当,你穷尽所有可能的办法时，要记住：你并没有,(,穷尽,),。,托马斯,爱迪生,1.,掌握,possibility,的基本释义“,可能；可能性,”以及惯常用法：,possibility of(doing)sth,2.,掌握,possibility,抽象名词具体化的释义“,可能的办法,”以及,常用复数,的用法,3.,了解,possibility,的不常用释义,“,发展前途；潜在价值,”,以及,常用复数,的用法,学 习 提 示,possibility,/,/,n,U&C,可能性；可能,：,Is there any,possibility of,our getting there in time?,我们有可能及时赶到那里吗？,There is,a possibility that,we will travel to China this Easter holiday.,这次复活节假期我们有可能去中国旅游。北师大,13,Theres no,possibility that,any of us will ever forget,.,我们绝不可能忘记。,C,常用复数,可能的办法,：,possibilities,for,/,of,reducing costs,降低成本的可能方法,C,常用复数,发展前途；潜在价值,：,They were surprised at the possibilities of the Internet.,他们对互联网的发展前景感到惊讶。译林,3,第一层释义较为熟悉，重点掌握其用法,第二层释义相对陌生，需重点掌握，注意其常用复数,第三层是低义频释义，稍加了解，注意其常用复数,一、英汉互译。,1.,按时赶到那里的可能性,_,2.,很有可能,/,有很大的可能性,_,3.the possibilities of the Internet _,4.exhaust all the possibilities,_,5.The possibilities are endless._,二、将下列句子译成英语。,1.,正是梦想有成真的可能，才使得生活有乐趣。,_,2.,当,你穷尽所有可能的办法时，要记住：你并没有,(,穷尽,),。,_,3.,鲍勃不可能在比赛中赢得一等奖。,(possibility),_,the possibility of getting there on time,用尽一切可能的办法,/,手段,可想的办法是无穷的。,a strong/real/distinct possibility,Its the possibility of having a dream come true that makes life interesting.,When you exhausted all possibilities,remember this:you havent,.,There is no possibility that Bob can win the first prize in the match,.,互联网的发展前景,即学即练,break down,break down,追根溯源,名词,breakdown,来源于短语动词,break down,，它们的词源相同，都是“倒塌；垮掉”，所以,break down,的基本义是“倒塌”。,break down,(机器等,),出故障；,(,身体等,),垮掉；,(,情感等,),失控：,On my way to the station my car broke down.,去车站的路上，我的车坏了。,人教 2,Her health,broke down,under the pressure of work.,她的身体在工作压力下垮掉了。,He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his newspapers.,想到没卖掉所有的报纸，他禁不住哭了起来。,2015,湖北,(,谈判等),失败:,Talks,between the two sides have broken down.,双方的谈判,破裂,了。,这层释义高考考查较多,把,分成若干部分:,Each,lesson is broken down into several units.,每一课都分成几部分,。,打破；,消除:,Getting young people together will help to break down the,barriers between them.,把年轻人聚集起来,会有助于消除他们之间,的隔阂,。,一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。,1.Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networksbreak down,in disasters.2013,福建单项填空,_,2.News reports say peace talks between the two countries have,broken down,with no agreement reached._,3.To understand the grammar of the sentence,you must,break,it,down,into parts._,4.He,broke down,and cried when he heard the news._,5.The two countries are going to meet to,break down,some barriers to trade between them.2014,天津单项填空,_,即学即练,出故障,失败,把,分,成,若干部,分,失控,消除,arrange,arrange,追根溯源,arrange,来自于法语，最初意为“把,弄成一排”，后来意为“把东西放整齐”，所以它的基本义是“排列”。,arrange,安排；筹划,编写,/,改编,(,乐曲,),排列；整理,基本义,“排列”事情,“排列”乐曲,由具体到抽象,由一事物到另一事物,语义,结构图,arrange,/,E5reIndV/,v,vt,排列；整理,to put sth ina particular,order,：,The list is arranged alphabetically.,这个名单是,按字母,顺序排列的。,You can arrange things from beginning to end,small to large or by some other order.,你可以按照从头到尾、从小到大或其他顺序来整理物品。,2012,陕西,英语释义能帮助准确地理解其释义。,vt&vi,安排；筹划,to make plans and preparations for sth to happen,：,My dad arranged some swimming lessons to surprise me.,为了给我惊喜，爸爸安排了一些游泳,课,。,译林,1,arrange(for sb/sth)to do sth,:,Dave arranged for,someone,to drive him home.,戴夫,安排人开车送他回家。,Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of,his money,to establish the Nobel prizes.,诺贝尔在遗嘱中,把他,的大部分钱捐献出来设立诺贝尔奖。,2009,广东,该用法考频较高。,arrange with sbabout sth):,Ive arranged with the neighbours about feeding the cat while we are away.,我们外出期间喂猫的事，我已和邻居安排妥了。,arrange+wh-to do sth:,We havent yet arranged when to meet.,我们还没定好何时见面。,arrange+that,从句,：,The manager arranged that the meeting should be put off for a couple of days.,经理安排会议推迟几天。,vt,编写,/,改编,(乐曲,),to write or change a piece of music,：,write and arrange musical compositions,编写并改编音乐作品,熟词生义，培养学生由基本义推测其衍生义的能力。,即学即练,一,、写出,画线词的正确释义,。,_,1.The,secretary,arranged,a,convenient time and place for the,applicants,to have an interview,.(2012,天津单项填空,),_,2.The children were,arranged,in lines according to height.,_,3.He,arranged,traditional folk songs for the piano.,安排,排列,改编乐曲,original,The originals,初代吸血鬼,初代吸血鬼（,The Originals,）,是,吸血鬼日记,的衍生剧,，,该剧讲述了初代吸血鬼的家族成员尼克劳斯、以利亚和丽贝卡三兄妹返回新奥尔良定居后，并与其之前的门徒马赛尔开始争夺,统治权、地区女巫作斗争,的惊险故事。,original,100%,原创,original,the original sheet,原文件,the,copied,ones,复印件,我们,用手机发照片时，会出现“原图”的选项，发原图，清晰度会更高，,original picture,就是原图的意思。,追根溯源,original,的基本义是“最初的；最早”,(first in time,，,earliest),，随着所指对象的转移而衍生出其他释义。,original,/,5rIdVnl/,R,3,adj,只用于名词前,最初的；原先的,first;earliest(before any changes or developments),：,Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building.,遗憾的是，这个图书馆已经从原来的地方搬到另一座大楼里去了。人教,2,只用于名词前,原创的；原作的,：,In a word,to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.,总之，阅读原著比观看改编的电影更好。,给出英语释义，注意括号内注释,阅读星级三级,释义,只用于名词前,新颖的；创新的；独特的,new and interesting;different from others of its type,：,Thats not a very original suggestion.,那个建议没什么新意。,n,C,原文；原作；原稿,：,the book,in,the,original,原著,名词由形容词转化而来,给出英语释义,拓展,originally,/5rIdVnli/,R,2,adv,本来；原来,：,The store was originally quite small.,这家店原来非常小。,Originally,we had planned a tour of Scotland,but we didnt go in the end.,起先，我们计划到苏格兰旅游，但最后没有成行。,练 习,一、写出,original,在下列句子中的汉语释义。,1.We required that the entries be,original,and interesting and be presented in English within five minutes.(2010,湖南书面表达,),_,新颖的,_,2.The,new rate is$199 per night,instead of the,original,$,179.,(2016,全国听力,),_,原来的,_,3.The moral of the,original,story,is,that a,wicked person,cannot,escape,punishment.,(2014,福建阅读理解,),_,原创的,_,二、将下列句子译为英语。,1.,原画作现,收藏于这家博物馆。,The original painting is,now in the museum.,2.,我更喜欢,读它的原著,。,(original,n,),Id prefer to read it,in the original,.,