考研强化班写作脚本概述.docx

2011考研强化班写作脚本
王江涛
注：该讲义包括课程中所讲到的全部内容，只需要按照顺序，对照课程使用即可，不需要其他的讲义和教材。希望学员认真学习，做好相应的笔记。
第一节

一、 考研动向：
（一）最新变化：
1、硕士分类：
1）学术型研究生：重学术
2）专业学位研究生：重应用
2、英语分类：
1）英语一：重学术201
2）英语二：重应用204
3、词汇变难：
1）基本要求：
A. 一词多义，熟词僻义：
B. 四大词性：名词、动词、形容词、副词
2）最新要求：
A. 词义关系：
a. 同义词
b. 近义词

c. 反义词
同义替换（词汇+句型）
B. 搭配关系：
a. 动介搭配：communicate with others,
b. 形介搭配：different from
c. 形名搭配：extensive/a wide range of knowledge,
C.词根词缀：
4、小作文变难：Nothing is impossible!
A节：题型有两种，每次考试选择其中的一种形式。
1）考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。————05—09,10年英语二、
2）要求考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80—100词的文章摘要。
3）告示
（二）最新大纲：
关注三本书：（出版单位：教育部考试中心，出版社：高等教育出版社，出版时间：八月份）
第一本：《英语大纲》
1、考试说明
2、附录一：参考试题（最新大纲样题）
3、附录二：词汇表
4、附录三：
1）前缀后缀：跨国公司 Multinational,宏观经济学Macroeconomics,微电子Microelectronics,双语的bilingual,免税的duty-free
2）常见国名：葡萄牙Portugal,葡萄牙人Portuguese，荷兰The Netherlands
3）七大洲名：南极洲Antarctica, 大洋洲Oceania
4）常见缩写：c/o=care of由···转交，cf.=confer参看，试比较
5． 附录四：最新三年真题（08-10年）
第二本书《考试分析》
1） 考试说明
2） 六套考题：参考试题，最新五年真题（06-10）
第三本书《大纲解析》
二、 考前冲刺：
（一）攻克词汇：
1、词汇书：
2、软件：《新东方背单词》（5）
3、记忆法：杨鹏《17天搞定GRE词汇》
（二）精研真题：1996-2010共15年
1、词汇：没有一个词汇不认识
2、选项：没有一个选项不了解
3、句子结构：没有一个句子结构不清楚
4、英译汉：阅读A节经典文章
5、背诵：阅读A节经典文章
（三）适当模考：2010年1月（考前务必模考三次）

三、 时间分配：
1）2：00-2：15 小作文
2）2：15-2：50 大作文
3）2：50-4：00 阅读A节
4）4：00-4：20 阅读B节
5）4：20-4：40 阅读C节
6）4：40-5：00 完形填空

六字真经（1）
四、写作学习：

考研写作参考资料：
王江涛的博客：
首页左侧：分类：考研复习：2010考研成绩交流贴
《2011考研英语高分写作》（王江涛编著，群言出版社，2010年3月版）
《仙之道长的考研写作课》（王江涛著，陕西师范大学出版社，2010年9月版）

1、 背诵：20大必背范文，滚瓜烂熟！脱口而出！多多益善！
此处，讲到《高分写作》的P205，（十二）网络问题
语言第一位、结构第二位、内容第三位：
1） 语言：两大评分标准
（1） 基本正确：及格分
（2） 丰富多变（词汇+句型）：高分
2） 结构：逻辑性
（1） 段落结构：总分总
A. 主题句：1句，改写提纲
B. 描述或论证：2-3句
C. 小结：1句
（2） 评分标准：
A. 关联词：小作文3-5个，大作文5-7个，适可而止
B 同义替换：词汇+句型
C. 代词替换：it, that, they
3） 内容：论证充分
（1） 论点：首段尾句或二段首句以及末段首句
（2） 论据：
（3） 论证手段：
高分作文三大要求：语言精彩、结构严谨、论证充分

2、 默写：仔细对比原文，发现写作弱点
3、 仿写：提高写作实力！
很多题目反复重考：
1） 小作文
A、 道歉信（05年，08年真题）
B、 建议信（07年，08 年，09年真题）

2） 大作文
考研写作六大必考话题：

ž （1）健康：2考，96、97
ž （2）两代关系：3考
ž 92、03、05
ž （3）环境：4考
ž 91、99、00、09小
ž （4）爱心：3考
95、01、06小
（5）文化：5考
ž A. 文化交流：02、10
ž B. 流行文化：93、06、09
ž （6）青年面对社会：4考
ž 03、04、07、08

第二节

一、 考研大作文框架结构：（讲义12页）
3段，12句左右，160-250词，5-7个关联词，5-7个从句（多多益善）
1、Introduction：第一段，3句左右
1）图画/表作文：图画/表描述
（1）General description：总体描述（人物+动作+环境或数据变化规律），1句
（2）Details 1, 2, 3：细节描述（挖掘细节词，串联成句），1句
（3）Caption/Symbolic meaning：文字说明或象征寓意，1句
2007
　　Directions:
　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
　　1) describe the drawing briefly,
　　2) explain its intended meaning, and then
　　3) support your view with an example/examples.
　　You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. (20 points)

2005
　　Directions:
　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.
　　You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. (20points)

　　高分作文
　　This picture reveals a not-uncommon phenomenon of how elders are treated by their grown-up children in some of the families in China. When they are too old to take care of themselves, the elders become burdens to be kicked around by their sons and daughters like a football, a pitiful and unjust sight that will arouse indignation among many Chinese.
　　As a nation renowned in the world for many of its virtues, the Chinese people have been practicing filial piety throughout history. Many much-told stories reiterate this time-honored virtue of loving and respecting the elders, like the story of Ti Ying in the West Hart Dynasty who risked her life in order to save her wronged father from corporal punishment.
　　Those who tried every means to avoid their duty of looking after their eiders should bear in mind that they are much indebted to their parents for their birth and growth. Without the loving care and unrelenting work of their parents, how could they have grown up healthy and successful? How could it possible for them to go about without the pricks of conscience?
　　Everyone of us should live up to the virtues passed down to us by our ancestors. Only in this way can we be worthy of the name of a Chinese.

2006
　　Directions:
　　Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should
　　1) describe the photos briefly,
　　2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,
　　3) give your point of view.
　　You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

图一：把崇拜写在脸上。
注：Beckham(贝克汉姆)：英国足球明星。

图二：花300元做个小贝头
　　高分作文
　　The two photos show that people are enthusiastic about football stars such as the English football player Beckham. Some, like the young man in the photo, express their enthusiasm by writing his name on their faces, while others, like the one in the hair studio, spend as much as 300 yuan for a hair style modeling on that of Beckham.
　　In fact, that kind of star-worshipping is not uncommon nowadays among the Chinese people. For example, the so-called "Super Girls" become fashionable almost overnight, with fans chasing after them in a kind of blind worship. It seems as if people are badly in need of someone to whom to pay their respect, and to realize their own aspirations of an immediate success or stardom.
　　Famous football players won our favor and earned our respect by their hard work and excellent performance on the football field. What, then, deserves to be worshipped, their diligence and perseverance, or their hairstyle and ways of living? The answer seems self-evident: what we should learn is their spirit, not the superficial styles of living. Fashion is often short-lived, but the ever-lasting memory of a courageous, undaunted and skillful football player is what inspires us in our pursuit for better life and brighter future.
2004
　　Directions:
　　Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
　　1. describe the drawing,
　　2. interpret its meaning, and
　　3. support your view with examples.
　　You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.

2003
　　Directions:
　　Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following
　　1. describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning
　　2. point out its implications in our life.

温室花朵经不起风雨
2008
　　Directions:
　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
　　1) describe the drawing briefly,
　　2) explain its intended meaning, and then
　　3) give your comments.
　　You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2.

你一条腿，我一条腿；
你我一起，走南闯北。
2009
　　Directions:
　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
　　1) describe the drawing briefly,
　　2) explain its intended meaning, and then
　　3) give your comments.
　　You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.

网络的“近”与“远”

2）提纲/情景作文：现状说明
（1）Background information：背景交代，1句
（2）General talk of the topic：引出主题，1句
（3）Thesis: state specifically what your opinion is：确立论点，1句

大作文四大要素
} 1）描述：第一段，图画描述
} 2）象征寓意：1句，全文中心思想，首段尾句或二段首句，承上启下，画龙点睛
} 3）分析：第二段，意义阐释
} 4）评论：第三段，建议措施

2、Body： 第二段，意义阐释，5句左右
1）Topic sentence：Symbolic meaning，主题句，象征寓意，1句
2）Argument：论证，3句左右，考研写作四大论证手段
（1） Cause and Effect：因果论证（这里提到的范文即上面07年真题的高分作文）
高分作文
　　As we can see from the picture, a football match is going on. On guarding the door, the left man seems to be keeping a "huge door" that is easy and inevitable for a goal, while the fight person hesitates to kick the ball with an illusion about the "huge door keeper". It is obvious that both of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them.
　　This photo does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now. The young always give up because the problem is beyond their ability to cope with. Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable, but when weighing in the mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence. Firstly, it is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them. Secondly, attitude is the key point to take the first step. Assume bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find the question is not as "huge" as you imagine. Take us for example, the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to a horrible monster before us. Some people give up, some persist. So, with confidence and the fight assessment of the difficulties, try and exert your strength, and then we will overcome all problems.
On the whole, I believe we young people should face the difficulties in right manner. And nothing is impossible, just do it.
5.
From the information given in the above column chart, we can see a striking contrast in mobile-phone subscriptions between developing and developed countries from 2000 to 2008. During this period, there has been a dramatic increase from 0.4 to 4 billion mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries, while that of developed countries remained steady under 1 billion during the decade.
At least two fundamental factors could contribute to this phenomenon. On the one hand, with the rapid increase in economy happening in the developing countries, the telecommunication industry in those countries got a great bound to meet the demand of globalization. As a result, the user of mobile phone which can narrow the distance between people and link the whole world together rose at an incredible speed. On the other hand, the extremely advanced civilization of developed countries means less potential in many aspects including in the area of private telecommunication tools and their demand for further enlargement of such tools tend to saturation.
In conclusion, while mobile phones subscriptions, if used carelessly or without restraint, could prove to be a double-edged sword, the fact remains that it is already extremely prevalent in both developing and developed countries and even today, continue rise in popularity. Given the levels of intelligence, prudence and discretion imbued in people, I am sure that most of them will be able to sidestep the potential drawbacks of mobile phones, while taking advantage of all its merits. （241 words）
根据上述柱状图所提供的信息，我们可以看出从2000年到2008年，发展中国家和发达国家之间在手机入网方面存在着惊人的对比。在此期间，发展中国家手机入网从4亿急速增长到40亿，而发达国家的相关数据只是在10亿之下保持平稳。
至少有两点主要原因造成了这种现象。一方面，随着在发展中国家发生的快速经济增长，这些国家的电信产业必然会适应全球化的需求。因此，使用手机缩短人们之间距离并与全世界联系的人数以惊人的速度增加。另一方面，发达国家极端先进的文明在私人电信工具等诸多领域意味着更少的发展潜力，他们对进一步开发此类工具的需求趋于饱和。
因此，如果不小心或没有节制，手机入网就是一把双刃剑。尽管这样，事实上，手机入网在发展中国家和发达国家中均十分流行，这种趋势甚至今天还在继续扩大。假如人们多动脑、谨慎些、具有判断力，我确信大多数人们都能克服手机入网的弊端、利用它的优势。

（2） Exemplification：举例论证
A. Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.举例之前
B. I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).举例之前
C. This/These case(s) effectively clarify that…举例之后（所讲的范文就是下面的4）
4.
As is symbolically illustrated in the portrayal, there is a boiling hot pot containing various ingredients of multi-cultures. These pluralistic cultures can be categorized as celebrities home and abroad as Bi Sheng, Lao She, Shakespeare and Einstein, philosophical concepts as Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, benevolence, ritual, humanism, Enlightenment, post-modernism and deconstruction, as well as performing arts as Beijing Opera, Gong Fu, Liang Zhu and Swan Lake. We are informed that the culture “hot pot” is both delicious and nutritious.
The purpose of the cartoonist is to show us that instead of being outdated and of little value in a rapidly modernizing world, cultural blending should be encouraged and maintained. On the one hand, mosaic cultures are part of the universal heritage of humanity and they are powerful means of bringing together diverse peoples and social groups. Consequently, cultural reintegration has become indispensable as a means of promoting further cultural development and maintenance. On the other hand, for China, as for any other rapidly developing country, there is a danger that age-old customs and traditions may become lost in the shadows of modernization. If Gong Fu, Beijing Opera or Swan Lake Ballet ever perished from the earth, it would be a tragedy of immeasurable proportions.
In my view, multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so, and is extremely vital in ensuring a community’s future development and prosperity. As a consequence of successful commercialization efforts, unwavering government support and growing interests overseas, the future of cultural blending looks brighter and more secure than ever before. (254 words)

考研写作三大钻石定律
} 1.写想到的第二个词或句子
} 2. 写的每个词或句子最好背过
3. 错误的复杂句不如正确的简单句

（3） 联系现实：以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象
Represent代表，symbolize象征，
epitomize是···的缩影，be naturally associated with自然与···联系起来
（4）正反论证：（09年范文即3）
3.
As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, a large number of people are surfing on line within a stretching spider web, either to entertain themselves or to meet the work's needs. Unfortunately, it seems rather ironic to present people separated from each other by the spider web when they attempt to communicate. Undoubtedly, the spider web serves as a symbol of Internet, both connecting people and isolating them from each other.
　　The metaphorical and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and Internet. On the one hand, there is no denying that Internet is currently one of the most efficient media used for interpersonal communication. As a college student, I get on line every day to discuss news with other people on BBS, to study English by registering for web courses, to chat freely through MSN Messenger with my friends. But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain face-to-face contact with their friends and colleagues. Once indulged in the fictitious world, people feel reluctant to approach others and to concentrate on real life. That's why some people have lost the skill of direct contact and get alienated from others.
　　Hence, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence. After all, Internet is invented to connect you and me, and to bring conveniences to our life rather than set a barrier to keep people beyond reach. (249words)
4.（2010年真题）
As is symbolically illustrated in the portrayal, there is a boiling hot pot containing various ingredients of multi-cultures. These pluralistic cultures can be categorized as celebrities home and abroad as Bi Sheng, Lao She, Shakespeare and Einstein, philosophical concepts as Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, benevolence, ritual, humanism, Enlightenment, post-modernism and deconstruction, as