Period-2-Discovering-Useful-Structures教师版.docx

Unit 4 History and Traditions
Period 2 Discovering Useful Structures
培优层级一 基础多维巩固
维度一　单句语法填空
1．My brother rushed out of home with the door unlocked (unlock) when his friend called him.
2．Prices of daily goods bought(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
3．We should pay attention to the physical and mental health problems caused(cause) by a lack of sleep.
4．Back from his two­year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home.
5．The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed(develop) after great effort.
6．The teaching buildings built (build) in 1960 need repairing.
7．James had some flowers sent (send) to Sarah on her birthday.
8．Don't worry. It's quite safe skating on the frozen (freeze) lake.
9．When she returned home, she found the window open and something stolen (steal)．
10．When day broke, they found themselves surrounded (surround) by their enemies.
维度二　语法与写作
1．他们正在开会讨论这个人人都知道的严重问题。
They're having a meeting to discuss the serious problem known to everybody．
2．上个星期一我们班进行了一次有组织的旅行。
Our class went on an organised travel last Monday.
3．昨天举办的运动会非常成功。
The sports meeting held yesterday was a great success.
4．使他吃惊的是，他没有注意到钱包在火车上被人偷了。
To his surprise, he didn't notice his wallet stolen on the train.
5．昨天在会议上讨论的问题非常难解决。
The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday was very difficult to solve.
6．老师走进教室，手里拿着一个装满了水的瓶子。
The teacher came into the room, with a bottle filled with water in his hand.
7．这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了，很恼火。
The young lady was quite annoyed to find her valuable necklace lost．
培优层级二 多维训练提能
一、 阅读理解
主题语境：人与社会 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：8 min
In many countries of the world, people can confidently tell you the meaning of their town or city, but most people who live in Manchester, Oxford or Birmingham would not be able to explain what the name of their city means. The name of every British town and city, however, has a long history.
Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts. Even the word “Britain” is Celtic (凯尔特语的). Then the Romans arrived and built camps which became cities called “castra”. This is why there are so many place names in England which end in “­chester” or “­caster” — Manchester, for example.
The Romans never reached Wales or Scotland, and many place names there are Celtic. For example, Welsh place names that begin with “Llan” come from the Celtic word for church.
After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Anglo­Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is now Germany and Holland. Without the Roman army, it was impossible to protect the country from these people. The names of their villages often ended in “­ham” or “­ton”. Some got their name from the leader of the village, so Birmingham, for example, means “Beormund's village”．
The Anglo­Saxons were farmers and the landscape was very important to them, so we have villages called Upton (“village on a hill” — a good place to build a village) and Moreton (“village by a lake”， where floods could make life tough). Place names that end in “­ford” (a place where you could cross a river) also describe the location of Anglo­Saxon villages.
Twelve hundred years ago, the Vikings came to England from Scandinavia. They traded with the Anglo­Saxons but lived in their own villages. These often ended in “­by” or “­thorpe”. The name “Kirkby” means “a village with a church” and Scunthorpe was the village of a man called Skuma.
Finally, in 1066, England became Norman — the Normans gave us the place name “grange”， which means farm.
And how about London? Experts cannot agree. The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first inhabitants (居民). People once believed that the United Kingdom's capital city got its name from the castle of a King called Lud, but this is very unlikely. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning a fast flowing river. Like a number of British place names, its history is lost in time.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国城镇和城市名字有着源远流长的历史，甚至许多当地人都不知道它们的由来。
1．The origin of British place names is unfamiliar to many local people because of ．
A．the death of ancient languages
B．their lack of interest in the names
C．the long lost history of the names
D．the frequent changes to the names
C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The name of every British town ...history.”可知，大多数英国当地人不熟悉他们城市名字的起源是因为这些名字都有着悠久的历史。故选C。
2．According to the article, Stratford­upon­Avon is most likely a town built ．
A．beside a river　　　　　 B．near a castle
C．on a hill D．with a church
A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Place names that end in ...villages.”可知，地名Stratford是以“­ford”结尾，而以“­ford”结尾的地名是与河流有关的。故选A。
3．Which of the following shows the correct order of the arrival of inhabitants in Britain?
A．The Celts — The Romans — The Vikings — The Normans — The Anglo­Saxons
B．The Celts — The Romans — The Anglo­Saxons — The Vikings — The Normans
C．The Romans — The Celts — The Vikings — The Anglo­Saxons — The Normans
D．The Romans — The Anglo­Saxons — The Celts — The Normans — The Vikings
B　细节理解题。通读全文，特别是每段的首句和这些居民到达英国的时间。第二段首句提到“Two thousand years ago, ... were Celts.”；第四段首句提到“After the Romans left Britain, ... the Anglo­Saxons”；第六段首句提到“Twelve hundred years ago, ... England ...”；第七段首句提到“Finally, in 1066, ...Norman”。故选B。
4．According to the text, where did the name for London come from?
A．It is short for Londinium.
B．It's from the term for a river.
C．It is puzzling and hard to confirm.
D．It comes from the castle of a King.
C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，关于伦敦地名的由来，专家们意见不一。文章最后一句提到“Like a number of ... in time.”；因此可以推断伦敦的地名就像许多英国地名一样，它的历史也随着时间流逝而消失了，很难确定其来源。故选C。
二、 七选五
主题语境：人与社会 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：8 min
Ancient Rome was one of the world's most powerful empires more than 2，000 years ago. The Romans' ideas about roads, laws, government and buildings still influence us today. Italy is shaped like a boot.
The Colosseum (计兽场) in Rome was built during the time of the Roman Empire, in the first century CE. 1. It is a popular tourist attraction today.
Italy is well­known for its designers, who create cars, handbags, clothes, shoes and other items that are in demand for their style and fine workmanship.
Today, the economy of Italy is stronger than in the past. 2. Today, manufacturing and tourism are the main sources of income. There are some big companies, but Italy has many smaller companies, too.
3． The southern part does not offer as many manufacturing jobs, so it is not as prosperous.
Italy is a member of the European Union, a group of countries that join together for better trade. The currency, or money they use is called the “euro”．
Food and eating good meals are important to Italians.4.
Popular food includes pasta, risotto, minestrone and pizza. McDonald's is also popular there. Many families still eat their main meal in the middle of the day. 5. Families spend a lot of time together.
A．The family is very important to the Italian way of life.
B．The country used to depend on agriculture.
C．Mountains cover about three­fourths of the country.
D．It could seat about 50，000 people, who went to see fights between animals and people.
E．While there are some supermarkets, many people shop at small, neighborhood markets.
F．Italy has several islands off the coast.
G．The northern part of the country is the main manufacturing center.
【导语】　本文是一篇说明文，就意大利的景点、经济、餐饮文化及家庭等进行了简要介绍。
1．D　解析：由本段中的“The Colosseum in Rome was built”可知，本段介绍罗马斗兽场。选项D中的It指代The Colosseum，而could seat意为“可以容纳……”，符合语境。
2．B　解析：空格前的内容提到现在意大利的经济要比以往强，空格后又提到现在意大利的主要经济来源，由此可推知空格处应是在讲以往意大利的经济来源。
3．G　解析：由空格后“The southern part does not offer as many manufacturing jobs, so it is not as prosperous.”中的“as many manufacturing jobs”和“as prosperous”都可以看出，此处是在进行比较。选项G提到了意大利北部是生产中心，与后文提到的南部正好形成对比。
4．E　解析：空格前提到食物和吃可口的饭对意大利人来说很重要，结合选项，符合语境的只有E项。
5．A　解析：空格前提到意大利的许多家庭仍然在中午吃他们的主餐，而空格后提到家人一起度过很多时光，由此可知，意大利人非常重视家庭。

三、完形填空
主题语境：人与自我 语篇类型：记叙文 建议用时：8 min
For the past five years, I have been writing a book. It is almost __1__， and now it is time for my publisher and me to agree on a title. It has not gone __2__．
The book is about a __3__day in history, a date __4__ at random. My idea is that there is no such thing as a(n) “__5__” day. If you __6__ deeply enough into the events for 24 hours, you will find enough dramas, humor and so on. I always __7__ that the book would be titled “One Day”，with three __8__ drawn from the hat “12/28/1986”．
__9__， that is clearly not how things are done anymore. Publishers believe books must have subtitles; the more wordy，the __10__．
This wasn't my first such kind of __11__. Years ago, I wrote a book about dogs. The title was to be “Old Dogs”， for that was what the book was about. On the cover would be a __12__of an old dog, connecting with the __13__ elegantly. But the publisher insisted on a subtitle. The __14__ came out thus：“OLD DOGS：Are the best dogs”．Whenever I see it, I feel embarrassed. This __15__ me wondering what old book covers would have been like in the new age.
【导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者的两次图书出版经历。每次出版商都让作者在标题后加上不太合适的副标题，这让作者感到很尴尬和不解，作者不禁去想过去的图书封面放在新时代会有怎样的效果。
1．A.exposed B．written
C．finished D．gone
C　解析：根据下文中的“and now it is time for my publisher and me to agree on a title”可知，这本书快要完成(finish)了。
2．A.fairly B．naturally
C．freely D．smoothly
D　解析：根据下文的整体叙述可知，这本书的标题的商定过程并不顺利(smoothly)。
3．A.single B．rough
C．special D．big
A　解析：根据空后的at random和下文中的from the hat “12/28/1986”可知，这本书写的是某一(single)天。
4．A.named B．given
C．chosen D．scheduled
C　解析：根据语境可知，这个日子是随机挑选的(choose)。
5．A.bad B．ordinary
C．long D．previous
B　解析：根据上文可知，这个日子是随机挑选的。且根据空后一句可知，虽是随机挑选的一天，但作者认为没有一天是普通的(ordinary)。
6．A.dig B．fall
C．run D．break
A　解析：根据语境和常识可知，一天中会发生很多事情，如果你深挖(dig)的话，会有很多发现。
7．A.showed B．admitted
C．agreed D．planned
D　解析：根据下文中的“that is clearly not...Publishers believe books must have subtitles”可知，作者原计划(plan)用《一天》来命名这本书。
8．A.pictures B．words
C．numbers D．signals
C　解析：根据下文中的12/28/1986和常识可知，这是三个数字(numbers)。
9．A.Therefore B．Otherwise
C．Meanwhile D．Nevertheless
D　解析：根据上下文语境可知，此处表转折，强调了计划与现实的差别。
10．A.easier B．better
C．older D．worse
B　解析：根据上文中的“Publishers believe books must have subtitles”可知，出版商认为一本书除了标题，还应该有副标题，且越冗长越好(better)。
11．A.agreement B．question
C．puzzle D．experience
D　解析：根据下文中的“Years ago，I wrote a book about dogs...insisted on a subtitle.”可知，作者提到了之前的一次经历(experience)。
12．A.photo B．film
C．toy D．story
A　解析：根据常识可知，这本书的主题是关于狗的，封面一般会放一张狗的照片(photo)。
13．A.cover B．theme
C．ending D．opinion
B　解析：结合常识可知，封面上的狗的照片和本书主题(theme)紧密结合。
14．A.dog B．saying
C．cover D．change
C　解析：根据上文中的“On the cover...elegantly.”可知，这是作者设想的封面，而本句讲到了实际的封面(cover)是怎样的。
15．A.caught B．left
C．witnessed D．prevented
B　解析：结合语境和常识可知，这两次经历让(leave)作者想要知道过去的图书封面放在新时代将会有怎样的效果。

培优层级三 真题滚动训练
一、 阅读理解
A
（2020·江苏·高考真题）Sometimes it’s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country’s past-age-old castles, splendid homes… and red phone boxes.
Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines (除颤器).
The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.
About that time, Tony Inglis’ engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.
As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.
In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for l pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.
Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.
The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.
Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. “I like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back,” he said.
1．The phone boxes are making a comeback ______.
A．to form a beautiful sight of the city
B．to improve telecommunications services
C．to remind people of a historical period
D．to meet the requirement of green economy
2．Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?
A．They were not well-designed. B．They provided bad services.
C．They had too short a history. D．They lost to new technologies.
3．The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of ______.
A．their new appearance and lower prices B．the push of the local organizations
C．their changed roles and functions D．the big funding of the businessmen
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在英国，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用。后来，一些商人使电话亭的角色和功能发生了变化，电话亭又变得流行起来。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段Sometimes it’s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country’s past-age-old castles, splendid homes.. and red phone boxes.(有时候真的很难放手。对许多英国人来说，这可以适用于代表他们国家过去历史的机构和物品--古老的城堡、辉煌的住宅……还有红色的电话亭)和最后一段Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last.(英格利斯说，电话亭让人想起了一个东西经久耐用的时代)可知，电话亭正在卷土重来，以提醒人们一个历史时期。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.(在成为英国许多街道的重要组成部分后，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始消失，随着移动电话的兴起，大部分电话亭被扔到了垃圾场)可知，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用是因为它们输给了新技术。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.(随着英格利斯和后来的其他商人开始工作，改装后的电话亭开始在城市和乡村重新出现，人们发现了它们的新用途。今天，它们再次成为人们熟悉的景象，扮演着与它们最初的目