高考英语作文训练教案.doc

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高考英语作文训练教案
（一） 话题议论类作文
议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种体裁,它主要用于剖析事物，论述事理，发表意见，提出主张，作者可以通过摆事实，讲道理，直接表达作者的观点。笔者通过仔细研究近几年全国各地和湖北高考试卷，发现此类文章的考查是热点，深受命题老师的喜爱和推崇。所涉及的话题不外乎是关于学校或社会存在的某些现象及焦点问题，要求学生就此问题表明见解，进行论述。笔者认为此类文章重在阐述表达自己的观点，在此将二者不予以划分，只侧重于议论文在技术形式及内容上的点拨，“以篇盖全”，从中掌握二者的共性。笔者认为在写议论文时,应注意以下几点:
1. 条理要清晰,观点明确。
2. 注意运用基本的论据来阐明观点,同时切记用5句话表达全文。
3. 上下文要连接自然,适当运用连词,副词,短语等来衔接句子。
4. 注意时态,议论文形式还是以现在时为主。
通常议论文的考试形式大致分为三个方面；
（1） 对立观点式；（2）批驳观点式；（3）现象评论式；（话题类）
附常用短语结构：

原因
1. A number of factors might contribute to the phenomenon (problem).
2. The change in ...largely results from the fact that... （同谓语从句）

比较
1. The advantage far outweighs the disadvantages.
2. The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.

批驳
1. There is really a lot of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more significant fact.
2. Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
后果
1. … may give rise to a lot of problems.
2. It will have a profound influence upon...
举例
1. I am speaking from my experience
2. Such examples might be given easily.
证明
1. No one can deny the fact that ...
2. There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
开篇
1. Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...
2. Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
3. There is an increasing tendency that….
结尾
1. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
2. In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
3. Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...
实例：
（一）
在即将举行的中美高中生夏令营活动中，你和你的美国朋友将讨论学生中的“追星”问题,请你根据下面的提示写一篇发言稿。
追星表现
模仿衣着、发型、嗜好、举止等
追星后果
迷失自我、荒废学业等
你的看法
科学家等贡献最大；
应专心学习，成为有用之材
注意：1．根据要点可适当发挥但内容要连贯、完整。
2．词数：120左右。
3．文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
4．参考词汇：idol 偶像
Ladies and gentlemen,
Nowadays, star-worshiping(追星) is popular among teenagers, especially many middle school students….

That’s all. Thank you.

One possible version:
Ladies and gentlemen,
Nowadays, star-worshiping(追星) is popular among teenagers, especially many middle school students. Thousands of fans are on fire for the handsome appearances, beautiful songs and perfect acting skills of their idols, and they imitate whatever stars do, including their clothes, hair style and hobbies. As a result, some of them forget what they should do and even spoil their study.
In my opinion, having idols is not a bad thing. However, we should make it clear who are the real “heroes”. As far as I am concerned, the real heroes are those who are making the most contributions to our society, such as teachers, doctors and scientists. As young students we should learn from them. Only in this way can we become useful men and be real popular stars in the future.
That’s all. Thank you.
点评：本篇文章充分的表达了文章要求和作者自己的意思，自由发挥得当。用到了下列结构：
（二）
面对中学生“出国热”，社会对此有不同的看法。请你以Studying Abroad为题，根据以下提供的信息，谈谈自己的看法。

Advantages
disadvantages
1．良好的语言环境，更利于预言学习。
2．拓宽视野，学习国外先进的科学技术。
3．传播各民族间的不同文化。
1．年纪小，缺乏生活经验，自立能力差。
2．情感孤独，思乡。
3．生活学习费用高。

注意：1．第一句已为你写好，不计入总词数。
2．词数120左右
3．参考词汇：媒介，中间人mediator
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular…..

A possible version:
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular．Tens of thousands of Chinese students have gone to foreign countries to study．Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad.
There are many advantages in attending schools abroad．First, students who have studied abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures．Second, we can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries．Third, we can learn much foreign languages more quickly.
However, there are some disadvantages．Most of the students are too young to live alone without any living experience．Besides, being far away from their home country, they may feel lonely and homesick．Also, of course, the costs are much higher there than at home．In spite of theses, advantages are more than disadvantages．In my opinion, it is advisable to attend schools abroad.
（三）假如你是一位导游。通过观察游客的行为变化，说明大众环保意识日益增强。请根据下面表格的中文提示，写一篇短文谈谈此种现象
几年前某些游客的行为

现在大多数游客的表现
乱扔废物，如塑料带，罐头盒，费纸等。
随身带走垃圾。
乱刻乱画，攀树摘花。
爱护花木.
在林中吸烟，引起火灾。
林区不吸烟，以防火灾。
[写作内容]
1）请根据以上提示，谈谈这一现象，文章的开头已经给出。
2）文章必须包括所有提示要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整和连贯。
With the time on, there is an increasing tendency that more and more tourists have been paying greater attention to environment protection._____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A possible version：
With the time on, there is an increasing tendency that more and more tourists have been paying greater attention to environment protection. However, several years ago, as we know, in the places of interest some tourists threw away rubbish here and there, such as plastic bags, waste paper, tins and so on. Besides, some of them climbed the trees, picked flowers freely and even marked their names on the plants. What’s worse, some of them lacked the sense of safety and smoked in the forest, by which the forest fire was caused. To our delight, in the recent years, great changes have taken place among the tourists who will take away rubbish with them when they leave. What’s more, they care the plants a lot and the smokers don’t smoke in the forest in order not to start fire.

（四）
今年，北京等大城市由禁放鞭炮改为限放。中央电视台《东方时空》栏目2月9日播出“时空调查：过年你放鞭炮了吗？” 并且联合新浪网做了一个调查，结果是：1、 放了的占 80.16% 2、没放的占 19.84% ，中国人都喜欢用燃放烟花爆竹迎接中国年，可是不可否认的是，对于“禁放烟花爆竹”的争议却从来没有断过。请你根据以下调查结果阐明燃放鞭炮的利弊。

80.16%
19.84%
燃放鞭炮是很好的民间传统
可以增加节日气氛。
制造噪音，容易引发火灾；容易造成伤害人身，资源浪费和环境污染。

[写作内容]
1）请根据以上提示，就其利弊谈谈自己的观点，文章的开头已经给出。
2）文章必须包括所有提示要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整和连贯。
As we know Beijing banned setting off fireworks in 1994. After 12 silent Spring Festivals, Beijing regained a gorgeous festival eve which was decorated with splendid fireworks and livened up with firecracker clacks. However, there is still a heated discussion whether we should ban fireworks or not in the city.___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

【试题答案】
As we know Beijing banned setting off fireworks in 1994. After 12 silent Spring Festivals, Beijing regained a gorgeous festival eve which was decorated with splendid fireworks and livened up with firecracker clacks. However, there is still a heated discussion whether we should ban fireworks or not in the city.
According to the recent survey, there are 80.16% of people who support our Chinese traditional way to celebrate China New Year. They think setting off fireworks can certainly add pleasure and joy to the festival and it can bring more traditional colors in the modern era. However, 19.84 % of people think that setting off fireworks can cause air and noise pollution. What’s worse, it sometimes causes terrible accidents to us and to our poverty. And it is very common that every year many people got injured by setting off the fireworks carelessly.
（五）
2006年8月21日，上海日报登载了这样一条消息，上海将从中学开始进行教科书的循环使用，首先适用的教材是音乐书籍，以后其他科目也逐渐实行循环制度。请根据此消息，写一篇对此现象赞同的文章，认为毕业的学生应把课本六给下一界使用。你的理由是：
1． 可以节省资源，减少浪费。
2． 书上的笔记有利用价值。
3． 国外已经有先例，已经有成功的做法。
4． 保护环境，减少大量树木的砍伐。
[写作内容]
1）请根据以上提示，谈谈你的观点，要有标题。
2）文章必须包括所有提示要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整和连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

试题答案】
Recycling Textbooks is a Good Suggestion
According to the latest news from Shanghai, we know that textbook recycling plan will take off in Shanghai, which is really beneficial to our students. First of all, recycling textbooks can save a lot of natural resources, which are used to make the textbooks. It can also contribute to the environmental protection, and save a lot of trees from it. What’s more, we can take good advantage of the useful notes on the pages. For another thing, many countries have set us a successful example by recycling the textbooks, such as Australia.
（六）
2005年春夏季中国主流报纸十大流行语”7月18日在京发布，其中“高考移民”位列综合类十大流行语之第八位，可见“高考移民”已超出其现象本身而成为一个被广泛关注的社会问题……，高考即将在即，每年总有一些考生设法从录取分数教高的省份转到其他省份参加高考，请你根据以下提示语，对此现象提出反驳的观点。
在一个地方受教育，就应与在同样教育水平下的学生进行竞争，到教育薄弱地区去参加高考竞争，对当地学生不公平，严重侵害了当地考生的合法权益；高考移民滋生了教育腐败；同时移民高生也将面临随时取消考试成绩的危险。
[写作内容]
1）请根据以上提示，谈谈你的观点，要有标题。
2）文章必须包括所有提示要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整和连贯。
参考词汇：移民考生 migrating test-takers
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【试题答案】
In recent years, the phenomenon has become a heated topic that many migrating test-takers move from high-scoring provinces to other areas to enter for the College Entrance Exams. Obviously, there are more disadvantages than advantages in this way. First of all, test-takers from highly-developed areas create an unfair situation for local students, because the former students have more chances to get higher educations. What’s more, it will have a negative influence on the educational system. Meanwhile we cannot ignore the result that most probably the migrating test-takers will face the situation that his score of the entrance exam will be cancelled.
（二） 图表作文
图表作文近年高考和各地的模拟考试中，也屡次出现，而且学生普遍反映此类文章不好写，难于下手动笔。但是如果我们仔细研究就不难会发现，其实此类文章还是有一些共同点和规律可以操作的，值得我们总结。
作文一
假如你是李华，在最近的研究性学习当中，受《21世纪中学生英语报》 （The 21st Century）之邀，你对你所在的班60名同学（男女各半）进行了上网目的的调查。现将调查结果（如下表所示）用英语给报社的编辑写一封信，报道此事，以引起舆论的关注，并提出你的观点和建议。

注意：1、报道应包括图表所示全部内容，可适度发挥。
2、文章的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
3、词数： 150
4、参考词汇：调查： make a survey
Dear editor，
I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purpose of getting on the Internet. ______________________________________________
作文二
下列表格为某市1996年与2006年人们度假方式的情况比较，请按表格内容写一篇150词左右的短文，并对度假方式变化原因加以简要评析。
年度
1996
2006
原因
境外旅游
11%
22%
收入增加
海边度假
38%
31%
海水污染
爬山野营
11%
34%
回归自然
The way people spend their holidays changed a lot from 1996 to 2006.

[思路点拨]
题材：书信； 说明+议论
时态：一般现在时
人称：第三人称
要点提示：（１）上网的目的；（２）读新闻；　（３）发送邮件；（４）聊天；（５）学习；（６）玩游戏；（７）评语
篇章结构：文章可分两段
［文采修饰］
连接词的选用：but, both…, and, moreover, otherwise
高级词汇的选用：keep in touch with, as for…, use… as …, benefit from, pay attention to, altogether, in one’s opinion.
复杂句型的选用：what…most 引导的主语从句；as 引导的让步状语从句；倒装语序等。
范文：
Dear editor,
I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purpose of getting on the Internet.
The girls’ favorite is chatting, but few boys like it. What the boys like to do most is playing games and the girls also like it. Both boys and girls like to read news or send e-mails on the Internet. Maybe they think it’s the most convenient way to get information from keeping in touch with friends. As for studying, the numbers of boys and girls are equal, but altogether only several of them will use the Internet as a tool to study.
In my opinion, useful as the Internet is, the students had better make better and wise use of it. Otherwise, it’s impossible for us to benefit from it. Moreover, I also hope the parents will pay enough attention to their children using the Internet in their spare time.
Yours，
Li Hua
思路点拨：
1、体裁：比较对照类
2、时态：一般过去时（发表评论时可用一般现在时）
3、人称：第三人称
4、篇章结构：分三段
范文：
The way people spend their holidays changed a lot from 1996 to 2006.
The table shows that a greater number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad in 2006. The rate of 2006 (22%) doubled that of 1996 (11%). We are sure that the number will increase because with their incomes rising, more people can afford the journeys abroad.
At the same time, the seaside attracted a lot of people. However, the rate slightly dropped from 38% in 1996 to 31% in 2006, the reason for which lies in the fact that sea water is being polluted. The polluted seaside is likely to drive more visitors away.
The year 2006 saw a sharp increase in the number of people who went climbing and camping. The rate in 2006 (34%) was more than three times that in 1996 (11%). The reason is that more and more people are eager to get close to nature.
作文三
假如你叫李华，参加学校开展的“有困难向谁求助”（Whom do you turn to when in trouble?）的调查活动，调查结果如下表。请用英语给校报编辑写一封信反映相关内容。

求助对象
比例
理 由
同学、朋友
58%
年龄相仿，容易理解与交流
老师、家长
30%
有爱心、有经验、可以信任
无
12%
不愿与人交流，难以与人沟通
注意：1．内容要点全面，并表达出你的观点。为了使文章连贯，可适当增加内容。
2．词数：120词左右。