高级口译（新东方网络课程资料）.doc

高级口译 一枕清风整理
2010年9月口译考试热点话题整理
1. G20峰会 重点词汇梳理
The Fourth Summit of the Group of 20 (G20) major economies began a plenary session at the Metro Toronto Convention Center on Sunday morning.（2010/6/27）
Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper（哈珀）, chair of the summit
胡主席致辞《同心协力 共创未来》：Work in unity for the future
复苏基础不牢固、进程不平衡，存在较大不确定性
the recovery was unfirmly established, unbalanced, and still facing "quite many uncertainties"
主权债务风险持续上升
the expanding sovereign debt crisis
主要货币汇率大幅波动
drastic exchange rates fluctuations of major currencies
国际金融市场动荡不定
persistent volatility in the international financial markets

2. 环境话题是历年口译考试的热点话题之一，今年的环保话题的重点在于低碳（low carbon）二字。低碳绝对是当下社会最为时尚的词汇，因为它涉及到经济涉及到社会涉及到民生的方方面面，从京都议定书以来，碳排放量就一直是环境问题的一个关键点，口译考试一直热衷于考察经济和环境等话题，因此与低碳的相关词汇大家要做好积累。
　　在全球暖化（global warming）导致的气候变化（climate change）的威胁之下，全球正直面低碳挑战（low-carbon challenge），因此，发展低碳经济，减少碳排放（carbon emission reduction），倡导低碳生活方式不但势在必行，而且是我们每一个地球人都必须重视和行动起来的头等大事。
　　1.低碳 Low-Carbon
　　2. 低碳经济 Low-Carbon Economy（LCE）
　　A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) or Low-Fossil-Fuel Economy (LFFE) is a concept that refers to an economy which has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.
　　3. 低碳生活 Low-Carbon Life
　　相关英语表达见如下例句：
　　（1）A one-year carbon emission reduction program proposed by China's Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) was started here Wednesday, on World Earth Day, to encourage citizens nationwide to adjust their lifestyle. and live a "low-carbon" lifestyle. A low-carbon lifestyle. covers many aspects of modern life, such as transportation, home heating, and holiday travel, which can be conducted in a way that gives the maximum reduction of personal carbon emissions.
　　（2）As the Copenhagen Climate Conference is drawing near, more and more debate about low-carbon lifestyle. come forth.
　　（3）Just this year, the low-carbon lifestyle, or Lifestyle. of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS), suddenly became trendy in China, particularly among young urbanites, Lin said.
　　与“低碳生活方式”相关的说法还有“低碳生活”，即low-carbon life，相关搭配就是lead a low-carbon life，因为“低碳经济”提出的大背景是全球气候变暖对人类生存和发展的严峻挑战，因此，“低碳生活方式”还可以表达为 climate-friendly lifestyles
　　4． 碳足迹，即carbon footprint。简单地说，碳足迹是用来衡量我们在日常生活中消耗的二氧化碳的一种方式。无论是开车上班、乘飞机旅行，还是使用电灯、电脑，我们都消耗石油、煤和天然气等化石燃料。这些化石燃料在燃烧时，会排放出诸如二氧化碳之类导致地球变暖的温室气体。对于carbon footprint，维基百科有如下定义：A carbon footprint is "the total set of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an organization, event or product". For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs, emitted. 相关表达见如下例句：A new purpose-built office complex that will offer eco-friendly accommodation across 66,250 square feet is under construction in Wales. It is reported that the Cardiff Waterside project, entitled 3 Assembly Square, forms part of a £140 million construction project and will aim to offer business in the area an environment that has a lower carbon footprint than traditional office space. 上述句子的背景是，英国政府成立了一个The Low Carbon Building Programme (LCBP)，即低碳建筑计划，维基百科解释说，LCBP is a Government programme in the United Kingdom administered by BERR (formerly the DTI). It offers grants towards the cost of installing domestic microgeneration technologies and larger scale distributed generation installations for public buildings and businesses, provided energy conservation standards are also met.
　　5． 低碳技术，即low-carbon technology，这是发展低碳经济，倡导低碳生活的关键之关键，相关例句如下：The Carbon Trust today launched a new 10m pounds low carbon technology investment joint venture to help UK companies develop new low carbon technologies in China. The new joint venture is a partnership with the Carbon Trust and the China Energy Conservation Investment Corporation (CECIC) to develop and deploy low carbon technologies in China.专家指出，低碳技术将成为国家核心竞争力的一个标志——谁掌握了先进的低碳技术，谁就拥有了核心竞争力。低碳技术的面很广，大的技术类型包括节能技术、无碳和低碳能源技术、二氧化碳捕捉与埋存技术，还包括人类可以利用、可以展望到的低碳技术，如核能、风能、太阳能、生物质能、二氧化碳捕捉埋存等相关技术，其中的关键词就是低碳能源（low-carbon energy），如The world will need to spend an additional $10.5 trillion in the next two decades on energy efficiency and low-carbon energy to avoid runaway climate change, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA)。
　　6． 低碳发展，即low-carbon development/growth，经济发展的一种全新概念与模式。请看如下句子：China has issued a report saying the country is expected to realize by 2050 a low carbon development, featuring low energy demand and carbon dioxide output.
　　7.低碳社会low-carbon society
　　低碳社区low carbon community
　　低碳城市low-carbon city
　　低碳世界low-carbon world
　　低碳开发区low carbon development zone
　　如下述例句：One example of this is the Low Carbon Development Zones being discussed by the EU and China. The Zones, piloted in a small number of Chinese cities and provinces, could both support China’s transition to a low carbon economy and accelerate the development and deployment of low carbon goods, technologies and services to EU, Chinese and global markets.
　　低碳旅游 Low-Carbon Tour
　　低碳城市化道路Low-Carbon urbanization way
　　碳 Carbon
　　二氧化碳 Carbon dioxide
　　二氧化碳排放 the output of the carbon dioxide
　　二氧化碳浓度Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide
　　碳减排Carbon emission reduction
　　碳排放标准 Standard for carbon dioxide emission
　　碳排放责任 Liability for carbon dioxide emission
　　越境碳污染 Trans-frontier carbon dioxide pollution
　　一氧化碳 Carbon monoxide

3. 中国的对外关系这一话题是翻译考试需要注意的话题之一，其中的中美关系是考试的重点。总体来看，涉及到中美关系的考查段落难度不是很大，原因是有些固定的说法和套话，比如坚持三个联合公报、立足当前、放眼长远等等，所以只要做好梳理和记忆就行。
中美关系中涉及到的常见表述：
对华政策：China policy
起伏不定：be subject to fluctuation
经贸摩擦：economic and trade friction
中美三个联合公报：The three Sino-US Joint Communiques
建设性战略伙伴关系：constructive strategic partnership
面向21世纪的中美建设性伙伴关系 a constructive, strategic partnership between China and the United Stated aimed at the next century
历经风雨、不断向前发展 move ahead steadily amid twists and turns
看清中美关系的主流和时代潮流，把握大局，着眼未来，扩大共识，发展合作
(We should) stand high to get a commanding view, recognize the mainstream of the relationship and the trend of the times, keep the overall picture and the future in mind and work to broaden consensus and promote cooperation.
立足当前、放眼长远，从战略的高度审视和处理中美关系
(Let us) get grounded on the current situation and take a long view with a strategic vision when looking at and handling Sino-U.S. relation.
牢牢把握两国共同利益，加强对话、交流与合作
focus ourselves on our common interests with strengthened dialogue, exchanges and cooperation 
努力消除误解
remove misunderstanding
妥善处理分歧
properly address differences
5 proposals for Sino-US relations by President Hu（2009年11月17日，胡锦涛就进一步推进中美关系发展提出五点重要主张中涉及到的重点表述）
一、持之以恒增进中美战略互信。FURTHER STRATEGIC MUTUAL TRUST
1．尊重对方核心利益和重大关切是中美两国建立战略互信的前提。
The two countries continue to increase strategic mutual trust with prerequisite of respect for each other’s core interests and major concerns.
2．坚持一个中国政策sticks to the one-China policy
3．妥善处理台湾问题"properly handle" the Taiwan issue
4．不允许“藏独”、“东突”分裂势力利用美国领土从事反华分裂活动forbid "Tibet independence" and "East Turkistan" forces from using US territory to cover their anti-China separatist activities
5．中美两国不应互为对手，而要做相互信赖、真诚合作的伙伴。
China and the United States should not be opponents, but partners that trust each other and cooperate sincerely.
6．中国的发展对包括美国在内的世界各国是机遇而不是挑战，更不是威胁。
The development of China is an opportunity for all nations, including the United States. It is not a challenge, let alone a threat.
二、保持密切高层交往和其他各级别对话磋商。MAINTAIN EXCHANGES AT ALL LEVELS
1．双方要继续通过互访、通话、通信和在多边场合会晤等方式就彼此关切的重大问题及时进行沟通和磋商。China and the United States should maintain different levels of communication and consultation on major issues in a timely manner through different channels, including exchange of visits, talks and meetings on multilateral occasions.
2．中美战略与经济对话机制已成为加强两国交流合作的重要平台，双方要继续落实首轮战略与经济对话的成果，并尽早着手为明年夏天在北京举行第二轮对话做准备。
Sino-US Strategic Economic Dialogue is an important platform to enhance exchanges and cooperation between the two countries. The two countries should further substantiate the results of the first round of Sino-US Strategic Economic Dialogue and start soon to prepare for the second round of talks in Beijing next summer.
三、加强宏观经济金融政策协调。STEP UP MACRO CONTROL
1．双方有必要在加强宏观经济金融政策协调、推进国际金融体系改革、完善全球经济治理结构等方面加强合作，为推动世界经济全面恢复和长远发展发挥更大作用。It is "necessary" for China and the United States to step up cooperation on coordinating macro economic and financial policies, pushing forward reforms in the international financial system and improving global economic governance structure.
2．当前形势下，两国应该以更加坚决的态度反对和抵制各种形式的保护主义。Under the current circumstances the two countries should more resolutely oppose and resist trade protectionism in any form.
3．放宽对华高技术产品出口限制，承认中国市场经济地位，并为双方企业扩大贸易和投资合作提供便利loosen restrictions on its export of hi-tech products to China, while recognizing China's market economy status and facilitating expansion of trade and investment cooperation.
四、继续推进各领域交流合作。ADVANCE EXCHANGES, COOPERATION IN VARIOUS AREAS
1．空间探索space exploration
2．高速铁路construction of high-speed railways
3．基础设施建设infrastructure
4．以中美清洁能源联合研究中心正式启动为契机，深化节能减排、新能源、可再生能源、清洁能源、提高能效、环境治理等领域合作The two sides should take the launch of the joint clean energy research center as a turning point and deepen cooperation on energy saving, emissions reduction, renewable energy and treatment of environmental pollution
5．中方愿继续本着双向互利的原则同美方加强反恐合作，也愿在平等、相互尊重、互不干涉内政的基础上就人权和宗教等问题开展对话交流，以增进了解、减少分歧、扩大共识。China is also willing to increase counter-terrorism cooperation with the United Stats on a basis of mutual benefit and hold dialogues with the United States on issues of human rights and religions based on the principle of equality, mutual respect and non-interference with each other's internal affairs.
五、共同应对各种地区和全球性挑战。WORK TOGETHER TO MEET GLOBAL, REGIONAL CHALLENGES
近年来，中美两国就地区热点问题和气候变化、核安全与核不扩散、打击跨国犯罪、减灾防灾、跨国传染病防治等全球性问题开展了密切协调和合作，使中美关系的战略水平和全球影响显著提升。
The two countries should continue to work together on global and regional hot issues in light of the benefit gained in recent years by cooperating on climate change, nuclear non-proliferation, crackdown on transnational crimes, disaster relief and prevention and treatment of contagious diseases.
中美关系发展历程证明一个道理 （2009年11月18日，总理温家宝总结的中美关系发展历程证明的道理）
“和则两利，斗则俱伤”；“互信则进，猜忌则退”。
The history of Sino-US relations has made it clear that cooperation benefits both sides while confrontation results in harms, and mutual trust brings progress while suspicion causes setbacks.
合作比遏制好，对话比对抗好，伙伴比对手好。
Cooperation is better than containment, dialogue is better than confrontation, and partnership is better than rivalship
2010年4月墨西哥湾爆发漏油事故the Gulf oil spill of April 2010
6月16日，墨西哥湾原油泄漏事件进入第58天，对这条漫长海岸线上的居民而言，这一天意味着“黑色夏日”的开始。由于英国石油公司（BP ：British Petroleum）封堵断裂油管的多次尝试宣告失败，8月份减压井工程完工前，漏油恐难得到遏制。一幕现实版的生态灾难片才刚刚拉开序幕。美国司法部长埃里克·霍尔德也于当天宣布，联邦政府已对墨西哥湾漏油事件展开刑事和民事调查。
Such oil spill has created an environmental catastrophe unparalleled in US history as tens of millions of gallons of have spewed into the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem.
The oil will penetrate into habitats that it’s difficult to get the oil out of.油污会蔓延到人们不易接近的生物栖息地，从而难以清理。
Eventually oil does degrade. The toxic fractions are all removed through natural processes, you know, oxidation and photodegradation and things like that, microbial decomposition. 最终石油是会降解的。有毒物质经过氧化、光降解、微生物作用等自然过程被降级。但整个过程绝不是一夜之间、甚至几年的事。
The April 2010 explosion that sent millions of gallons of crude oil gushing into the Gulf of Mexico threatens the hard-to-reach salt marshes lining the Gulf Coast.

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4. 2010年墨西哥湾油井爆炸喷发出来的原油已经对沿岸的盐沼造成威胁，这些盐沼是人们很难接近的。
需掌握的词汇表达：
oil spill/leak 漏油
Deepwater Horizon oil rig 深海地平线钻井平台
last-ditch effort 最后的努力
gasoline/petrol 汽油
top kill 灭顶法（通过泵将大量高密度液体注入输油管，抑制原油上涌，再用水泥封死漏油点。）
marsh湿地
clean-up清理
oceanographer海洋生物学家
oil well 油井
crude oil 原油
diesel oil 柴油
criminal probe 刑事调查
civil investigation 民事调查
filter feeders 滤食动物
spill zone 漏油区
ultra deep-water area 超深水区
shallow water areas 浅水区
environmental disaster 环境灾难
global crude prices 国际原油价格
toxic effects of oil 石油的毒性作用
dead zone 死亡区
leaking pipe 漏油管道
补充词汇（认识就行）：
containment valve 防漏阀
leak-proof cover 防漏罩
gusher 喷油井
relief well 减压井
bore hole 钻孔
siphon 虹吸
blowout preventer 封井器/防喷器
water samples 水样
tar balls 焦油球
trial-and-error process 试错过程/反复试验
undersea robots 海底机器人
robot submarines 机器人潜水艇
water break 水膜残迹
tanker 油轮
offshore drilling 海底钻探
drilling platform/oil rig 钻井平台
deepwater oil exploration 海洋石油勘探
heavy oil 重油
light oil 轻油
foamy oil 泡沫油
5. 世博会成功举办的意义是秋季口译考试的热点，大家需要格外关注。特别是世博会带来的经济效益和文化影响力。下面的段落希望大家熟读、其中的长句希望大家熟记。
　　Duration： May 1 to Oct 31, 2010
　　Theme：Better City, Better Life
　　Sub-themes: Blending of diverse cultures in the city, Economic prosperity in the city, Innovation of science and technology in the city, Remodeling of communities in the city, Rural-urban Interaction
　　Goal: To attract the participation of 200 countries and international organizations and 70 million visitors
　　Significance of hosting an Expo
　　Everything begins with the World Expo. As a top event of mankind at a peaceful time, it records the contemporary civilization and looks to future development. Through the inclusive World Expo, new technologies, products, ideas, knowledge and cultures can be exchanged among different countries.
　　(I) Relevance to science and technology: driving scientific and technological innovation
　　As a result of the progressing science and technology driven by the Industrial Revolution, the World Expo has become a trend-setter for contemporary technologies and promotes the application of modern science and technology into everyday life. Many new technologies and products made their debut in the World Expo before going public: it was through the World Expo that people got to know steam engine, sewing machine, rubber, submarine cable, telephone, TV and automobile and got familiar with computer science, public network and digitalized economy, human genome research, modern biotechnology, life science, nanometer technology and modern digital image technology etc. For example, the Eiffel Tower constructed for the 1889 Paris Expo became a world famous landmark, and the stone taken from the moon by American astronauts became an appealing exhibit in the 1970 Osaka Expo. The World Expo is a combination of scientific spirit, ideas, achievements, power and wisdom. Seeking truth, facts and laws can help get mankind closer to the objectivity and law of nature.
　　(II) Relevance to economy: promoting the industrial upgrade of the host city
　　Holding a World Expo can bring together all kinds of production factors in one area and at a certain time to optimize the allocation of economic resources and speed up the long-term development of the area. That has been the basic motivation for most of the World Expos staged. The phenomenon of "Expo Economy" is divided into three parts: firstly, economic activities directly caused by the Expo; secondly, economic activities centering on the use of Expo resources; thirdly, as a