过去完成时ppt.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,第七讲 过去完成时,含义,过去的过去,Now,过去完成时,=,过去时,+,完成时,构成,had+,过去分词,现在,完成时：,have+,过去分词,过去,完成时：,had+,过去分词,过去时,基本结构,肯定句,：主语,+had+,过去分词,.,否定句,：主语,+had+not+,过去分词,.,一般疑问句,：,Had+,主语,+,过去分词,?,肯定回答,：,Yes,主语,+had.,否定回答,：,No,主语,+had not.,特殊疑问句,：特殊疑问词或词组,+,一般疑问句（,Had+,主语,+,过去分词）？被动语态,：主语,+had,（,hadnt)+been+,过去分词,时间状语,过去完成时的时间状语,before,by the time,until,when,after,once,as soon as,用法,（,1,）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即,“,过去的过去,”,。,可以用,by,before,等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。,例如：,By nine o,clock last night,we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.,到昨晚,9,点钟，我们已经收到,200,张飞船发来的图片。,By the time I got to the station,the bus had left already.,当我到达车站的时候，车已经离开了。,I had never seen this kind of trees,before I came to Paris.,在我来巴黎之前，我从来没有见过这种树。,（,2,）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,。,常和,for,since,构成的时间状语连用。,例如：,I had been at the bus stop,for 20 minutes when a bus finally came,.,当车来的时候，我在车站已等了,20,分钟。,He said he had worked in that factory,since 1949,.,他说自从,1949,年以来他就在那家工厂工作。,（,3,）,叙述过去发生的事情,，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。,例如：,Mr.Smith died,yesterday,.He had been a good friend of mine.,史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。,I,didn,t know,a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.,我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。,（,4,）在含有,定语从句,的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。,例如：,I returned the book,that I had borrowed,.,我已归还了我借的书。,She found the key,that she had lost,.,她丢失的钥匙找到了。,（,5,）过去完成时常常用在,told,said,，,knew,heard,thought,等动词后的,宾语从句,（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前例如：,He said,that he had known her well.,他说他很熟悉她。,I thought,I had sent the letter a week before.,我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。,（,6,）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。,如,when,before,after,as soon,，,as,till/until,引导的,例如：,When I,woke up,it had already,stopped raining,.,我醒来时雨已停了。,She,didn,t go to bed,until she had,finished her work.,她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。,注意,：如果两个动作,紧接着,发生，则常常不用过去完成时，,特别是在包含,before,和,after,的复合句中,，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。,例如：,After he arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.,马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平,。,（,7,）动词,think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend,等用过去完成时来表示,过去未曾实现,的想法，希望，打算或意图等,。,例如：,They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.,他们,本来打算,去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。,We had hoped to be able to come and see you.,我们,本来希望,能来看看你。,（,8,）过去完成时还可用在,hardly,when,no sooner,than,It was the first(second,etc)time(that),等固定句型中。,It was the third time that,he had been out of work that year.,这是他那一年第三次失业了。,Hard,when.,一,就,例如：,He had,hardly,begun to speak,when,the audience interrupted him.,他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。,注意：,把,hardly,提前，须倒装,Hardly,had he begun to speak,when,the audience interrupted him.,No sooner,than,一 就,He had,no sooner,arrived,than,he went away again.,他刚到就又走了。,注意：,No sooner,提前，要倒装,No sooner,had he arrived,than,he went away again.,It was the third time that,he had been out of work that year.,这是他那一年第三次失业了。,高考题,1.,（,10,安徽,28,）,-Were you surprised by the ending of the film?,-No,I _the book,so I already knew the story?,A.was reading B.had read,C.am reading D.have read,-Were you surprised by the ending of the film?,-No,I _the book,so I already knew the story?,A.was reading B.had read,C.am reading D.have read,答案：,B.,考点：,本题考查时态用法。,解析：,句意为,“,我看过书了，已知道这个故事,”,。在,“,knew,”,前已看过，故用过去完成时。,2.,（,10,湖南,27,）,I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone,it.Was it you?,A.has done B.had done,C.would do D.will do,I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone,it.Was it you?,A.has done B.had done,C.would do D.will do,答案：,B,考点：,考查动词时态。,解析：,该空动作发生在,was just going to cut,之前，即表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。,句意为：,“,我正要剪切我的蔷薇丛但（发现）有人已经将它剪切了。是你干的吗？,”,3.,（,10,江苏,30,）,Peter,where did you guys go for the summer vacation?,We_ busy with our work for months,so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.,A.were B.have been,C.had been D.will be,Peter,where did you guys go for the summer vacation?,We_ busy with our work for months,so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.,A.were B.have been Chad been D.will be,选,C.,考查时态题,.,我们去海边发生在过去,.,而我们忙于工作在此之前,.,因此用过去完成时,.,4.,（,10,北京,28,）,It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me.,A.had done B.did,C.would do D.were doing,It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me.,A.had done B.did,C.would do D.were doing,答案：,A,考点,:,本题考查过去完成时和一般过去时的区别。,解析：,整个句子时态用的是一般过去时，我能够表示感谢就已经是过去，而他们对我的帮助则是过去的过去。因此选,A,。,5.(08,北京,27),The hotel wasn,t particularly good,，,but I,in many worse hotels.,A.was staying,B.stayed,C.would stay,D.had stayed,答案,D,解析 由句中的,worse,可知该句是表达比较的含义，故本题句意应为,:,这家旅馆并不特别好，但是我住过比它更差的旅馆。由于,“,The hotel wasn,t particularly good,”,中的时态是一般过去时态，所以,stay,这一动作应发生在描述情况之前，故须用过去完成时态。,The hotel wasn,t particularly good,，,but I,in many worse hotels.,A.was staying,B.stayed,C.would stay,D.had stayed,6.(08,辽宁,23),We first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that we,each other for years.,A.knew,B.have known,C.had known,D.know,We first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that we,each other for years.,A.knew,B.have known,C.had known,D.know,答案,C,解析 句意为：我们于,2000,年在火车上第一次相遇。我们两人都立刻觉得我们好像已认识了好多年。,that,从句中,know,的动作发生在句子谓语动词,felt,之前，因此从句谓语动词应用过去完成时态。,7.(07,安徽,26),They became friends again that day.Until then,，,they,to each other for nearly two years.,A.didn,t speak,B.hadn,t spoken,C.haven,t spoken,D.haven,t been speaking,They became friends again that day.Until then,，,they,to each other for nearly two years.,A.didn,t speak,B.hadn,t spoken,C.haven,t spoken,D.haven,t been speaking,答案,B,解析 到过去某个时间为止所完成的动作用过去完成时态。,8.(07,重庆,23),Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?,Yes,，,he did.He,his old friends for a long time.,A.didn,t see,B.wouldn,t see,C.hasn,t seen,D.hadn,t seen,Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?,Yes,，,he did.He,his old friends for a long time.,A.didn,t see,B.wouldn,t see,C.hasn,t seen,D.hadn,t seen,答案,D,解析,for a long time,与完成时连用，且前一句中用一般过去时，因此此处应用过去完成时态。,9.(07,江苏,23),At the end of the meeting,，,it was announced that an agreement,.,A.has been reached,B.had been reached,C.has reached,D.had reached,At the end of the meeting,it was announced that an agreement,.,A.has been reached,B.had been reached,C.has reached,D.had reached,答案,B,解析,“,达成协议,”,的动作发生在,was announced,之前，故用过去完成时。,10.(06,全国,12),John,，,a friend of mine,，,who got married only last week,，,spent$3,，,000 more than he,for the wedding.,A.will plan,B.has planned,C.would plan,D.had planned,John,，,a friend of mine,，,who got married only last week,，,spent$3,，,000 more than he,for the wedding.,A.will plan,B.has planned,C.would plan,D.had planned,答案,D,解析,plan,表示的动作发生在,spend,这一过去动作之前，故应该用过去完成时。句意为：我的朋友约翰上周,结婚了，婚礼花去了,3 000,美元，超过了原计划。,读故事,about a disabled boy,Shay asked,“,Do you think they,ll let me play?,”,Shay,s father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay,on their team,but the father also understood that if his son,mentally and physically disabled,were allowed to play,it would give him,a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence,.,Shay,s father,approached,one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play,not expecting much,.The boy looked around and said,“,We,re losing,by six runs,(,分,)and the game is in the eighth,inning(,局,).I guess he can be on our team and we,ll try to put him in to bat in the final inning.,Shay struggled over to the team,s bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had,a small tear,in his eye and warmth in heart.The boys,saw,the father,s joy at his son being accepted.,In the bottom of the eighth inning,Shay,s team,scored,a few runs but was still behind by three.,In the top of,the final inning,Shay put on a glove and played in the field.Even though no hits came his way,he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field.,In the bottom of,the final inning,Shay,s team scored again.Now,Shay was scheduled to be next at bat.Would they let Shay bat and,give away,their chance to win the game?,Surprisingly,Shay was given the bat.Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible.The first pitch(,投,)came and Shay missed.The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay.As the pitch came in,Shay,swung,at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.,The pitcher could have easily thrown he ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game.Instead,the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman,beyond the reach of all teammates,The audience and the players from both teams started screaming,“,Shay,run to first!,”,Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base,wide-eyed and shocked.,Everyone shouted,“,Run to second!,”,Catching his breath,Shay,awkwardly,ran towards second.By the time Shay rounded towards second base,the smallest guy on their team,who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time could have thrown the ball to the second baseman,but he understood the pitcher,s intentions and he too,intentionally,threw the ball high and far over the third baseman,s head.,All were screaming,，,“,Shay,，,Shay,，,Shay,，,all the way Shay.,”,Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted,“,Shay,run to third.,”,As Shay rounded third,all were on their feet,crying,“,Shay,run home,！,”,Shay ran to home,stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team.,That day,the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of true love and humanity into this world.Shay didn,t make it to another summer and died that winter,having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!,