时间状语从句(全面掌握).doc

状语从句
思考：什么是从句？
I don’t know the girl in red.

I don’t know the girl who is playing under the tree.

从句要素：① 至少要有两个句子
② 要有引导词

一、 什么是状语从句
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

You should have put the book where you found it.

I didn’t go because I was afraid.

二、状语从句的分类

1. 时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.目的状语从句

6. 让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句10.伴随状语从句

▲ 常见考点：
考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题；
考点二、连接词的选择。
考点三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换；
考点四、根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词；

三、 时间状语从句详解

1. 引导词
（1） 基本类：before ,after ,when ,while ,as ,since ,till ,until ,once ,as soon as.
（2） 名词类：（由名词词组充当引导词）
the moment ,the minute ,the second ,the instant ,(一…就…)
every time ,each time ,the first time ,the last time
（3） 副词类：（由副词充当引导词）
immediately ,directly ,instantly (一…就…)
（4） 句型类：
no sooner…than… ,hardly/scarcely…when…（一…就…）
2.引导词具体讲解：
当…时候：It was six o’clock when I got home.
Sb was doing sth when…
1)when 这时 Sb was about to do sth/was on the point of doing sth when…
Sb had just done sth when…
既然: It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.
既然你能5分钟就走到那儿，再搭出租车真是太傻了。

当…时候(引导持续性动作): He fell asleep while he was reading a book.
2) while 然而(用于句中) : He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music.
虽然,尽管(用于句首) While volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.

当…时候;随着 He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
3) as 因为 You can’t continue with the training as you haven’t recovered from the injury.
尽管 Hot as/though the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired
after the long journey.
正如,正像 The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved in the last two months.

肯定句:主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。He worked until late into the night.
4)till, until
否定句：主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。
★ not…until 的倒装句式和强调句式
He didn’t consider having a holiday until he retired from teaching three years ago.
倒装句式：Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday.
强调句式：It was not until he retired from teaching three years ago that he considered having a holiday.

5) before 在…之前,….才 We had sailed four days before we saw land.
还没来得及 Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
★ It was +时间段+before sb did sth…(…才)
★ It will be+时间段+before sb does sth (…才)
It was two weeks before we met again.两周之后我们才见面。
It will be two weeks before we meet again. 我们再过两个周才能见面。

6) since 自从… She has been working in this factory since she left school.
既然 Since Babara is no longer my wife, I’m no longer responsible for her debts. 既然芭芭拉不再是我的妻子，我也不用再负责她的债务了。
★ It is/ has been +段时间+ since sb did sth… （自从…以来多长时间）

7) 关于一…就…的表达方式：as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when, once 一…就…
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚一到家就开始下雨。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

8)每次…；每当…;下次…等表达方式：every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time, all the time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句。
Every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.

9) 几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：
1） It was +时间点+when…（当….的时候时间是….）
It was 5 am when we arrived at the village.
2） It was/will be+时间段+before…(没过…就／过了…才)
It was/will be two weeks before we met/meet again.
3） It is /has been +时间段+since…（自从…以来有…）
It is/has been 3 years since we last met.
★突破点：一看be动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。

3. 时间状语从句和强调句的区别
强调句的句型是：It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分
It was seven o'clock when we reached the station.（状语从句）
=It was "at" seven o'clock "that" we reached the station.(强调句，定语从句）
强调句和时间状语从句的区别是：时间状语从句可以去掉，不影响句子的完整性。而强调句that/who引导的句子是不能去掉的，否则句子就不完整了，单独的“It was at seven o'clock”是错误的。
(四)It is(was)+时间点+that的强调句型 强调句仅是形似，与“when”句型的比较很明显：
1. 强调句时间点部分通常带有介词或后面有副词；
2. 去掉it is(was)……that之后，句子整合成一个完整的句子。

Eg:①It was in the morning that I was robbed in the street. （删除后还原：I was robbed in the street in the morning.） =It was this morning that I was robbed in the street.
②It was at 7:00 that I met Tom this morning. （删除后还原：I met Tom this morning at 7:00.）
=It was 7:00 when I met Tom this morning

4. 关于时间定语从句和时间状语从句的区别
时间状语从句和定语从句的区别其实跟上面说的是一样的，强调句型其实就是一种特殊的定语从句。
本身最简单的表达法是：We reached the station at seven o'clock.
强调句It was "at seven o'clock" that we reached the station（为了强调"at seven o'clock"）
同时它也是定语从句：从句“that we reached the station”修饰的是it=the time.
也就是说关键是看前面有没有先行词，有就是定语从句，没有就是时间状语从句。
如：1.By the time when you arrived in Beijing, we had stayed there for two weeks.
有先行词 the time 那么when you arrived in London就是定语从句　
2.when you arrived in Beijing, we had stayed there for two weeks.
没有先行词 when you arrived in London就是时间状语从句。

5.“It +be+ 时间 + 从句”结构
总结一
在“ It +be+ 时间 + 从句”结构中，引导从句的从属连词有 before, that, since, until （ till ） , when 等。这一结构是近几年高考常考的知识点，现将它们的用法小结如下：
一、 It +be （ not ） + 时间段 +before 从句。
其中的主句是肯定式时，意为“过多长时间才……”；主句是否定式时，意为“没过多久就……”。例如：
1. It may be five or six years before the new medicine is tested on human beings.
要过五六年时间这种新药才能在人身上做试验。
2. It was two months before he designed the bridge. 过了两个月，他设计出了这座桥梁。
二、 It +will be （ was ） + 时间段 +until 从句
若主句中用一般将来时，则从句中用一般现在时，意思是从现在起到从句中谓语动词表示的动作发生时还有多长时间；若主句中用一般过去时，则从句中也用一般过去时，意思是从过去某一时间起到从句中谓语动词表示的动作发生还有多长时间。例如：
1. It will be ten days until my birthday comes. 到我生日还有十天。
2. It was only five minutes until her husband came back from work.
当时离她丈夫下班只有五分钟了。
注意：结构“一”与结构“二”在肯定句中几乎可以通用。但是，若从句中谓语动词表示的将来动作一定或预期肯定会发生，则多用 until 引导从句；若从句中谓语动词表示的将来动作在客观上并非一定要发生时，则多用 before 引导从句。
三、 It +is / has been （ was ） + 时间段 +since 从句
在这一结构中，主句常用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。如果 since 引导的状语从句中的谓语动词为非延续性动词，则表示“自从状语从句中的动作发生以后，时间过不了多久”。例如：
1. It is two years since Jim came to China.
吉姆来中国两年了。
2. It has been three years since they got married.
他们结婚已经三年了。
如果 since 从句中的谓语动词为延续性动词，则表示“自从从句谓语动词表示的动作结束以来，时间已过了多久”。例如：
3. It is / has been a year since he smoked.
他戒烟已经一年了。
四、 It +is / was + 时间点 +when 从句
在这一结构中，时间之前没有介词，从句为 when 引导的时间状语从句。从句常用一般过去时，意为“当某事发生时，时间是……”。例如：
1. It was October 1st, 1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded.
中华人民共和国成立于 1949 年 10 月 1 日。
2. What time was it when you got to school?
你几点到的学校。
五 . It is /was + 时间状语 +that 从句
这是一个强调句型，被强调的部分是时间状语。表示“正是在某个时间，某事发生了”。
例如 1. It was ten years ago that he joined the army. 他正是在十年前参的军。
2. It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street. 就是在昨天下午我在街上遇见了他。
六、 It is / was +first time / second time + （ that ）从句
在这一结构中， time 前面常用序数词来修饰， that 引导的是定语从句，从句中常用现在完成时态或过去完成时态，表示“这是第……次做某事”。例如：
1. This is the first time in my life that I have come to Beijing.
这是我一生中第一次来北京。
2. It was the third time that he had asked the same question. 这是他第三次问同一个问题。
七、 It is （ high ） time +that 从句
在这一结构中， that 从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“ should + 动词原形”或用动词的过去式，表示“该做某事了”。例如：
1. It is high time that we began our work. 我们该开始我们的工作了。
2. It is time that he left the place. 他该离开那个地方了。

总结二
例1：It　is　almost　five　years_____we　saw　each　other　last　time.(05北京)
A.before B.since　C.after　D.when
例1.正确答案：B　我们已经有5年没见面了。
例2：-Did　Jack　come　back　early　last　night？
-Yes.It　was　not　yet　eight　o‘clock________he　arrived　home.
A.before　　B.when　　C.that　　D.until
例2.正确答案：B　他回家时还不到8点

这类考题出现频率较高，考生又极易混淆，在复习中做出归类非常必要：

1.It　is/has　been　+　时间段　+　since　+　一般过去时
例1：It　is/has　been　10　years　since　he　came　here.这类句型可转化为： =Ten　years　has　passed　since　he　came　here. 这一句型可扩展为：It　was+时间段+since(从句用过去完成时)
例2：It　was　years　since　he　had　arrived　in　China.(过去是+since+过去完成时) 需要注意的是since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，但有时也可用延续性动词或表示状态的词，此时需要注意句子的翻译：
例3：It　is　three　years　since　she　came　to　our　class.她来我们班已经有三年了。 It　is　three　years　since　she　was　in　our　class.她离开我们班已经有三年了。

2.It　+　was　+　时间点　+　when　clause(从句谓语用一般过去时) will　be+时间点+when　clause(从句谓语用一般现在时表将来)
例1：It　was　already　evening　when　he　came　back.当他回家时已经8点了。
例2：It　will　be　midday　when　they　get　home.当他们到家时将是中午。

3.It + will(not) be + 时间段 + before + 现在时 was(not)+时间段+before+过去时
例1：It　will　be　another　year　before　he　comes　here.
例2：It　was　some　time______we　realized　the　truth.(2005山东24)
A.when　　B.until　　C.since　　D.before

例2：正确答案：D。过了一段时间后我们才了解了真相。 该句型中before前常用时间段，表示“…之后才…”“在…之前就…”;有时before前也可以用时间点，此时突出表示动作的变化。试比较：

例3：It　was　evening　before　we　reached　the　little　town　of　Tailstocks. 当我们到达Tailstocks时已经黑了。(到达前天还没有黑)

4.It/This　is　+　the　+　序数词　+　时间　+　定语从句(从句用完成时)

例1：It　is　the　first　time　(that)　I　have　been　here.(定语从句) 该句型可扩展为：It　was+序数词+时间+定语从句(从句用过去完成时)
例2：It　was　the　second　time　he　had　been　out　with　her　alone.
例3：It’s　the　second　time　you________late　this　week. A.arrive　　B.arrived　　C.havearrived　　D.hadarrived 正确答案：C。这是这个星期你第二次迟到了。

5.It　is　+　(high)time　+　that　+　did(虚拟语气)
例1：It　is　(high)　time　(that)　we　stopped　pollution. 其中that引导得从句中也可用should+V(原型)
例2：It　is　(high)　time　(that)　you　came/should　come　here. 写作中表示建议时也常可用这类句型。
例3：It‘s　high　time　we　took　measures　to　solve　this　problem.

注意应将以上5种句型与强调时间的强调句型的区别。

6.It　be　+　时间(被强调部分)　+　that
例1：It　was　at　6　o’clock　that　we　heard　the　noise.
例2：It　was　3　years　ago　that　he　joined　the　army. 最简单的判断方法是：当表示时间的词前有介词或者后有副词时，一定是强调结构，必用that。 试比较下面句式与强调句的不同之处： It　was　already　ten　o‘clock　when　he　arrived. It　is　ten　years　since　I　met　you　last. It　was　quite　some　time　before　he　found　the　elephant　at　all. 以上几句中时间前无介词后没副词故不是强调句型。

《动手练一练》：
1.It　was　not　until　1936________basketball　became　a　regular　part　of　the　Olympic　Games.
A.that　　B.when　　C.which　　D.then
2.It　will　not　be________we　meet　again.
A.long　before　B.before　long C.soon　after　　D.shortly　after
3.──He　was　nearly　drowned　once.
──When　was________？
──________was　in　1998　when　he　was　in　middle　school.
A.that;It　　B.this;This　C.this;It　　D.that;This
4. It　was　evening________we　reached　the　little　town　of　Winchester.(04天津)
A.that B.until C.since　D.before
5.Scientists　say　it　may　be　five　or　six　years it　is　possible　to　test　this　medicine　on　human　patients.
A.since　　B.after　　C.before　　D.when
6.It　was______I　met　Mr.Smith　in　London.
A.many　years　that　　 B.for　many　years　since
C.since　many　years　ago　when　　D.many　years　ago　that
7. -What　was　the　party　like？
-Wonderful.It‘s　years_____I　enjoyed　myself　so　much.
A.after　　B.before　　C.when　　D.since
8.It　was　about　600　years　ago___the　first　clock　with　a　face　and　an　hour　hand　was　made.
A.that　　B.until　　C.before　　D.when

(Keys：AAADCDDA 1正确答案：A 2正确答案：B )

常见时间状语:
1.Often,usually----------动词原型do,does,am,is, are
2.yesterday,last Sunday,in the past-------动词过去式did,was,were
3.now--------be+doing
4.while,at that time,-------was doing,were doing
5.since从句,for 2 days,------have done,have been
+过去的某个时间点----had done,had been
7.与现在完成相似-------have been+持续动词ing形式
8.一切表示将来的时间状语，in+一段时间-------将来要发生的一般性动作,will,shall+原型
9.与一般将来时相似-----------would+原型