专题09-必修第2册-Unit-3-The-Internet(学生版)-(人教版2019).docx

Unit3The Internet
目标导航

重点词汇
阅读单词——我会认
1．blog n．
2．blogger n．
3．identity n．
4．database n．
5．software n．
6．network n．
7．province n．
8．resident n．
9．battery n．
10．button n．
11．file n．
12．troll n．
13．cyberbully n．
14．guideline n．
15．define vt.
16．stream vt.
重点单词——我会写
1． n．引擎；发动机；火车头
2． vi.聊天；闲聊
3． n．现金；金钱
4． vt.更新；向……提供最新信息n．更新；最新消息
5． adj.卡住；陷(入)；困(于)
6． vt.& vi.浏览；冲浪
7． n．慈善；慈善机构(或组织)
8． adj.艰难的；严厉的
9． conj.而且；此外 n．加号；优势prep.加；另加
10． n．功能；作用；机能vi.起作用；正常工作；运转
11． vt.确认；使确信
12． vt.按，压；敦促
13． n．折扣 vt.打折
14． n．账户；描述
15． vt.& vi.点击
16． n．目标；对象；靶子 vt.把……作为攻击目标
17． adj.特定的；特别的；讲究的
18． adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的 vt.使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
19． n．忠告；诀窍；实用的提示
20． adj.熟悉；熟知
21． n．盒；箱；情况；案件
词汇拓展
1．convenient adj.方便的；近便的→ n．方便→ n．不便
2．benefit n．益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→ adj.有益的
3．distance n．距离→ adj.遥远的；疏远的→ adv.疏远地
4．inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考→ adj.鼓舞人心的；使人振奋的→
adj.受启发的；受鼓舞的→ n．灵感；启发
5． access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt.进入；使用；获取→
adj.可以进入的；可以使用的
6．privacy n．隐私；私密→ adj.私人的；秘密的→ adv.私下地
7．theft n．偷(窃)；盗窃罪→ n．小偷
8．rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→ adv.粗鲁地→ n．粗鲁，粗暴
9．false adj.假的；错误的→ n．错误；瑕疵
10．embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的→ adj.感到难堪(尴尬)的→
n．尴尬
重点词组
1．keep pany
2．now that
3．go through
4．in shape

5．keep track of
6．make fun of
7．keep (...) in mind
重点句型
1．There are countless articles .
讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。
2． At age 50，she found herself out of work and stuck at home
.
50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。
3．She was inspired by the people she met online she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年纪较大的人们学习如何使用电脑和互联网。
4．A troll is a person who posts comments or questions .
网络挑事者就是在网上张贴评论或问题以挑起事端的人。
5．However， polite you are， likely it is you will be attacked.
但是，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。

知识精讲

知识点01 　convenient adj.方便的；近便的
There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。
[例1]　If it's convenient for you，let's meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.
如果你方便的话，我们8：30在学校门口碰头吧。
[例2]　Come by to see us when it is convenient for you.
＝Come by to see us at your convenience.
在你方便的时候来看看我们。
[造句]你明天走方便吗？
Would it be convenient for you to leave tomorrow?
[知识拓展]
(1)be convenient for sb./sth.　　 对某人/物是方便的
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事
be convenient for sth. 离……很近
(2)convenience n. [U]方便；便利
[C]便利的设施
for convenience 为了方便起见
at one's convenience 在……方便的时候
for the convenience of sb. 为了某人的方便
(3)conveniently adv. 方便地
[名师点津]　
convenient作表语时，不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，且在It is convenient for sb. to do sth.结构中介词for不能用介词of代替。
[即学即练]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①Please call on me anytime when ．
欢迎来访，只要您方便，任何时候都可以。
② ，I'd like to invite you and your family to visit China.
在你方便的时候，我想邀请你和你的家人到中国来。
③Most of us like the (convenient)of using credit cards to buy things.
④When faster and (convenient)ways for travel are becoming available，I still favor using my own feet.I get much pleasure from it.
[小片段填空]
I bought this apartment for its —it is very for the bus station and it has a lot of ．
因为方便我买了这间公寓。从这里去公共汽车站很方便，也有许多便利的设施。
知识点2　She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.
她意识到互联网的最大好处之一就是能够消除通常存在于人和人之间的距离感。
(1)benefit n．益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
[例1]　For the benefit of those people who arrived late，I'll just go over the plan again.
为了那些迟到的人，我将把计划再讲一遍。
[例2]　Reading more books is of great benefit to children.
多读书对孩子们很有好处。
[造句]许多学生将从这个新的教学方法中获益。
A large number of students will benefit from the new teaching method.
[知识拓展]
(1)for the benefit of 为……；为……的利益
be of benefit to 对……有益
(2)benefit from/by... 从……受益；得益于
benefit sb. 对某人有益
(3)beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；受益的
be beneficial to 对……有益；对……有利
[即学即练]
单句语法填空/一句多译
①While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us (benefit)Vitamin D.
②You can also revise the knowledge at the same time and you are sure to benefit it.
③课前预习让我受益匪浅。
→It really a lot to preview lessons before class.(benefit vt.)
→It is me to preview lessons before class.(benefit n．)
→It is me to preview lessons before class.(beneficial adj.)
[小片段填空]
I found this treatment very to my health.Besides，daily exercise me a lot.
我发现这种疗法对我的健康很有益。此外，每天锻炼对我很有好处。

(2)distance n．距离
[例1]　One can see the ancient ruins at a distance of 20 miles.人们从20英里处就能看到这个古老的废墟。
[例2]　It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
很难搞懂她，因为她总是与其他人保持一定的距离。
[造句]从远处看，这座山比以前更绿了。
The mountain in the distance appears greener than it was before.
[知识拓展]
(1)in the distance　 在远处
from/at a distance 隔一段距离；从远处
at a distance of... 在……远处
keep one's distance 保持距离
keep sb. at a distance 避免与某人太亲近
(2)distant adj. 不友好的，冷淡的，疏远的；遥远的
[即学即练]
单句语法填空/用distance的相关短语填空
①In ancient times，people rarely travelled long (distance).
②The time we spent together is now a (distance)memory.
③His office is of 10 kilometers from his house.
④The soldiers heard the burst of guns ．
[小片段填空]
It snows all the year round in that little village.In winter，everything in the
looks white.
在那个遥远的小村落里整年下雪。在冬天，远处的一切看起来是白色的。
知识点3　inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考
She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人们学习使用电脑和互联网。
[例1]　His brother was admitted to Peking University，which inspired him to study harder.
他的哥哥被北京大学录取了，这激励他更加努力学习。
[例2]　His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
＝His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.
他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。
[造句]我们的挑战是要激励他们加入我们的事业。
Our challenge is to inspire them to join our cause.
[知识拓展]
(1)inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth.＝inspire sth. in sb.
激起或引起某人……
(2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的
(3)inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists
(explore)the outer space.
②She was one of the most (inspire)people I've ever met.
③The book (inspire)by a real person，namely Tamara de Treaux.
④Dreams can be a rich source of (inspire)for an artist.
[小片段填空]
She was an to all of us.Her speech yesterday made us ．We are determined to learn from her and try to do our job better.
她鼓舞了我们所有人。她昨天的鼓舞人心的演讲使我们深受鼓舞。我们决心向她学习，努力把我们的工作做得更好。
知识点4　access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt.进入；使用；获取
She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology.
她认为消除数字鸿沟、确保每人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术是非常重要的。
[例1]　Students at the Belfast campus have access to excellent sports facilities.
在贝尔法斯特校园的学生可以使用极好的体育设施。
[例2]　The facilities have been adapted to give access to wheelchair users.
这些设施已经改造过以方便轮椅使用者进入。
[造句]学生必须拥有良好的资源。
Students must have access to good resources.
[知识拓展]
(1)gain/get/have/obtain access to
　　　　　　 可以到达/使用/得到(机会，权利等)
give access to 得以接近；准许进入
(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to sb. 易被某人接近/使用/进入等
[即学即练]
单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Kids shouldn't have access violent films because they might imitate(模仿)the things they see.
②Nowadays，most services are rated on the Internet，which are easy (access).
③The remote desert area is (access)only by helicopter.
④这是进入这栋楼的唯一入口。(access)
.
⑤我不能进入数据库。(access)
.
[小片段填空]
Such information is not really ，as ordinary people have no to it.
这种信息不是很容易得到的，因为普通人无法得到这种信息。
[名师点津]　
access的本意是进入某一地点的“通道，入口”，侧重进入的手段与途径，其含义是抽象的，一般用作不可数名词。其引申义可指“接近或取得……的方法、手段、权力等”，常与介词to连用。此外，access在计算机术语中可作“访问，进网”讲。
知识点5　go through经历；度过；通读；仔细检查；用完
“When you go through tough times，you meet others who are facing similar challenges，”Jan says.
简说：“当你经历艰难时期时，你会遇到其他面临类似挑战的人。”
[例1]　How long will it take you to go through the book?

看完这本书你需要用多长时间？
[例2]　I always start the day by going through my emails.
我总是以检查电子邮件开始新的一天。
[造句]上周我们花光了所有的钱，没钱买牛奶了。
We went through all the money last week and had nothing to buy the milk.
[知识拓展]
go ahead　 前进；请说(做吧)
go over 越过……；温习
go against 背叛；违背；违反
go by 走过(某处)；(时间)过去；流逝
go up 上升，上涨
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①—May I open the window to let in some fresh air?
—Go ．
②Things will get better as time goes ．
③Anyone who goes nature will be punished.
④—The professor has done some research on wild plants for 20 years.
—Oh！He must have gone a lot of difficulties!
⑤The price of goods is going ．That is to say，things are becoming expensive.
⑥Tomorrow there will be a maths test for us.I have to go my lessons now.
知识点6　At age 50，she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company.
50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。
[句式分析]
句中found herself out of work and stuck at home属于“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。herself是found的宾语，out of work and stuck at home作宾补。
[例1]　When he awoke，he found himself in a room he didn't recognize.
当他醒来，他发现自己在一个完全陌生的房间。
[例2]　A group of children were found playing on the playground.
有人发现一群孩子正在操场上玩耍。
[造句]我发现我的钱包在公交车上被偷了。
I found my wallet stolen on the bus.
[知识拓展]
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2)find it＋形容词/名词＋to do (it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
[翻译]I found it pleasant to be with your family.
我发现和你的家人在一起很开心。
[翻译]He found the text difficult to understand．
他发现这篇课文很难理解。
[即学即练]
单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose)for words.
②A cook will be immediately fired if he is found (smoke)in the kitchen.
③我发现他们正等着迎接我们。
.
④老师发觉Lucy很诚实。
.
知识点7 Now that he works and can take care of himself，his daughter has time to study at university.
现在他工作了，可以照顾自己了，他女儿有时间上大学了。
[句式分析]
句中now that意为“既然”，在意思和用法上同since，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略。
[例1]　Now (that)you are grown up，you must stop this childish behaviour.
既然已经长大，你必须停止这种幼稚的行为。
[例2]　Now that everyone is here，let's start to work.
既然所有人都到了，让我们开始工作吧。
[造句]既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。
Now that everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.
[知识拓展]
(1)引导原因状语从句的连词还有because，since，as，in that，considering (that)，seeing (that)等。
(2)for为并列连词，引导并列分句，表示补充说明原因，不能置于句首，其前通常用逗号隔开。
[即学即练]
完成句子
①既然你已经决定去做，那么你就应该把它做好。
，you should do it well.
②既然这个问题已经解决，让我们进入下一个吧。
，let's go to the next.
语法精讲

现在完成时的被动语态
[观察例句]
1．Much has been written about the Great Wall.
2．Many people have been helped by the club.
3．Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
4．Look at the way your face has been washed.
5．Today I thought I'd answer a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
[归纳句法]
一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成
have/has＋been＋过去分词
二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
肯定式
主语＋have/has been done...
否定式
主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式
Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式
疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
The city has been swept through by heat wave recently.
最近炎热横扫了这座城市。
His work has not been finished.
他的工作尚未完成。
Have the new booking systems for tickets been used?
新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？
How long has the battery not been changed?
电池多久没有更换了？
[即学即练1]　根据要求变换句子
The children have already been told the good news.
①The children the good news yet.(改为否定句)
② the good news yet？(改为一般疑问句)
③ the good news yet？(对the children进行提问)
三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，before...等连用。
The work has already been finished.
工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)
The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.
还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
3．用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.
你的任务一完成就可以回家。
[即学即练2]　单句语法填空
①In the last few years thousands of films have been produced(produce)all over the world.
②Though we don't know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic has been changed(change).
四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意的事项
1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was opened to the public last year.
去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)
The park has been opened to the public.
这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)
2．非延续性动词
如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
The work was finished two weeks ago.
这项工作在两周前已经完成。
The work has been finished.
这项工作已经完成。
3．动词短语
动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说已经调查了这个问题。
4．带有复合宾语的动词
变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。
注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.
→They have been told to help you.
5．带有双宾语的动词
如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by