专题12---形容词和副词-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用)----解析版.doc

专题12 形容词和副词
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）While rock-climbing, you need to remain very _____ so that you won't make any dangerous errors.
A．satisfied B．focused C．amused D．delighted
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在攀岩的时候，你需要保持非常专注，这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。A. satisfied满意的；B. focused专注的；C. amused被逗乐的；D. delighted高兴的。根据后文“so that you won't make any dangerous errors”可知要想不犯任何危险的错误，攀岩的时候需要保持专注，focused符合语境。故选B。
2．（2021·天津卷）As working from home becomes ________ common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.
A．increasingly B．equally C．nervously D．confusingly
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着在家工作变得越来越普遍，人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。A. increasingly越来越多地，渐增地；B. equally相等地；C. nervously紧张地；D. confusingly令人困惑地。根据后文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career”可知人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易，是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍，increasingly符合语境。故选A。
3.（2021·全国甲卷）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 45. __________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly, you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or, just to watch the local people going about their 50. ___________ (day) routines.
【答案】 45. better 50. daily
【解析】45. 考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中“than” 可知，应该填写形容词的比较级的形式，故填better。
50. 考查形容词。此处表示“观察当地人的日常生活”，修饰routines, 故用形容词，故填daily。
4. （2021·全国乙卷短文改错）
What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework……
【答案】 7. most→more 8. mentally→mental 9. our→my
【解析】
7. 考查固定搭配。句意：此外，做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式固定短语“what’s more”译为“此外”。故将most改为more。
8. 考查形容词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。修饰名词relaxation(放松)需要用形容词。故将mentally改为mental。
9. 考查人称代词。句意：这是我对家务的看法。根据全文内容以及句意可知，此处表达“这是我对家务的看法”。故将our改为my。
5. (2021·新高考I卷)
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
【答案】58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished
【解析】58.考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
59.考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
60.考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
6. (2021·浙江卷)When the house was built, it was much ___39___ （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote,
………
【答案】39. smaller
【解析】39.考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging.
【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
2.（2020·新课标I卷）Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】much
【解析】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
3.（2020·新课标I卷）Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
【答案】将simply改为simple
【解析】考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。
4.（2020·新课标II卷）Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
【答案】Certainly
【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
5.（2020·新课标II卷）The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
【答案】beautiful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
6.（2020·新课标II卷）I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
【答案】将surely改为sure
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
7.（2020·新课标II卷）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
【答案】将such改为so
【解析】考查副词。句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子，此处应表示“以便；所以”。故将such改为so。
8.（2020·新课标III卷）As the small boat moved, 68． (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
【答案】gently
【解析】考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
9. （2020·江苏卷）The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an _____ change in our life and work.
A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。A. absurd荒谬的；B. abrupt突然的；C. allergic过敏的；D. authentic真实的。根据常识可知，新冠肺炎疫情给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。故选B。
10.（2020·天津卷）According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ______.
A．worthwhile B．necessary C．optional D．serious
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。A. worthwhile值得的；B. necessary必要的；C. optional 可选择的，选修的；D. serious严肃的，认真的。根据“we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to”可知，这本书读不读都可以，由此可知，它是“可选择的”。故选C。
11.（2020·山东卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36． (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
【答案】wealthy
【解析】考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise.
A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A. casual偶然的，随便的；B. regular定期的，有规律的；C. flexible灵活的；D. tight紧的，密封的。故选C。
2.【2019·新课标I卷】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
【答案】poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
3.【2019·新课标II卷】Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
4.【2019·新课标III卷】On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
【答案】so
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
【2018年】
1.【2018·江苏】Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A. keen B. reluctant
C. anxious D. ready
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A. keen敏锐的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. anxious渴望的；D. ready准备好的。故选B。
2.【2018·新课标I卷】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners.
【答案】 longer
【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
3.【2018·新课标I卷】I felt happily that their life had improved.
【答案】happily改成happy
【解析】考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。
4.【2018·新课标II卷】A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
【答案】 actually
【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
5.【2018·新课标II卷】According to the World Bank China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption.
【答案】 global
【解析】句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
6.【2018·新课标III卷】He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
7.【2018·浙江卷】There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
【2017年】
1.【2017·江苏卷】The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _______ explanations are hard to find.
A. alternative B. aggressive C. ambiguous D. apparent
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词的辨析。A. alternative可供替代的；B. aggressive好斗的，有进取心的；C. ambiguous
有野心的，耗时的；D. apparent显而易见的。句意：恐龙的消失未必是由天体灾害引起的，但是也很难找
到其它的解释。故选A。
【2016年】
1.【2016·江苏】His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A. explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最清晰的说明。故A正确。
2.【2016·江苏】His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A. explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最清晰的说明。故A正确。
3.【2016·浙江】In this article , you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.
A. specific B. permanent C. abstract D. universal
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。A.具体，明确的；B.永久的；C.抽象的；D.全球的，共通的。故选A。
【2015年】
1.(2015﹒浙江) Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was alive.
A. steadily B. instantly C. formerly D. permanently
【答案】C
【解析】句意:就算我们很少了解食物来自于哪里，我们大多数人都明白，放在我们的口里的每一点食物在之前都是活着的。A.steadily意为稳定地，B. instantly 意为立即地，C. formerly 意为先前地;D. permanently意为永久地。在做题的时候，只需要理解最后一句话就可以了was galive根据句意及常识不能得出答案,在吃入口中之前的都是活着的。
2.(2015﹒浙江) Listening is thus an active, not a , behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
A. considerate B. sensitive C. reliable D. passive
【答案】D
【解析】句意：因此听是一种主动的，而不是被动的行为它包含听，理解和记忆。A. considerate意为考虑周全的， B. sensitive意为敏感的，C. reliable意为可靠的，D. passive意为被动的。根据not可以知道前后是反义表达，所以选D。此题的关键是有一个not这是表示否定的，这表明跟前面的active是反义的关系，根据4个选项的意思不能得出答案是 D. passive被动的。
3.(2015﹒四川)Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze
【答案】C
【解析】本句考查形容词作状语。本句考查形容词作伴随状语，意为：小Tom坐在那儿看着小猴子在他面前跳舞，很吃惊。主要考查B、C之间的区别，选项B意为：令人吃惊的，常修饰物；而选项C意为：感到吃惊的，常修饰人。根据句意，本题选择C。
4.(2015﹒四川)Andy is content with the toy. It is he has ever got.
A. a better B. the better C. a best D. the best
【答案】D
【解析】考查最高级和比较级根据上一句话可知，Andy对这个玩具很满意，故选择D，意为：这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。
5.(2015﹒福建)It was________of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
A. careless B. considerate C. patient D. generous
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析A.careless不小心的；B.considerate体贴的；C.Patient有耐心的；D.generous慷慨的。该句意思为：麦克真是体贴，他通知我们他会迟点来以防我们着急。故选B
6.(2015﹒江苏)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _______ review of the case.
A. comprehensive B. complicated C. conscious D. crucial
【答案】A
【解析】句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A项“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B项“复杂的”；C项“有意识的”；D项“至关重要的”。故选A项。
7.(2015﹒安徽)I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
A. special B. superior C. grateful D. attractive
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。A特殊的；B优秀的，比......好的；C感激的；D有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情，故选C。
8.(2015﹒安徽)They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies.
A. legally B. sincerely C. personally D. deliberately
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是一个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。A合法地；B真诚地；C亲自，当面地，个人而言；D故意地。故选C。
9.(2015﹒湖北)The girl used to be shy, but is ____ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
A. gradually B. usually C. previously D. merely
【答案】A
【解析】意:那个女孩过去很害羞，但现在团队合作越来越积极, (比以前)更愿意表达自己的想法。A项“逐渐地”B项“通常，经常”; C项“以前”; D项“仅仅”。故选A项。
10.(2015﹒湖北)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be_____.
A. accurate B. punctual C. efficient D. reasonable
【答案】B
【解析】句意：尽管会议大厅靠近他的公寓，如果他想要准时的话，还是必须快点。A项“精确的”；B项“守时的，准时的”；C项“有效率的”；D项“合理的”。故选D项。
11.(2015﹒湖北)I don’t think what he said is _____ to the topic we are discussing . He has missed the point.
A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar
【答案】C
【解析句意：我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。A项“忠实的，忠诚的”；B项“与……平行”；C项“和……相关”；D项“和……相似”。be relevant to“和……相关”。故选C项。
【2014年】
1.(2014﹒安徽)My good performance in the job interview left me about my future and about what I can do here.
A. puzzled B. sensitive C. optimistic D. embarrassed
【答案】C
【解析】形容词puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；optimistic乐观的；embarrassed尴尬的；句义：在工作面试中良好表现让我对自己的未来和在这里能够做的事情很乐观。根据My good performance in the job interview表现良好，说明我对自己未来很有信心，故C正确。
2.(2014﹒安徽)It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and, ,supply more jobs.
A. however B. anywhere C. therefore D. otherwise
【答案】C
【解析】副词however然而；anywhere无论何处；therefore因此；otherwise否则，要不然；另外一方面；句义：在市场上起着更重要的作用是我们的希望，因此通过更多的工作。我们要想在市场上起着更重要的作用是通过提供更多的工作实现的。上下文之间是因果关系。故C正确。
3.(2014﹒大纲卷)Raymond’s parents wanted him to have ______ possible education.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
【答案】D
【解析】句义：Raymond的父母亲想要他得到最好的可能的教育。本句是常识，父母亲当然希望自己的孩子能够得到最好的教育，有最好的发展前途。故D正确。
4.(2014﹒大纲卷)Henry was away from home for quiet a bit and _____ saw his family.
A. frequently B. seldom C. always D. usually
【答案】B
【解析】副词frequently频繁地，经常地；seldom很少；always总是，一直；usually通常。句义：Harry已经离开家有一段时间了，他很少看见他的父亲。根据句义可知他已经离开家了，那么很少有和父亲见面的机会。故使用副词seldom表示否定。故B正确。
5.(2014﹒大纲卷)--- What did you do last weekend?
--- Nothing _____.
A. much B. else C. ever D. yet
【答案】A
【解析】本题中的固定搭配nothing much没什么，很少；nothing else没有别的事情。句义：—上个周末你干嘛了？—我什么也没有做。根据句义可知表示的是否定含义。故A正确。
6.(2014﹒福建)With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) way of reaching target customers.
A. temporary B. complex C. accurate D. efficient
【答案】D
【解析】本题考察的是形容词词义辨析temporary暂时的；complex复杂的；accurate准确的，精确的；efficient高效的句义：随着网络购物越来越流行，因特网被看作是找到目标客户的高效的方法。根据前半句可知网络购物的流行让我们很容易就会找到目标客户，所以因特网是一个很高效的方法。故D正确。
7.(2014﹒湖北)What was so ______ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.
A. awful B. essential C. impressive D. obvious
【答案】C
【解析】A糟糕的，可怕的，极坏的；B必要的；基本的；D留有深刻印象的；D明显的，显然的；句意：关于Jasmine Westland的胜利给人印象最深刻的是他赤脚得到了马拉松比赛的第一名。根据句意Jasmine Westland赤脚获得第一名，这是最让人难忘的事情。故C项符合上下文串联。
8.(2014﹒湖北)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ______ smile and let him go.
A. cautious B. grateful C. tolerant D. wild
【答案】C
【解析】A谨慎的，小心的；B感激的C宽容的；容忍的，忍受的；D野生的，野蛮的；句意：她并没有责备打破花瓶的那个孩子，相反她对他宽容地笑了一下，并让他离开了。根据Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase她并没有责备他，说明她很宽容。故C项正确。
9.(2014﹒湖北)Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ______, “Don’t be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her.
A. dreadfully B. guilti