中档题型高分练(07)阅读理解(C、D篇)+完形填空(解析版).docx

中档题型高分练（二）
阅读理解（C、D篇）+完形填空
I.阅读理解
C
A new study finds too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant produces. Researchers put up street lights in Swiss meadows, far from any real street. The setup mimicked(模拟) urban light pollution. In these now-light-polluted fields, flowers had 62 percent fewer night visitors — insect pollinators (传粉者)— than the flowers in dark meadows did.
Cabbage thistles are the most common flowers in these meadows. Fewer insect visitors at night could mean less pollen (花粉) pollinated from plant to plant (the first step in producing seeds). “For the thistles, daytime pollinator visits didn’t make up for this loss at night,” says Eva Knop, an ecologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland. Overall, night-lit plants produced one-eighth fewer seeds than plants that got full nights of darkness did.
“Light pollution might affect a whole network of plants and their pollinators,” Knop and her colleagues now suggest. Indeed, night pollination is not just a lonely business for a few special plants. There are lots of links between production of pollen by night and that by day. Plants with a lot of night visits are often very busy by day, too. Light at night that decreases seed numbers could over time mean fewer new plants. And fewer plants could mean less food and shelter for daytime insects. Therefore, a lot of pollinators working day and night shifts could be affected, which is what Knop worries about.
The new study is the first to show how artificial light affects plants’ ability to produce seeds. The test is also unusual because it considers all kinds of insect pollinators instead of focusing only on night-flying insects. The researchers paid special attention to the cabbage thistle, but they also mapped which kinds of insects visited other plants by day or night.
1．Why were street lights put up in the meadows?
A．To copy light pollution.
B．To promote urbanization.
C．To accelerate plant growth.
D．To attract insect pollinators.
2．What can be inferred about cabbage thistles?
A．They attract only night visitors.
B．They grow slowly during the night.
C．They are the most common Swiss flowers.
D．They rely on insects to help produce seeds.
3．Light pollution affects pollinators’ ________.
A．sight
B．numbers
C．growth
D．food and shelter
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Plants attract more insects due to light pollution.
B．Night-flying insects matter more than daytime ones.
C．Light pollution may affect plants’ seed numbers.
D．Researchers found ways to protect the environment.

【答案】1．A    2．D    3．D    4．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现，夜间过多的光照会减少植物生产的种子数量。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers put up street lights in Swiss meadows, far from any real street. The setup mimicked urban light pollution.”（研究人员在远离真正街道的瑞士草地上架起了路灯。这个装置模仿了城市的光污染。）可知，路灯竖立在草地上是为了模拟城市的光污染。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Fewer insect visitors at night could mean less pollen  pollinated from plant to plant (the first step in producing seeds). “For the thistles, daytime pollinator visits didn’t make up for this loss at night,” says Eva Knop, an ecologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland.”（夜间昆虫访客的减少可能意味着植物间授粉的花粉减少(产生种子的第一步)。瑞士伯尔尼大学的生态学家伊娃·诺普说：“对于蓟来说，白天授粉者的来访并不能弥补夜间的损失。”）可知，昆虫更少可能意味着植物之间的授粉减少(授粉是结籽的第一步)，对于这种蓟来说，白天授粉者的造访并不能弥补晚上的损失，由此推断，这种植物依靠昆虫来帮助结籽。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Light at night that decreases seed numbers could over time mean fewer new plants. And fewer plants could mean less food and shelter for daytime insects. Therefore, a lot of pollinators working day and night shifts could be affected, which is what Knop worries about.随着时间的推移，夜晚的光线会减少种子数量，这意味着新植物的数量会减少。植物的减少意味着白天昆虫的食物和庇护所的减少。因此，许多白班和夜班的传粉者可能会受到影响，这是Knop担心的事情。）可知，光污染影响传粉者的食物和栖身之地。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。阅读全文尤其是第一段中的“A new study finds too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant produces”（一项新的研究发现，夜间过多的光照会减少植物产生的种子数量。）可知，文章介绍了一项新研究。该研究发现夜间过多的光照会减少植物生产的种子数量。C选项“光污染可以影响植物的种子数量”最符合文章主旨。故选C项。
D
Officials in New York City are using technology to cut down on noise on city streets. Cameras equipped with radar (雷达) sound collectors identify loud vehicles in an effort to catch drivers violating (违反) noise rules. New York officials say at least 71 people have received fines for operating cars or trucks that make too much noise. The city’s Department of Environmental Protection now has plans to expand the use of technology to enforce (强制执行) noise rules.
City Council member Erik Bottcher told the Associated Press (AP) vehicles with illegally changed parts can produce extremely loud sounds. He said they have been a growing problem in recent years. Bottcher supports the use of radar to reduce noise in the city.
New York City already has some of the strongest rules in the country aimed at limiting noise on city streets. It has set permissible noise levels for building tools and vehicles. The new devices record the vehicle numbers of offenders, who then receive a violation notice in the mail. Owners face fines of $ 800 for their first noise offense. Some could be required to pay up to $2,625 if they have three violations and ignore court hearings.
The AP says there is evidence to support the idea that noise affects not only hearing but also mood and mental health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) even says there are possible links between noise and higher risks for heart disease and raised blood pressure.
However, some people in the city say the government efforts to quiet loud vehicles have gone too far. One person opposed to the policy is Phillip Franklin, a 30-year-old car lover from the Bronx area of New York. He launched an online effort to protest noise rules. “The majority of us live here in New York City, where noise is a part of our daily lives,” said a document explaining his effort. Franklin noted that quiet vehicles can also present dangers to inattentive individuals walking around New York City.
5．What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A．Technology is key in noise reduction.
B．Cases of violating noise rules are reduced.
C．More people will be punished for loud vehicles.
D．The efforts to identify loud vehicles seemed in vain.
6．What is a concern according to Bottcher?
A．The wide use of radar. B．Increasing loud vehicles.
C．The setting of noise levels. D．Illegally changed vehicles.
7．What is the purpose of Paragraph 4?
A．To summarize the previous paragraphs.
B．To provide some proof for the policy.
C．To add some background information.
D．To introduce a new topic for discussion.
8．What conclusion can we draw from the text?
A．New Yorkers are all used to loud noise.
B．Not all people approve of the noise rules.
C．Noise has nothing to do with high blood pressure.
D．Quiet vehicles will cause safety problems.

【答案】5．C    6．D    7．B    8．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纽约市出台的新政：利用雷达技术探测噪音大的车辆并进行罚款，以此来控制城市车辆噪音。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The city’s Department of Environmental Protection now has plans to expand the use of technology to enforce (强制执行) noise rules. (该市环境保护部现在计划扩大技术的使用，以执行噪音规定)”可推知，扩大使用雷达探测范围意味着的更多的人将因车辆噪音大而受到惩罚。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“City Council member Erik Bottcher told the Associated Press (AP) vehicles with illegally changed parts can produce extremely loud sounds. He said they have been a growing problem in recent years. (市议会成员埃里克·博特彻告诉美联社，非法更换零部件的车辆会发出非常大的声音。他说，近年来，这是一个日益严重的问题)”可知，Bottcher担忧的是车辆的非法改装。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“The AP says there is evidence to support the idea that noise affects not only hearing but also mood and mental health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) even says there are possible links between noise and higher risks for heart disease and raised blood pressure.(美联社表示，有证据表明噪音不仅会影响听力，还会影响情绪和心理健康。美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDCP)甚至表示，噪音与心脏病和血压升高的高风险之间可能存在联系)”可推知，本段旨在提供政府控制车辆噪音的医学依据。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据第五段中“However, some people in the city say the government efforts to quiet loud vehicles have gone too far.(然而，该市一些人表示，让噪音车辆安静下来的努力太过了)”可知，有人认为政府举动过头，这说明并不是所有人都赞成这项噪音新政。故选B项。
II.完形填空
Within two years of first showing signs of memory loss, Peter Marshall had to give up work as early onset Alzheimer’s began to take hold.
His wife Lisa started a blog called “Oh Hello Alzheimer’s” to help her cope with the progressive ____9____ of her husband's fading memory. I get ____10____ every day from people saying, ‘Thank you —now I don’t feel so alone’,” she said.
As the disease ____11____ , Peter’s memory ____12____ faded and he began to refer to Lisa as his "favourite person”. Then, one day last year, they were watching a wedding ____13____ on television when Peter suddenly looked at his wife and said, “Let’s do it!” “Well, OK, we should get married then,” she told him.
The next day, ____14____ , Peter appeared to have forgotten all about it. Still, with the 20th____15____ of their wedding approaching this year, the idea seemed to make sense to Lisa in the face of her husband’s rapid ____16____ . Sarah, Lisa’s daughter from a marriage before she met Peter, helped organize the event.  “I knew that my stepdad, who I am very close with, was there through some of the ____17____ times of my life.”
When Lisa joined her husband to ____18____ vows for the second time, his delight was clear for all to see. “It was just magical — straight out of a ____19____ .” she said.
The music ____20____ the theme of the day: a saxophonist played Unforgettable as Lisa walked down the aisle.
“There wasn’t a dry eye, and I was ____21____ .” Lisa said. “I hadn’t seen Peter that happy in a long time.” As they danced while guests ____22____ . Lisa said her husband ____23____ a few words in her ear. “Thank you for staying,” he said.
9．A．dilemma B．problem C．challenge D．trouble
10．A．messages B．letters C．mails D．comments
11．A．appeared B．worsened C．emerged D．strengthened
12．A．formally B．eventually C．desperately D．instantly
13．A．scene B．event C．situation D．spot
14．A．but B．instead C．however D．therefore
15．A．year B．ceremony C．celebration D．anniversary
16．A．decline B．reduction C．drop D．disappearance
17．A．happiest B．saddest C．toughest D．brightest
18．A．speak B．exchange C．swear D．express
19．A．fairytale B．story C．drama D．show
20．A．played B．reflected C．equaled D．matched
21．A．in the sky B．over the moon C．over the sky D．in the air
22．A．looked at B．moved around C．looked on D．cheered up
23．A．told B．uttered C．conveyed D．whispered

【答案】
9．C    10．A    11．B    12．C    13．A    14．C    15．D    16．A    17．C    18．B    19．A    20．D    21．B    22．C    23．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。丈夫Peter因阿尔茨海默症逐渐失去记忆，妻子在博客上记录他们的生活。在重现他们的婚礼场景中，妻子Lisa感到，虽然丈夫逐渐失去记忆，但是他们之间的爱一直存在。
【详解】1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子丽莎开设了一个名为“哦，你好，阿尔茨海默氏症”的博客，以帮助她应对丈夫逐渐衰退的记忆带来的挑战。A. dilemma 两难；B.problem问题； C.challenge挑战； D.trouble麻烦。 根据“husbands fading memory.” 可知，Lisa开了博客，帮助自己应对丈夫记忆消退所产生的挑战。故选C。
2.  考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我每天都收到人们的留言说，‘谢谢你，现在我不觉得那么孤单了’。”。A. messages信息；B. letters 信件C.mails 邮件；D.comments 评论。  根据“saying, ‘Thank you —now I don’t feel so alone’,”可知，丽莎每天都会收到很多的消息。故选A。
3.  考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着病情的恶化，彼得的记忆力严重衰退，他开始称丽莎是他“最喜欢的人”。A.  appeared出现； B.worsened 恶化；C.emerged 浮现；D.strengthened加强。 根据“he began to refer to Lisa as his ‘favourite person’. ” 可知， 彼得病情恶化。故选B。
4. 考查副词词义辨析句意：随着病情的恶化，彼得的记忆力严重衰退，他开始称丽莎是他“最喜欢的人”A. formally正式地； B.eventually 最后；C.desperately 绝望地、严重地；D.instantly 马上。 根据“he began to refer to Lisa as his ‘favourite person’. ” 可知，彼得的记忆力严重衰退。故选C。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，去年的一天，他们正在看电视上的婚礼场景，A. scene场景； B.event事件； C.situation 情况；D.spot 地点。根据“‘Well, OK, we should get married then,’ she told him.” 可知，他们在电视上看到一个婚礼场景。故选A。
6.  考查连词/副词词义辨析。句意：然而，第二天，彼得似乎把这事全忘了。A.but但是； B. instead代替；C.however然而；D.therefore因此。根据“Peter appeared to have forgotten all about it. ” 可知，前后表示转折，空后有逗号，用连接副词however。故选C。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，今年是他们结婚20周年纪念，面对丈夫记忆的迅速衰退，丽莎似乎觉得这个想法是合理的。A. year年； B.ceremony仪式； C.celebration 庆祝；D.anniversary周年纪念。 根据“ of their wedding ” 可知，他们20周年结婚纪念来临。故选D。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，今年是他们结婚20周年纪念，面对丈夫记忆的迅速衰退，丽莎似乎觉得这个想法是合理的。A. decline下降； B.reduction减少；C.drop 掉下；D.disappearance消失。 根据“Peter’s memory 　　　4　　　faded and he began to refer to Lisa as his ‘favourite person’.” 可知，她丈夫的记忆快速下降。故选A。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我知道我的继父，我和他很亲近，在我生命中最艰难的时刻陪伴着我。”。A. happiest 最快乐的；B.saddest 最伤心的；C.toughest 最艰难的；D.brightest 最明亮的。 根据“who I am very close with, was there through” 可知，继父在丽莎女儿生命的最困难时期陪伴着她。故选C。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当丽莎第二次和丈夫交换誓言时，他的喜悦显而易见。A.speak说话； B.exchange 交换；C.swear 发誓；D.express 表达根据“‘Well, OK, we should get married then,' she told him.” 可知，丽莎和丈夫在婚礼上交换誓言。故选B。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说:“这简直太神奇了，就像童话故事一样。”A. fairytale童话； B.story故事； C.drama 戏剧；D.show 展览。 根据“It was just magical” 可知，这一幕好像来自从童话故事，让人觉得不可思议。故选A。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：音乐与这一天的主题相吻合:当丽莎走过红毯时，一位萨克斯手演奏了一首难忘的乐曲。A. played 演奏；B.reflected反映；C.equaled等于； D.matched 匹配。 根据“ a saxophonist played Unforgettable ” 可知，婚礼上所放的音乐和当天的主题相配。故选D。
13. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：丽莎说:“我的眼泪都干了，我欣喜若狂。”A. in the sky 在空中；B.over the moon 欣喜若狂；C.over the sky 天上；D.in the air悬而未决。 根据“ Lisa said. ‘I hadn’t seen Peter that happy in a long time.’” 可知，丽莎欣喜若狂。故选B。
14. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们在客人的注视下跳舞。A. looked at看着； B.moved around四处走动； C.looked on 旁观；D.cheered up加油。 根据“As they danced ” 可知，婚礼上他们跳舞而来宾在一旁观看。故选C。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：丽莎说她丈夫在她耳边悄悄说了几句话。“谢谢你留下来，”他说。A.told 告诉；B.uttered 说出；C.conveyed 表达；D.whispered低语。根据“ in her ear.” 可知，丈夫在她耳边温柔低语。故选D。