【期中精准练】专题02：语篇词汇填空题(5套)+-词汇单句填空题(8套)(上海专用).docx

2022-2023学年高一下期中必考题型精准练

专题02： 语篇词汇填空题（5套）+ 词汇单句填空题（8套）汇

一、 词汇填空题

第一套
（2022春·上海·高一上海市大同中学校考期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．chop     B．favored   C．physical   D．distract   E. instruction   F. discipline
G. regular   H. evolve    I. covered    J. engage    K. comprehension
Today’s students have a problem. They were born into a world where smartphones, social media, and immediate access to the internet are hurting their ability to focus.Now teachers have a problem too. They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking ___1___ breaks. Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation, but how education should ___2___ for digital-native students was not something that was ___3___ when they were getting certified.
A common idea among teachers is that short is good. When students can’t seem to pay attention to long lectures, many teachers simply ___4___ lessons into smaller chunks. In fact, students need time to ___5___ with a topic once the teacher introduces it before moving on. Switching between small lessons too quickly could rob them of valuable ___6___.
A study from educational publisher Pearson found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from ___7___ books. Therefore, some tech-forward teachers choose to “meet kids where they are” on platforms such as YouTube and Instagram.
Still, while those educators are embracing technology in the classroom to meet students’ needs, they are also finding value in traditional methods, and so suggest a mixed learning approach. Direct ___8___ from them will never be replaced in their classes. Technology will be ___9___ only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Teachers are making an effort not only to ensure that students take advantage of new technologies, but to teach students valuable skills that can help them succeed in a world constantly trying to ___10___ them.

【答案】
1．G    2．H    3．I    4．A    5．J    6．K    7．C    8．E    9．B    10．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今为了适应年轻一代被智能手机分心的影响，老师们也在学着改进自己的教学方式。文章列举了教师们所采取的一些方法和作者对此的看法。
1．考查形容词。句意：他们发现，要求学生阅读复杂或长文本而没有定期休息尤其令人疲惫。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修饰空后的breaks，此处表达“定期的休息”之意，regular“定期的”符合题意。故选G项。
2．考查动词。句意：智能手机显然已经影响了年轻一代，但数字原生学生的教育应该如何发展，并不是他们获得认证时所涉及的内容。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词作谓语，位于情态动词should后面，用动词原形，此处表达“如何发展”之意，evolve“发展”符合题意。故选H项。
3．考查动词。句意：智能手机显然已经影响了年轻一代，但数字原生学生的教育应该如何发展，并不是他们获得认证时所包括的内容。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词作谓语，表达“被包括”之意，空前已有be动词was，所以covered“包括”符合题意，与be动词构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选I项。
4．考查动词。当学生们似乎无法集中注意力听长课时，许多老师就简单地把课程分成小块。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词做谓语，表达“简单地把课程分成小块”之意，chop sth. into 为固定搭配意为“把某物切成……”符合题意。故选A项。
5．考查动词。事实上，一旦老师介绍了一个话题，学生在继续学习之前需要时间来参与。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，所以空处应填动词原形，此处表达“需要时间来参与”之意，engage“使参加”符合题意。故选J项。
6．考查名词。句意：在小课之间切换太快会使他们失去有价值的理解能力。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，此处表达“有价值的理解能力”之意，comprehension“理解力”符合题意。故选K项。
7．考查形容词。句意：Pearson教育出版社的一项研究发现，10至24岁的学生往往远离实体书。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，此处表达“实体书”之意，physical“物质的”符合文意。故选C项。
8．考查名词。句意：他们的直接指导在课堂上永远不会被取代。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，此处表达“直接指导”之意，instruction“教授”符合文意。故选E项。
9．考查动词。句意：只有当技术以离线无法实现的方式改进课程时，它才会受到青睐。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词做谓语，表达“被喜爱”之意，空前已有be动词，所以favored“喜爱”符合文意，此处will be和favored构成一般将来时的被动语态。故选B项。
10．考查动词。句意：教师们不仅在努力确保学生能利用新技术，而且还在努力教学生有价值的技能，这些技能可以帮助他们在一个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中取得成功。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，所以空处应填动词原形，此处表达“试图分散他们注意力”之意，distract“使分心”符合题意。故选D项。

第二套

（2022秋·上海·高一华东师范大学第一附属中学校考期中）
A．wound   B．fundamentally  C．argues   D．virtue   E. mirrors  F. universally
G. judged    H. simply     I. adopted    J. fascination    K. similarly
Jenny Carter an NHS coordinator is an “extreme night owl,” one of an estimated 8.2% of the population whose natural inclination(倾向)is to fall asleep well after midnight. Left to her own devices, she’d prefer to go to bed around 3 a.m. and wake up about noon. Why do night owls exist? There is no single ___11___ accepted theory, but evolutionary biologists think that communities with more variation in chronotypes(睡眠类型)may have been more likely to survive.
Another theory is that variation is ___12___ how genetics works. Right from birth, our personal biological clocks are already ___13___. Genetics establishes a person’s chronotype. Colin Espie, professor of sleep medicine at the University of Oxford, says this ___14___ differences in hair eye and skin color or height.
Natural night owls are ___15___ different from insomniacs or people who stay up until the early hours because of family or work circumstances. Being a night owl isn’t a problem.
But this isn’t always well understood. Jessica Batchelor is a medical writer who feels most productive at 11 p.m. “I can’t tell anyone when I went to sleep, woke up, showered or ate a meal without being ___16___,” she says “I struggle with feelings of guilt and shame.”
This mentality is rooted in our agrarian(耕地的)past when farm work had to begin at dawn.
Our culture mistakenly associates sleeping little and rising early with ___17___. It is often extolled(颂扬)as a habit of successful people: for instance in the ___18___ with Margaret Thatcher’s four-hour rest, or articles about “sleepless-elite” CEOs who start their days with a 4 a.m. jog.
Actually, there is nothing wrong with staying up late as long as you’re getting a good amount of sleep every night; ___19 early risers have no special biological advantage. What research has not disproved, however, is that morning people tend to get more done.
The productivity expert Laura Vanderkam ____20____ that people should consider switching their schedule not because it’s necessarily better but because it’s practical.
Waking up earlier to work out, make headway on a creative project or enjoy a stress-free cup of coffee can help make it easier to accomplish more without sacrificing time for yourself.

【答案】
11．F    12．H    13．A    14．E    15．B    16．G    17．D    18．J    19．K    20．C

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了夜猫子的存在，它存在的原因以及它存在的合理性。
11．考查副词。句意：为什么会有夜猫子的存在呢？目前还没有一个被普遍接受的理论能解释；但是，进化生物学家们认为，那些睡眠类型更多样的群体或许会更有可能存活下来。此处accepted为形容词，故应用副词修饰，且此处意为“普遍接受的”，表达为universally accepted，故universally符合句意，故选F项。
12．考查副词。句意：另一种理论认为，人们拥有不同的睡眠类型，仅仅是因为遗传学的原理是这样的。此处作状语，修饰“how genetics works”，应用副词，且此处意为“仅仅是…”，故simply符合句意，故选H项。
13．考查被动。句意：从我们出生开始，我们的生物钟就已经被上好了发条。此句中主语为clocks，此处指“钟被上发条”，故应用wind“给……上发条”的被动语态wound，故此处wound“被上发条”符合句意，故选A项。
14．考查谓语动词。句意：牛津大学睡眠医学专业的教授Colin Espie说道，这就和人们在发色、眼睛颜色、肤色和身高上存在差异是一样的。根据句子分析可知，this为主语，为单数，此处作谓语动词，意为“与……一样”，故应用mirror一词，且此处陈述事实，应用一般现在时，故mirrors符合句意，故选E项。
15．考查副词。句意：天生的夜猫子与那些失眠症患者或那些因家庭、工作而熬夜到凌晨的人有着本质上的区别。根据句意可知，此处意为“从根本上，从本质上”，故应用副词fundamentally修饰形容词different，故fundamentally符合句意，故选B。
16．考查动名词的被动形式。句意：她说道：“我都不敢跟别人说自己是几点睡的，几点起的，几点洗的澡或者几点吃的饭，就怕遭人评头论足，我在内疚和羞愧感中苦苦挣扎着。” 此处意为“被评头论足”，表达为be judged，且without为介词，后跟doing作宾语，故空前为being，故judged符合句意，故选G。
17．考查名词。句意：我们的文化也错误地将“睡得少、起得早”与美德混为一谈。根据句意可知，此处意为“美德”，故应用名词virtue作宾语，故virtue符合句意，故选D。
18．考查名词。句意：这种作息时间被称颂为成功人士的生活习惯：比如，人们痴迷于玛格丽特·撒切尔一天只睡四小时的习惯，就爱看那些讲不睡觉的精英总裁凌晨四点爬起来慢跑的文章。根据空前的the可知，此空应填名词，且意为“痴迷于……”，故表达为in the fascination with…，故fascination符合句意，故选J。
19．考查副词。句意：事实上，只要你每天有充足的睡眠，熬夜也没错。同样地，早起者没有什么特别的生理优势。根据句子分析可知，此处应用副词做状语，且意为“同样地，类似地”表达为similarly，故similarly符合句意，故选K。
20．考查谓语动词。句意：生产力专家Laura Vanderkam认为，人们应该考虑改变自己的日程安排，不是因为它一定会更好，而是因为它实用。此句中，The productivity expert Laura Vanderkam为主语，为单数，此处作谓语动词，意为“认为……”，故应用argue作谓语动词，且此处陈述事实，故应用一般现在时，故argues符合句意，故选C。

第三套

（2022秋·上海·高一复旦附中校考期中）
A．bodies B．containers C．cut D．decomposed E. densely F. engaged
G. prevention H. property I. remove J. scarcely K. unwanted
Get rid of mosquitoes, but how?Almost everyone who spends time outdoors has experienced mosquitoes. These bloodsucking insects give itchy bites and can spread disease. But how can you avoid them and protect yourself?

Jessica Damiano is a gardening expert. In a recent story, Damiano said the best control is ___21___. And she gave suggestions on how to ___22___ mosquito populations.
It may seem difficult to avoid mosquitoes, as most of the areas in the world are ___23___ populated with them. People who live near ___24___ of water, such as lakeside, may experience more mosquitoes. But there are several measures you can take to reduce their numbers.
Mosquitoes need less than a centimeter of water to lay eggs. A female can lay hundreds of eggs at a time. So, check your ___25___ to see if there is anywhere that collects water. Water can easily collect in small ___26___ —a child’s toy, a trash can lid, or a cooking pot.
Even if the amount of standing water seems small, ___27___ it. Make holes in the bottoms of containers that can hold ___28___ water. Other standing water such as in ponds and bird baths can be ___29___ with chemicals.
There are other things you can do to protect yourself. Put screens in your doors and windows or keep them closed. And cut down on time spent outdoors between the early evening and the early morning. Mosquitoes are most ___30___ during that time.

【答案】
21．G    22．C    23．E    24．A    25．H    26．B    27．I    28．K    29．D    30．F

【导语】本文是一片说明文。文章主要讲述了“减少蚊子”的方法。
21．考查名词。句意：在最近的一篇报道中，达米亚诺表示，最好的控制是预防。分析句子可知，is之后缺少表语，可以用名词作为表语。prevention意为“预防”，符合句意，故选G项。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：她还就如何减少蚊子数量提出了建议。分析句子可知，不定式to之后应该加动词原形，且根据标题“Get rid of mosquitoes”可知，此处应该是“减少蚊子”，cut意为“切；削减”符合句意，故选C项。
23．考查副词。句意：似乎很难避免蚊子，因为世界上大多数地区都是蚊子密集居住的地区。根据句子结构可知，此处应填入副词修饰 populated。根据下文“may experience more mosquitoes”可知，蚊子是密集的。densely意为“密集地”符合句意，故选E项。
24．考查名词。句意：住在水体附近的人，如湖边，可能会遇到更多的蚊子。分析句子结构可知，of之前应填入名词，___4___ of water整体作为near 的宾语。 bodies意为“躯干；主体部分”符合句意，故选A项。
25．考查名词。句意：所以，检查你的财产，看看是否有收集水的地方。your之后应该加名词，根据下文“a child’s toy, a trash can lid, or a cooking pot”和“ponds and bird baths”等可知，是“财产”。property意为“财产”，故选H项。
26．考查名词。句意：水可以很容易地收集在小容器中-儿童玩具、垃圾桶盖或烹饪锅。根据下文“a child’s toy, a trash can lid, or a cooking pot”可知，是“容器”。 containers意为“容器”，故选B项。
27．考查动词。句意：即使积水量很小，也要将其清除。分析句子结构可知，it在句中作为宾语，前面可以填入动词。根据“Mosquitoes need less than a centimeter of water to lay eggs.”可知，就算水很少，也要清理干净。故选I项。
28．考查形容词。句意：在容器底部开孔，以容纳多余的水。分析句子结构可知，此处可以填入名词，作为定语修饰名词water。 unwanted意为“不需要的”符合句意，故选K项。
29．考查语态。句意：其他的死水，如池塘和鸟浴池，可以用化学物质分解。can be done是情态动词的被动语态。根据“with chemicals”可以推测是用化学物质分解。decomposed意为“分解”符合句意，故选D项。
30．考查形容词。句意：蚊子在那段时间最忙碌。分析句子结构可知，be之后缺少形容词作为表语， engaged意为“忙碌的”符合句意，故选F项。

第四套

（2022秋·上海·高一华师大二附中校考期中）
A．bend   B．fascinated  C．implication   D．invites   E. resembles
F. habitable  G. outpacing  H. determine    I. exploration   J. alternative   K. colonized

Good evening, ladies and gentlemen:We’re at a tipping point in human history, between gaining the stars and losing the planet we call home. At the same time as we’re discovering this treasure of potentially ____31____ worlds, our own planet is sinking. 2014 was the hottest year on record. Glaciers and sea ice are now disappearing in a matter of decades. These planetary-scale environmental changes are rapidly ____32____ our ability to alter their course.
I’m not a climate scientist, I’m an astronomer. You could say that I look for ____33____ alien real estate. Now, as somebody who is deeply ____34____ in the search for life in the universe, I can tell you that the more you look for planets like Earth, the more you appreciate our own planet itself. Each one of these new worlds ____35____ a comparison between the newly discovered planet and the planets we know best: those of our own Solar System.
Consider our neighbor, Mars. Though the Martian view ____36____ the deserts of our own home world, Mars is a pretty terrible place to live considering the extent to which we have not ____37____ the deserts of our own planet. Even in the driest, highest places on Earth, the air is sweet and thick with oxygen exhaled (呼气) from thousands of miles away by our rainforests.
I worry that Mars and other planets carries with it a long, dark shadow: the ____38____ by some that Mars will be there to save us from the destruction of the only truly livable planet we know of, the Earth. As much as I love interplanetary ____39____ , I deeply disagree with this idea. There are many excellent reasons to go to Mars, but for anyone to tell you that Mars will be there to back up humanity is like the captain of the Titanic telling you that the real party is happening later on the lifeboats.
If we truly believe in our ability to ____40 the hostile environments of Mars for human habitation, then we should be able to surmount the far easier task of preserving the habitability of the Earth.

【答案】
31．F    32．G    33．J    34．B    35．D    36．E    37．K    38．C    39．I    40．A
【导语】本文是一篇演讲稿，主要讲的是我们对于宜居星球的探索。
31．考查形容词。句意：在我们发现潜在宜居星球宝藏的同时，我们的星球正在下沉。根据最后一段的“If we truly believe in our ability to __10___the hostile environments of Mars for human habitation”可知，此处表示“在我们发现潜在宜居星球宝藏的同时”，空格处意为“宜居的”，用形容词作定语，是habitable，故选F。
32．考查时态。句意：这些行星级别的环境变化正迅速超过我们改变其进程的能力。由前面的“Glaciers and sea ice are now disappearing in a matter of decades”可知，这些行星级别的环境变化正迅速超过我们改变其进程的能力，空格处意为“超过”，是outpace，由are可知，时态用现在进行时，空格处用现在分词。故选G。
33．考查形容词。句意：你可以说我在寻找另一种外星地产。由后面的“alien real estate”可知，此处表示“你可以说我在寻找另一种外星地产”，空格处意为“可替代的”，用形容词alternative作定语，修饰alien real estate。故选J。
34．考查形容词。句意：现在，作为一个深深着迷于寻找宇宙生命的人，我可以告诉你，你越是寻找像地球这样的行星，你就越珍惜我们自己的星球。由后面的“I love interplanetary___9__”可知，此处表示“作为一个深深着迷于寻找宇宙生命的人”，空格处意为“对……着迷”，用形容词作表语，是fascinated。故选B。
35．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每一个新发现的行星都让我们将这颗新发现的行星与我们最熟悉的太阳系行星进行比较。由前面“Each one of these new worlds”可知，每一个新发现的行星都让我们将这颗新发现的行星与我们最熟悉的太阳系行星进行比较，空格处意为“引起，招致”，是invite，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Each one是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数。故选D。
36．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然火星上的景象和我们地球上的沙漠很像，但考虑到我们还没有在自己星球的沙漠上殖民，火星是一个相当可怕的地方。由前面的“the Martian view”和后面的“the deserts of our own home world”可知，此处表示“虽然火星上的景象和我们地球上的沙漠很像”，空格处意为“和……相像”，是resemble，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语view是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数。故选E。
37．考查时态。句意：虽然火星上的景象和我们地球上的沙漠很像，但考虑到我们还没有在自己星球的沙漠上殖民，火星是一个相当可怕的地方。由后面的“the deserts of our own planet”可知，此处表示“考虑到我们还没有在自己星球的沙漠上殖民”，空格处意为“殖民”，是colonize，由have not可知，时态用现在完成时，空格处用过去分词。故选K。
38．考查名词。句意：我担心火星和其他行星会带来长长的黑影：有些人认为火星会在那里拯救我们，使我们免遭地球这个我们所知唯一真正宜居的星球的毁灭。由后面的“by some that Mars will be there to save us from the destruction of the only truly livable planet we know of, the Earth”可知，此处表示“有些人认为火星会在那里拯救我们，使我们免遭地球这个我们所知唯一真正宜居的星球的毁灭”，空格处意为“暗示”，the后跟名词，是implication，是不可数名词。故选C。
39．考查名词。句意：尽管我很喜欢星际探索，但我非常不同意这个想法。由前面的“as somebody who is deeply__4___ in the search for life in the universe, I”可知，作者喜欢星际探索，空格处意为“探索”，用名词作宾语，是exploration，是不可数名词。故选I。
40．考查动词。句意：如果我们真的相信我们有能力改变火星恶劣的环境以供人类居住，那么我们就应该能够完成保护地球宜居性这一简单得多的任务。由后面的“the hostile environments of Mars for human habitation”可知，此处表示“如果我们真的相信我们有能力改变火星恶劣的环境以供人类居住”，空格处意为“改变”，是bend，ability后用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处用原形。故选A。

第五套

A. balanced B. beneficial C. combined D. concerns E. contacted F. normal
G. nutrients H. recommended I. shorter J. professional K. challenging
Try a raw food diet?
When 17-year-old Ali told his friends, he was giving up eating cooked food, they were shocked. Ali, a keen Kung Fu fighter, who is hoping to turn ____11____, is convinced that following a raw food diet, based on vegetables and fruit, is