专题11名词性从句(通用)(原卷版).docx

专题11 名词性从句
《考点•题型 •技巧》

考向分析

名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。

复习建议

1. 掌握宾语从句的用法；
2. 了解同位语从句的用法；
3. 掌握表语从句的用法；
4. 掌握主语从句的用法；
5. 如何正确选择引导词。

考点导航

考点01 名词性从句连接词的用法
名词性从句的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，
连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，
连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
1.that的用法。
(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：
①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；
②有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；
③介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；
④当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。
(3)that和what的区别。
that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的＂先行词＋关系代词＂，即常说的＂先行词＋that＂。
(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子
是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
2.whether和if的用法。
It all depends on whether they will come back.
(2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。
(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。
(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。
(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。
(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。
(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示＂不管＂、＂无论＂，而if不能。
3.疑问词＋ever和no matter＋疑问词的区别。
(1)疑问词＋ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
(2)疑问词＋ever还可引导让步状语从句。
(3)no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。
5.名词性从句中that不宜省略的几种情况
宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略，但在以下情况时，that不宜省略。
（1）当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略。如：
（2）当that前面有插入语时，that不宜省略。如：
（3）省略答语中，that宾语从句单独出现时，that不可省略。如：
（4）当主句的状语部分位于that 宾语从句之前时，that不宜省略。如：
(如省略that，at once也可能修饰从句，是表示＂立刻意识到……＂，还是表示＂立刻去处理……＂，较为含糊)
（5） 当that 宾语从句中的状语部分位于从句的前部时，that不宜省略。如：
（6）当that 宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that一般不宜省略。如：
（7）当为了强调而把that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。如：
（8）当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时，其宾语that从句中的 that 不宜省略。如：
（9）当that 宾语从句前有 it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略。如：
（10）当引导同位语从句时，that一般不可省略，尤其当that与先行词处于分割情况时。如：

（11）当that 宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或是主语从句时，that不可省略。如：
考点02 主语从句
1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示＂……的东西＂时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。
注意：(1)在＂It is necessary/important/strange/natural...＋that从句＂结构中，从句谓语常用＂(should＋)动词原形＂形式。

【拓展延伸】主语从句的引导词
引导词
作用
引导词
作用
that
无词义，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略
how
多么，怎样，作方式状语或程度状语
who
谁，作主语、宾语
when
何时，作时间状语
whom
谁，作宾语
where
在哪儿，作地点状语
what
什么，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语
why
为什么，作原因状语
which
哪一个，哪些，作主语、宾语、定语
whether
是否
【特别注意】当作主语的句子太长时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置后。if＂是否＂，不可直接引导主语从句(用it作形式主语时可以) 。
3. 主语从句的特殊用法
（1）主语从句与定语从句的转换
（2）几个特殊句型之间的转换
考点03宾语从句
【难点梳理】
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：
连接词：that，whether，if等
连接代词：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等
连接副词：when，where，why，how等
1. 连接词that，whether，if引导
注意：
whether/if都意为＂是否＂。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。
（1）与or not紧接连用时。
（2）作介词的宾语从句时。
2. 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导
3. 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导
4. 宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。
5. 宾语从句的时态
（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。
（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。
注意：在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：
①动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。
②hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示＂喜欢；痛恨；认为＂的动词或动词短语和see to表示＂注意，留意＂后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。
③介词后的宾语从句。
④宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
【巧学妙记】
宾语从句的用法速记口诀
宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；
特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；
主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
考点04表语从句
引导表语从句的连接词主要有：
连接词：that，whether
连接代词：who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever whomever，whichever，whatever
连接副词：when，where，how，why
1. 连接词引导
2. 连接代词和连接副词引导
注意：
（1）as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。
（2）当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why... is that...
考点05同位语从句
1. 同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词idea, fact, news, hope, thought, suggestion等抽象名词之后；
2. 连接词that不能省略，无意义无成分；
3. 用whether而不用if引导同位语从句；
4. 连接代词who(m), which, what，whose在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；
5. 连接副词where, when, why, how在从句作状语。
6.分割式同位语从句：同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长）。
7.若被同位语从句说明的名词是：advice, suggestion, proposal(建议), demand, request, requirement, order(命令)等表示建议、命令、要求的词时，同位语从句的谓语用"(should)+do"。
8.区别由that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句：
①定语从句中的that是代词，可在从句中作主、宾、表；同位语从句中的that是连词，无成分无意义；
②定语从句——说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系；
同位语从句——对名词即先行词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现。
③在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。
【题型分析】

1.The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever
C. whoever D. whatever
2. Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever
C. whomever D. whichever
3.It is often the case ____________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what C. as D. that
4. She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
A. when B. where
C. whether D. what
5. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
6. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
7. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how    B. that
B. C. which D. whether
8.News came from the school office ______ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.
A. which           B. that  
C. what             D. where

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Over the years, I've been guilty of hurriedly shutting the front door to many strangers when they came to my home knocking with the intention of selling things. I hated it when they tried their best to persuade me to buy the things they promoted. But earlier this year, around Easter time, a dear friend of mine, Linda, had an experience that changed my mind and attitude towards these "intruders".
Last winter, Linda went through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. So she quit her job and left Los Angeles, where she encountered her ex-husband in college. She flew to Boston on the east coast of the US. Later, she settled in a new neighborhood in East Boston. However, shortly afterwards, the company where she worked went bankrupt（破产）. Suffering a series of bitter blows. she fell ill, a severe case of flu. She had to stay at home for the whole week, feeling extremely bad and hopeless.
Early one morning, Linda lay in bed, feeling painful all over. Then all of a sudden, there was an upsetting knock on her front door. Struggling out of the bed, she dragged herself to the window. There, outside, she saw a young lady carefully holding some leaflets（传单）and a TV set model. She knew of a large TV set establishment nearby and assumed a message was about to be gently delivered. "This is the last thing I need today." She muttered to herself and hesitantly opened the door.
Coughing bitterly, Linda stuck her head out. "Excuse me, madam…" the young lady said with a smile. "I'm sorry but I am not the slightest bit interested in any TV whatever." Linda interrupted her impatiently. "As a matter of fact, I am feeling terribly awful." "Is there anything I can do for you, madam?" the young lady asked with concern. "No thanks, just leave me alone." Linda then shut the door in her face. The young lady politely turned and left in silence.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1:
A few hours later, another knock.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Linda was surprised by this lovely action.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Li is not without criticism. Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable ______ she looks so perfect after a long day of work in the fields.
2. It has been proved ______ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life.
3.What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
4.I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.
5.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.

检测训练

Ⅰ、单项选择
1.The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
2.Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
3.It is by no means clear __________ the local government will do with the buildings of poor quality.
A. what B. how C. whether D. which
4.— The designers are over the moon. What’s up?
—They’ve reached an agreement on __________ the bonuses are to be divided later.
A. why B. how C. where D. when
5.______ makes our school famous is ______ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.

A．What; that B．Which; because C．That; what D．What; because
6.once-great cities fell into ruins.
A．What B．Why C．Whether D．That
7.People may think that dinosaurs were big, green with hard skin covering their bodies. But in fact, it seems that dinosaurs appeared very different from________ we think
A．which B．that C．who D．what
8.Air pollution is a big problem. I wonder ______ we can do about it.
A．whether B．what C．how D．that
9.________ is known to all is that the outstanding academic atmosphere, as well as various festivals and sports, ________ many students to our school.
A．It： draw B．Which： draw C．What： draws D．As： draws
10.________ students do at the college matters much more than where they travel.
A．Which B．Where C．What D．When
11.Believe it or not, your parents have experienced ________you have experienced as children and teenagers.
A．how B．which C．what D．that
12.More than 100 students have entered for the competition, and________ gains the most points will be the winner.
A．anyone B．the one C．who D．whoever
13.It’s unwise to leave________ can be life’s most important decision—future career—entirely to luck.
A．which B．that C．what D．how
14.Jenny has got________ it takes to be a good actress. In other words, she has the potential to become famous.
A．what B．when C．that D．how
Ⅱ、语法填空
15.Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ______is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
16Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
17.Another benefit of exercise is ______it will improve your body's immune system, making you better prepared to fight off infection
18.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
19.It is possible ______caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
20.Have you ever wondered ______ you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a calculator or computer or even pencil and paper?
21.Spanish sport newspaper Marca noted that Wu has answered those who doubted his move to the club and ______ “ his quick adaptation to La Liga (西甲) has surprised many people”.
22.These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into ______ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.
23.______ I like the most are the traditional wet markets, restaurants offering various dishes and the numerous cultural activities that are available there.
24.It also raises questions about ______ European governments are doing enough to keep up and care for such buildings.
25.The ideal nap depends on______ you want from that nap．
26.The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling ______they helped people in need.
27.Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and hopefully with time，the person won't be able to remember ______ he is supposed to forget.
28.There will be challenges ahead, however, which is ______we are fully preparing for all possibilities.
29.If she had vision for three days, Xiong said, she would like to see with her eyes______ the piano that accompanies her for more than a decade looks like.
30.I first have to remove all the rotten parts, and sometimes, ______ is left isn’t enough for my designs.
31.______we feed our bodies feeds our eyes.
32.The ideal nap depends on ___ you want from that nap.
33.Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are ______you eat!
34.But it's not the fact_______0nly people with bad handwriting are attracted to the medical field.
35.I wanted to see for myself what happened,” said Terry. “I couldn’t imagine______it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the powerful effect the hurricane had on those people.
Ⅲ、完形填空
Yungang Grottoes (石窟) in Datong, Shanxi Province, are a world cultural heritage (遗产) site with a history that 1． (go) back more than 1,500 years. In Yungang’s 45 big grottoes and more than 200 small grottoes, roughly 59,000 figures of the Buddha, 2． (be) a priceless treasure of human culture.
3．because of the effects of climate change and natural disasters, the grottoes face damage year after year. Thanks to 4． (advance) digital technology, researchers are busy “duplicating” (复制) the Yungang Grottoes in an attempt to preserve the precious cultural relics (遗物). Employing 3D laser scanning technology, the researchers5． (digital) record the shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes and later reproduce6．by using 3D printing technology.
The new technology could enable more people7． (access) the cultural relics despite the distance. In June, 2020, the Zhejiang University Cultural Relics Research Institute and Yungang Grottoes Research Institute together “copied and pasted” Cave No. 12 of the Yungang Grottoes for an8． (exhibit) in Hangzhou, in which is the world’s fi