专题07-(解析版)-情态动词和虚拟语气(通用版).docx

专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气
题量要求：（ 35分钟）

（基础题）
一、单项选择
1．I _________  to the party with you tomorrow if I didn’t have to attend the meeting.
A．Went B．had gone C．would go D．would have gone
2．【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A．would B．should
C．could D．might
3．The soldier remembers everything exactly as if it_______ yesterday.
A．was happening B．happens C．has happened D．happened
4．He is always seeking excuses for the debt, but I'd rather he __________ it off as early as possible.
A．would pay B．would have paid C．had paid D．paid
5．If I __ time,I would go to the park with my classmates.
A．have B．will have C．had D．have had
6．If I were given another chance, I ________ much better than I did last night.
A．will perform B．performed C．was performed D．would perform
7．Without gravity（重力), we ________ walk on the ground as freely as we do now.
A．couldn't B．mustn't C．shan't D．needn't
8．If the contest ________ tomorrow, I would probably go to see it.
A．is to take place B．were to take place
C．was taken place D．would take place
9．If there were not so many new words, the text ________ much easier.
A．will be B．would have been C．could have been D．would be
10．Aristotle proposed that teachers lead their students systematically, and that repetition ________as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates' emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas.
A．is used B．would be used C．should use D．be used
11．Some experts demanded that children ________ enough time for sleep and play.
A．give B．should give C．be given D．given
12．What a sunny day! How I wish I __________ on the beach enjoying the sunshine now!
A．were B．had been
C．would be D．should be
13．--- Do you feel like ________ out?
--- No I’d rather we ________ the metro train.
A．to drive; take B．to drive; took C．driving; take D．driving; took
14．—Would you mind being charged for WeChat, Mary?
—Certainly. I ________WeChat if I had to pay now.
A．would drop B．will drop C．will have dropped D．would have dropped
15．Without coconuts, most of the tropical islands in the South Pacific ________ uninhabitable for both animals and people.
A．must have remained B．may have remained
C．need have remained D．would have remained
16．When the earthquake happened, it seemed ________the world were coming to an end.
A．that B．as
C．if D．as if
17．If he _____quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer so much now.
A．lies B．lay C．had lain D．should lie
18．He suggested to Jane that she _____ the problem another way, and her expression suggested that she _____.
A．solve; agreed B．solve; agree
C．solved; should agree D．solved; agreed
19．________ he seen you yesterday, he _____________ your book.
A．Has; will have returned B．Had; will have returned
C．Had; would have returned D．Has; would have returned
20．________ the mistake in the beginning, the problem could have been prevented at its source.
A．Had not the company ignored B．If the company didn't ignore
C．Had the company not ignored D．Would the companynot ignore
21．My advice is _______ he _____ to go abroad for further education.
A．that, chooses B．that, chose C．that, choose D．what, should choose
22．The doctor insisted that I ______ a high fever and that I ______ a rest for a few days.
A．had; had B．have; have C．had; have D．have; had
23．Seeing her peers struggling for success and independence, Zhang yue offered her suggestion that they ________ seek guidance from expert consultants.
A．must B．should C．can D．shall
24．What an accident! If you ________ my advice, things would not be as they are now.
A．have taken B．had taken C．was taking D．took
25．The teacher requests he ________in homework every morning.
A．hand B．to hand C．hands D．handed
26．It is requested that the meeting ______ postponed.
A．be B．can be C．may be D．shall be
27．She required at the meeting that measures ________ to protect the environment which we rely on to live.
A．should take B．must take C．could be taken D．be taken
28．Sue likes going to the shops and always spends money ______ there was no tomorrow.
A．even if B．as if C．as long as D．as soon as
29．She suggested not only _to the English party but also sing a song in English.
A．did I go B．should I go C．I should go D．my going
30．If it ________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A．had not been B．should not be
C．were not D．should not have been
参考答案：
1．C【解析】考查虚拟语气。
本句考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我不必参加会议的话，我明天回和你去参加派对。根据句意可知与将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时，主句可用would do，所以C正确。
2．B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）
3．D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：士兵完全记得一切，似乎它就发生在昨天。 as if意为“仿佛；好像”，其后的从句可出现虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，句中remembers为一般现在时，故as if从句中用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故选D。
4．D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他总是在为债务找借口，但我宁愿他尽早还清。would rather后接宾语从句，谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示过去的愿望用过去完成时，表示现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时。本句表示对将来的愿望，故用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选D项。
5．C【解析】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：如果我有时间，我会和我的同学去公园。分析句子，根据句意以及主句中would go可知，本句为虚拟语气，虚拟现在，主句用过去将来时，条件状语从句中用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式had。故选C。
6．D【解析考查虚拟语气。句意：如果再给我一次机会，我的表现会比昨晚好很多。分析可知，句子为if引导的虚拟条件句，是对现在情况的虚拟，条件句用一般过去时，主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”，所以用would perform。故选D项。
7．A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有重力，我们不可能像现在这样自由地在地上行走。A. couldn't不可能；B. mustn't禁止；C. shan't不应该；D. needn't 没必要。由语意可知，本句为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故句子谓语动词的否定式要用wouldn't / couldn't/ shouldn't/ mightn't+动词原形。故选A项。
8．B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果竞赛明天举行，我可能去看。结合语境和下文的would go可知，此处为if引导的非真实条件句，与将来的事实相反用一般过去时，should+ 动词原形，或者were to+动词原形，take place无被动语态，综上。故选B。
9．D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有这么多新单词的话，这篇文章将会简单得多。分析可知，句子为虚拟条件句，表示对现在情况的虚拟，条件句用一般过去时，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形，D选项符合题意。故选D项。
10．D【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：亚里士多德建议教师系统地引导学生，重复是培养好习惯的关键工具，而不是苏格拉底强调通过提问来引出自己的想法。分子句子结构可知，proposed表示“建议”，后面是两个并列的宾语从句，从句谓语动词使用 (should) do，should可以省略，排除A项和B项；repetition和use为被动关系，需用被动语态，排除C项。故选D。
11．C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：一些专家要求给孩子们足够的时间睡觉和玩耍。动词demand后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略，孩子们和给时间是被动关系，用be+过去分词。故选C。
12．A【解析】考查wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气。句意：多么晴朗的一天啊！我多么希望我现在在海滩上享受阳光！wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，此处与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时态，be动词，故选A。
【点睛】
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如：
I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。
She wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。
I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。
13．D【解析】考查短语和虚拟语气。句意：——你想开车出去吗?——没有。我宁愿我们坐地铁。feel like doing sth.想要做某事。would rather后的从句用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，用一般过去时。故选D。
14．A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——玛丽，你介意微信收费吗？——当然介意。如果要我现在付钱的话，我会放弃微信。根据语境和后文now可知此处表示与现在事实相反：主句用would +动词原形，从句动词用过去式（be 通常用 were）。故选A。
15．D【解析】考查含蓄条件句。句意：如果没有椰子的话，大多数南太平洋的热带岛屿对于人和动物而言都将会不适宜居住。本处考查含蓄条件句，这里从句可以用另外一种形式If there were no coconuts, 表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句结构：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。故选D。
【点睛】
在表示虚拟假设的虚拟语气中，有时候假设的条件并不以条件句的形式表达出来，而是通过上下文或者句子的内在逻辑关系，这时候就是含蓄条件句，主要通过名词，连接词，不定式，分词，介词短语和分句来暗示，这里就是用短语without coconuts来暗示
16．D【解析】考查表语从句。句意：地震发生的时候，好像世界末日到了。A. that 连接词，无意义；B. as 正如，像……一样；C. if 是否；D. as if 似乎，好像。分析句子可知，此处引导一个表语从句，根据句意可知，从句使用虚拟语气，所以应用as if 引导该从句，故选D项。
17．C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他按照医生的指示安静地躺着，他现在就不会那么痛苦了。根据句意，if引导的条件句，从句是对过去情况的一种假设，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，表明“他过去没有听医生的，导致现在很痛苦”。从句表达对过去情况假设时，谓语用过去完成时态。故选C。
18．A【解析】考查虚拟语气/宾语从句/时态。句意：他建议Jane用另一种方式解决这个问题，她的表情表明她同意了。suggest意为“建议”时，其后that引导的宾语从句的谓语应用should+动词原形，should可以省略，所以排除C，D选项；suggest意为“表明”时，宾语从句用陈述语气，时态与主句一致，由主句谓语suggested可知，时态为一般过去时，故选A项。
19．C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他昨天见到你，他会还你书的。根据句意可知，句子为与过去事实相反的假设，应用虚拟语气，主句应用“主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词”，故空格二应用“would have returned”；从句应用“If+主语+had+过去分词”，句中省略了If，这时要把had提到句首，变为倒装句式，故空格一应用“Had”，如不省略If，句子为“If he had seen you yesterday”。故选C项。
20．C【解析】考查虚拟语气省略句的倒装句。句意：如果公司在一开始没有忽略这个错误，这个问题本来是可以从源头上预防的。根据the problem could have been prevented at its source可知此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，即If the company had not ignored，此处省略了if，因此要用倒装句，即要把助动词提前到主语前面，否定词not不能提前。故选C项。
【点睛】
本题考查了If的虚拟语气中的对过去事实相反情况的省略形式。当从句中含有were/should/had的形式时，If可以省略，但句子应为倒装形式，即were/should/had要提前置于句首。
1.对过去事实相反的情况：
If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life.
要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。
→Had we found him earlier，we could have saved his life.
2.对现在或将来事实相反的情况：
If she were here, she would attend the meeting too.
如果她在这里，她也参加会议。
→Were she here, she would attend the meeting too.
3.对将来事实相反的的情况：
If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to stay at home.
若明天下雨，我们只好呆在家里。
→Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to stay at home.
注意：若遇到否定词not时，不能与were/should/had缩略为Weren’t/Shouldn’t/Hadn’t而置于句首。如：
If I hadn’t warned you, you could have been killed.
正确：Had I not warned you, you could have been killed.
错误：Hadn’t I warned you, you could have been killed.
21．C【解析】考查表语从句和虚拟语气。句意：我的建议是他应该选择出国深造。chooses选择；第一个设空处引导表语从句，从句不缺成份，应用只起连接作用的that；在advice后的表语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语构成是“should+动词原形”should可省略，故第二个设空处应为(should) choose。故选C。
22．C【解析】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：医生坚持说我发高烧，并坚持要求我休息几天。分析可知，第一个空前的谓语insisted，意为“坚持认为”含义，之后宾语从句应是陈述句语气，即：一般过去时；第二空前谓语insisted被省略，但意为“坚持要求”，之后宾语从句应是虚拟语气，即：that+主语+（should）+动词原形……。故选C项。
23．B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：看到同龄人为成功和独立而奋斗，张悦建议他们应该寻求专家顾问的指导。A.must必须；B.should应该；C.can能；D.shall将。分析句子可知，此句为同位语从句，that引导的从句是suggestion的具体内容，从句使用should + 动词原形，should可以被省略的虚拟语气。故选B。
【点睛】
24．B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真是个意外！如果你听了我的劝告，事情就不会像现在这样了。根据句意可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词应该用 had done 结构had taken。故选B项。
25．A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师要求他每天早上上交家庭作业。requests后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。故选A项。
26．A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：有人要求会议延期。request表示“要求”时，引导的that从句中要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。故选A。
【点睛】
后接虚拟语气的常见词
1）在 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, desire, demand, require, request, order, prefer, propose, recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。
例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once.
She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.
2）类似用法的还有 advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper 等形容词；decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：
It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.
Their decision was that the school remain closed.
3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。
27．D【解析】考查虚拟。句意：她在会议上要求采取措施保护我们赖以生存的环境。根据句意可知，动词require“要求”，从句用虚拟即should+动词原形，should可以省略。又measures和动词take之间为被动关系，即should be taken，should可以省略，故选D项。
28．B【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：苏喜欢去商店买东西，总是像没有明天一样花钱。A.even if即使；B.as if好像；C.as long as只要；D.as soon as一......就......。从句使用的是虚拟语气，结合句意可知，此处用as if引导状语从句复合语境。故选B。
29．B【解析】考查虚拟语气和部分倒装。句意：她建议我不仅要去参加英语晚会，还要唱首英文歌曲。根据句子里的“suggested…but also sing”的结构可知，首先要考虑suggest后面是宾语从句。根据句子意思可知，这里的suggest要翻译成“建议”的意思，所以，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词要用“（should）+动词原形”的结构。所以，陈述句的时候空格上应该填I should go。但是，在空格前面有not only，和后面的but also构成固定搭配的并列连词结构，当not only位于句首时，它后面的这个小分句要部分倒装，即把谓语动词里的助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语前面。根据虚拟句的要求，这个小分句的谓语动词是“（should）+动词原形”的结构，有情态动词should，所以倒装的时候直接把should提到主语前面即可。故选B项。
30．A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是那天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。A. had not been（过去完成时） B. should not be（情态动词）C. were not（一般过去时态） D. should not have been（should not have done不应该做，但是做了）。主句“I should not be here now.”表达的是与现在事实相反的情况；而根据if从句中表示过去的时间状语 “the other day前些日子”可知，此处表达的应该是与过去事实相反的情况，所以要使用过去完成时。故选A项。

（能力题）
1. It used to be that you ________ drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. (2021 天津)
2. —I honestly don’t think I’m going to be admitted.
—Well, you never know! You ________ (make) a better impression than you think. (2021 天津)
3. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could ________ (send) signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2020 全国I)
4. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he ________ find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. (2020 全国III)
5. Jim says we ________ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. (2020 天津)
6. If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ________ not be where I am. (2020 江苏)
7. What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ (have) a good time together. (2019 江苏)
8. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ (accomplish) the task in half the time. (2019 天津)
9. In today’s information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company. (2018 北京)
10. I can’t find my purse. I ________ have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure. (2018 天津)
11. If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. (2018 天津)
12. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved. (2018 江苏)
13. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf. (2017 北京)
14. My room is a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. (2017 天津)
15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes, otherwise, I ________ (be) able to reach her yesterday. (2017 天津)
16. ________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. (2017 江苏)
17. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. (2016 北京)
18. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ (tell) me, I could have helped. (2016 北京)
19. It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended. (2016 天津)
20. If it ________ (be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. (2016 江苏)
21. It might have saved me some trouble ________ I known the schedule. (2015 江苏)
22. I wish I ________ (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. (2015 天津)
23. It is lucky we booked a room, or we ________ (have) nowhere to stay now. (2015 安徽)
24. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ (dance) as well as her. (2015 陕西)
25. —Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really ________ go now. My daughter is home alone. (2015 北京)
1.could/might 句意：过去你可能开车数英里看不到一个人，但现在到处都是房子和人。根据句意和语境可知，这里介绍的是过去和现在的对比，表示“有可能”，故填could/might。
2.may have made句意：——老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。——唉，谁知道呢！你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故填may have made。
3.send 设空前是情态动词could，情态动词后跟动词原形。故填send。
4.could 句意：当他问江岸边的村民他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的艺术家时，他们笑着指向江的下游。分析句意可知，设空处表达的是能够做某事。时态为一般过去时，故填could。
5.can 句意：吉姆说只要我们保持干净整洁，我们就可以待在他家里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，主句是一般现在时态，介绍的是现在的情况，所以宾语从句用一般现在时态，故填can。
6.would/could/might/should 句意：如果我没有面对这么多的障碍，我就不会是现在的我。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故填would/could/might/should。
7.would have had 句意：真遗憾啊！你错过了这次游览，否则我们就可以一起