Unit-4-History-and-Traditions-B卷综合能力提升练(解析版).docx

必修Book 2 Unit 4 History and Traditions
B卷·综合能力提升练
(时间：90分钟　满分：120分)
第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022·重庆巴蜀中学高一期中）The River Nile stretches more than 4,000 miles between Lake Victoria and the Mediterranean Sea. Out of all that length, the relatively short section between Aswan and Luxor in southern Egypt is the most fascinating. Read on for the main temples to visit on the journey down the Nile between Aswan and Luxor.
Philae Temple
This gorgeous Greco-Egyptian temple to the goddess Isis is easily reached by boat from Aswan. It was torn apart and moved to its current island location as part of the UNESCO project to save Nubia’s ancient monuments from the rising waters of Lake Nasser.
Abu Simbel
Although it’s not along the Nile between Aswan and Luxor, this stunning temple is often visited as a long day trip from Aswan by airplane or road. Constructed around 1260 BC, the temple was also rescued from Lake Nasser by the UNESCO project.
Edfu Temple
One of best-preserved temples from ancient times, the Edfu Temple is where the ancients worshiped the god of the sky. Over the centuries, the temple was nearly covered by sand from the nearby desert and inaccessible due to the annual flooding of the Nile, enabling it to be preserved in such an original state.
Temple of Karnak
The massive Temple of Karnak is both a masterpiece of ancient Egyptian architecture and one of the largest temples ever constructed anywhere on the planet. It begs two visits: once by daylight to appreciate the engineering and artistic beauty of the Great Hypostyle Hall and again after dark when the ruins come alive during a sound and light show.
1．Which temple will be a better choice if you plan to go at night?
A．Abu Simbel. B．Edfu Temple C．Philae Temple. D．Temple of Karnak.
2．What do Philae Temple and Abu Simbel have in common?
A．They are usually reached by boat. B．They are both located on an island.
C．They were once under the threat of floods. D．They were once pulled down and reconstructed.
3．Why is Edfu Temple well preserved
A．Because it was difficult to spot and reach.
B．Because the ancients feared the power of the god.
C．Because it processed the beautiful scenery.
D．Because it was protected by the UNESCO project.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A
【解析】本文为一篇应用文。埃及南部阿斯旺和卢克索之间的尼罗河最迷人，文章介绍了这一段河流附近的四个主要神庙。
1．细节理解题。根据Temple of Karnak的第二句“It begs two visits: once by daylight to appreciate the engineering and artistic beauty of the Great Hypostyle Hall and again after dark when the ruins come alive during a sound and light show. (它请求两次访问：一次是在白天欣赏大柱式大厅的工程和艺术之美，另一次是在天黑之后，当废墟在声光表演中活跃起来时。)”，如果游客打算晚上去神庙，Temple of Karnak会是更好的选择故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据Edfu Temple的“Over the centuries, the temple was nearly covered by sand from the nearby desert and inaccessible due to the annual flooding of the Nile, enabling it to be preserved in such an original state. (几个世纪以来，这座寺庙几乎被附近沙漠的沙子所覆盖，而且由于尼罗河每年的洪水而无法到达，这使得它能够以如此原始的状态保存下来。)”可知，尼罗河每年都会发洪水。根据Philae Temple的第二句“It was torn apart and moved to its current island location as part of the UNESCO project to save Nubia’s ancient monuments from the rising waters of Lake Nasser. (作为联合国教科文组织保护努比亚古遗迹免受纳赛尔湖水位上升影响的项目的一部分，Philae Temple被拆了，并搬到了现在的岛屿位置)”；根据Abu Simbel的第二句“Constructed around 1260 BC, the temple was also rescued from Lake Nasser by the UNESCO project. (该寺庙建于公元前1260年左右，联合国教科文组织的项目也从纳赛尔湖中拯救了它)”中的also可知，Abu Simbel也遭遇纳赛尔湖水位上升的问题；因尼罗河每年都会发洪水，导致纳赛尔湖水位上升，两个神庙都曾遭遇过洪水的威胁。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据Edfu Temple的第二句“Over the centuries, the temple was nearly covered by sand from the nearby desert and inaccessible due to the annual flooding of the Nile, enabling it to be preserved in such an original state. (几个世纪以来，这座寺庙几乎被附近沙漠的沙子覆盖，由于尼罗河每年的洪水泛滥而无法进入，使其能够以如此原始的状态保存下来。)”可知，因为被沙漠的沙子覆盖，人们很难发现这个神庙，而且每年的洪水也导致人们很难到达这里，从而Edfu Temple神庙保存的很好。故选A项。
B
（2022·新疆·沙湾县第一中学高一期末）Underwater explorers have discovered an ancient shipwreck (沉船) in the ruins of a long-lost sunken Egyptian city Heracleion, off the coast of Alexandria in Egypt. Researchers have proved the ship to be over 2,000 years old among the ruins.
Although Heracleion was once an important economic center, it was destroyed by the forces of nature, sinking (下沉) rapidly in the water. The remains of the city’s houses, temples, and markets have lain ten meters deep in the Abu Qir Bay, east of present-day Alexandria, As a result，underwater explorers regularly make exciting discoveries there. Among them, statues and stone tablets with words made it possible to figure out the city’s name: Heracleion.
Researchers explained that the ship was 25 meters long. The discovery of the shipwreck was fascinating because ships from that period in history were very seldom. The underwater research showed that the ship was struck by several big stones from the nearby temple, making the ship at the bottom of the sea. Dr. Mustafa Waziri, Secretary-General of the Higher Archaeology Council, said the ship was in the canal (运河) which flowed along the side of the Temple of Amun. An earthquake struck the city, making the temple destroyed and the ship sink.
While the shipwreck discovery was exciting, underwater explorers discovered the remains of a Greek cemetery (墓地) dating back to the 4th century BC during the underwater exploration. Researchers explained that the discovery shows the Greek traders lived in the city. They built their own temples near the temple of Amun, and the remains of both have been found together and in good condition in the sunken city some 7 miles off the coast of Egypt. It is worth noting that the city of Heracleion had been the largest port-city in Egypt across the Nile Delta, before the city of Alexandria was founded in 331 BC．Several earthquakes destroyed it.
4．Why did the city Heracleion disappear?
A．It was destroyed by the Greek traders.
B．It was hit and covered by a big flood.
C．It was unimportant and was deserted.
D．It was ruined and sank into the sea.
5．What caused the ship to sink into the sea?
A．Its own length. B．A terrible earthquake.
C．Carrying too many stones. D．The building of a temple.
6．What can be inferred from the discovery of a Greek cemetery? .
A．The Greek cemetery was destroyed.
B．Greek traders built the temple of Amun.
C．Heracleion was probably a trade center.
D．Greek has a longer history than Egypt.
7．In which section of a newspaper can we find the text?
A．Environment.. B．History C．Sport. D．Education.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．C 7．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Heracleion废墟中发现了一艘古代沉船和可追溯到公元前4世纪的希腊墓地遗迹的事迹来探索当时一些不为人知的历史真相。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Although Heracleion was once an important economic center, it was destroyed by the forces of nature, sinking (下沉) rapidly in the water.”（尽管Heracleion曾经是一个重要的经济中心，但是它被大自然的力量摧毁了，在水中迅速下沉。）可知，Heracleion被摧毁了，并沉入海底。故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr. Mustafa Waziri, Secretary-General of the Higher Archaeology Council, said the ship was in the canal (运河) which flowed along the side of the Temple of Amun. An earthquake struck the city, making the temple destroyed and the ship sink. ”（高级考古委员会秘书长Mustafa Waziri博士说，这艘船在阿蒙神庙旁边的运河里。一场地震袭击了这座城市，神庙被毁，轮船沉没。）可知，船是因为地震而导致沉没的。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Researchers explained that the discovery shows the Greek traders lived in the city.”（研究人员解释说，这一发现表明希腊商人住在这座城市。）可知这里有商人居住；文章“It is worth noting that the city of Heracleion had been the largest port-city in Egypt across the Nile Delta, before the city of Alexandria was founded in 331 BC．”（值得注意的是，在公元前 331 年亚历山大城建立之前，Heracleion是埃及最大的港口城市，横跨尼罗河三角洲。）Heracleion有商人居住，这是一个信息，它在亚历山大城建立之前还是埃及最大的港口城市，港口城市一般交通便利，故推知Heracleion可能是一个贸易中心。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。通读本文可知，文章讲述的是水下探险家在埃及亚历山大海岸外失踪已久的埃及城市Heracleion废墟中发现了一艘古代沉船和可追溯到公元前4世纪的希腊墓地遗迹，这些发现背后都是承载着一定历史真相的，故我们可能会在报纸的“History”（历史）板块中读到这篇文章。故选B项。
C
（2022·青海西宁·高一期末）The Giza Pyramids (金字塔), built to last forever, have done just that. The tombs could date back to Egypt’s Old Kingdom and were constructed some 4,500 years ago. Egypt’s pharaohs (法老)expected to become gods in the afterlife. To prepare for the next world they built temples to the gods and massive pyramid tombs for themselves, which were filled with all the things each ruler would need to guide and support himself in the next world.
The ancient wonders at Giza were so impressive that even today scientists can’t be sure how the pyramids were built. Yet they have learned much about the people who built them. The builders were skilled, well-fed Egyptian workers who lived in a nearby city. Archaeological (考古的)digs on the attractive site have shown a highly organized community, rich with resources.
If the Pyramids helped to build ancient Egypt, they also preserved it. Giza allows us to explore an ancient world. “Many people think of the site as just a tomb in the modern sense, but it’s a lot more than that,” says Peter Der Manuelian with the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. “In these decorated tombs you have wonderful scenes of every aspect of life in ancient Egypt—so it’s not just about how Egyptians died but how they lived.”
Tomb art displays ancient farmers working on their fields and fishing. Words and texts also allow research into Egyptian grammar and language. “Almost any subject you want to study about the culture is available on the tomb walls at Giza,” Der Manuelian says.
To help make these precious resources accessible to all, Der Manuelian heads the Giza Project, an enormous collection of Giza photographs, plans, drawings, object records, and diaries that enables online visits to the site.
8．Why did Egypt’s pharaohs build the pyramids?
A．To satisfy personal needs.
B．To pay respects to gods.
C．To protect the culture.
D．To benefit local poor people.
9．What remains unclear about the pyramids?
A．Who built them.
B．How they were built.
C．Where they were.
D．When they were built.
10．What is the Giza Project intended for?
A．Raising money for the farmers.
B．Collecting drawings and photos worldwide.
C．Helping people develop fishing.
D．Providing online access to the pyramids.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．Pyramids at Giza.
B．Modern painting art.
C．An ancient king.
D．A museum in Egypt.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伟大的Giza金字塔，介绍了其建造的时间、构成、以及存在的意义等。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Egypt’s pharaohs (法老)expected to become gods in the afterlife. To prepare for the next world they built temples to the gods and massive pyramid tombs for themselves, which were filled with all the things each ruler would need to guide and support himself in the next world. (埃及的法老期望在死后成为神。为了为下一个世界做准备，他们为自己建造了神庙和巨大的金字塔坟墓，里面装满了每个统治者在另一个世界里需要指导和养活自己的所有东西。)”可推断，古埃及的法老之所以建造金字塔是为了自己死后所需，故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The ancient wonders at Giza were so impressive that even today scientists can’t be sure how the pyramids were built. (Giza的古代奇观令人印象深刻，即使是今天的科学家也不能确定金字塔是如何建造的。)”可知，科学家们至今不知道金字塔是如何建造的。故选B。
10．细节理解题根据最后一段“To help make these precious resources accessible to all, Der Manuelian heads the Giza Project, an enormous collection of Giza photographs, plans, drawings, object records, and diaries that enables online visits to the site.(为了帮助所有人都能获得这些宝贵的资源，Der Manuelian领导了“Giza计划”，该计划收集了大量的Giza照片、平面图、图纸、实物记录和日记，使人们能够在线访问该网站。)”可知，该计划是为了让人们能够从网上获取Giza金字塔的相关信息。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出Giza金字塔的永恒；第二段介绍了Giza金字塔的建造非常复杂；第三段和第四段介绍了Giza金字塔让我们了解了古埃及人们的生活、文化等；最后则介绍了Giza计划。所以本文是围绕Giza金字塔展开的。故选A。
D
（2022·辽宁丹东·高一期末）The Hong Kong Palace Museum (HKPM), located in the West Kowloon Cultural District of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, was established on June 22 and is scheduled to open to the public on July 2. More than 40,000 tickets were sold or reserved within eight hours on the first day of public sale, and all free visits on Wednesdays in July were fully booked.
The HKPM, not only adds to cultural atmosphere in the city, but also provides a new site for local residents and visitors to learn about the development of Chinese civilization and culture. More than 900 pieces of treasures from the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing will be put on display at the opening exhibitions. From paintings to ancient architectures, the exhibits span the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization, covering all categories of the collection of the Palace Museum, including 166 pieces of first-class cultural relics of the country. This will be the largest and highest-level cultural heritage exhibitions of the Palace Museum outside of the mainland since its establishment in 1925.
Prepare work for the exhibitions began in 2018, with the Palace Museum fielding a team of leading experts and scholars, associated with the manage team of the HKPM.
“It is a great thing to display the pieces of cultural relics in Hong Kong, which reflects the central government’s support to the development of Hong Kong’s cultural projects,” said Ng, adding that the exhibits from the Palace Museum will present a cultural feast to Hong Kong residents by telling them about the motherland’s long history and splendid culture.
“Promoting traditional Chinese culture is one of our important tasks,” said Betty Fung, chief executive officer of West Kowloon Cultural District Authority. She said the HKPM will actively push ahead with the publicity of the motherland’s culture and history after its opening, enhancing Hong Kong residents’ cultural confidence in the country, especially among youths.
Fung said that the HKPM will actively enhance cooperation with international museums, telling the world the stories of China, including the stories of Hong Kong.
12．What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A．Hong Kong citizens can visit the museum freely.
B．Hong Kong Palace Museum is warmly welcomed.
C．Hong Kong citizens can enjoy the exhibition in June.
D．Hong Kong Palace Museum opens within eight hours per day.
13．What can a visitor enjoy in The Hong Kong Palace Museum?
A．900 pieces of first-class cultural relics.
B．The history of Hong Kong since 1925.
C．The development of international civilization.
D．All categories of the collection of the Palace Museum.
14．What is Betty Fung’s attitude towards the museum?
A．Favorable. B．Disappointed. C．Doubtful. D．Puzzled.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．HKPM: Hong Kong’s Cultural Authority
B．HKPM: Cooperation with International Museums
C．HKPM: A New Cultural Landmark of Hong Kong
D．HKPM: Showcase of Hong Kong’s Cultural Relics
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了香港故宫博物院的成立，它是香港文化历史上的一件大事，从此香港有了新的文化地标。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段的“More than 40,000 tickets were sold or reserved within eight hours on the first day of public sale, and all free visits on Wednesdays in July were fully booked.”（公开发售首日八小时内售出或预订的门票超过 4万张，7 月份每个星期三的所有免费参观门票都被预订一空。）可知，香港故宫博物院受到了游客的热烈欢迎。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“More than 900 pieces of treasures from the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing will be put on display at the opening exhibitions. From paintings to ancient architectures, the exhibits span the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization, covering all categories of the collection of the Palace Museum ”（北京故宫博物院收藏的900多件珍品