专题13--动词和动词短语-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用)----解析版.docx

专题13 动词和动词短语
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。
2.（2021·天津卷）With that thought in mind, Pruitt 22 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 23 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again for free. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the budget to buy one.
22．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up D．broke away from
23．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered
【答案】22．A 23．D
【解析】22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。
3. （2021·浙江卷语法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
…….
When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white.
【答案】36. has proved/has proven 40. was painted
【解析】36. 考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
40. 考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
【2020年】
1.（2020·江苏卷）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
2. （2020·江苏卷）The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
3．（2020·天津卷）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on
C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。
4．（2020·天津卷）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
5．（2020·天津卷）We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A．take up B．carry out C．keep on D．put off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据；B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _____ man's intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
2.【2019·天津卷】Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。
【2018年】
1.【2018·天津】It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display B. acquire
C. teach D. test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。
2.【2018·天津】At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
3.【2018·江苏】Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on
C. calls off D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。
4.【2018·江苏】Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A. indicate B. investigate
C. imitate D. innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。
【2017年】
1. 【2017·天津卷】Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
【答案】A
【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。
2.【2017·江苏卷】A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.
A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，
调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速
回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
3.【2017· 江苏】Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；
C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句
意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
【2016年】
1.【2016·江苏】He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流；句意：他并容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。
2.【2016·江苏】Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；根据句意可知B项正确。
3.【2016·江苏】Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.
A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to
【答案】C
【解析】考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。
4.【2016·天津】Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on
【答案】A
【解析】句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。A. 将……说出，透露，表明；B. 注意，照看；C.对......充耳不闻；D.踏上。根据语境，故选A。
5.【2016·天津】I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put B. make C. take D. give
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。短语take advantage of意为“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。
6.【2016·天津】I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.
A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。A.进行；B.破门而入；C.拒绝，声音调低；D.切断。故选A。
7.【2016·浙江】We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
【答案】A
【解析】句意当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分开的时候，我们就会获得很多。A. 将……分开；B. 拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选A。
8.【2016·浙江】When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt ______from the world.
A. carried away B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当孩子远离他们生活的时候，这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。Carry away带走，夺走；break down崩溃，破坏，抛锚，分解；cut off切断；bring up养育，培养。故选C。
9.【2016·浙江】When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选C。
【2015年】
1.(2015﹒浙江)If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea?
A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split
【答案】A
【解析】句意：既然铁重于水，为什么船可以浮在水面上。A. float意为漂浮， B. drown 意为淹死， C. shrink 意为收缩， D. split意为洒出。此题考查的是4个动词的词义辨析，正确理解这4个句子及结合常识可以得出答案。
2.(2015﹒浙江)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight facts.
A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。A. block off.意为封锁， B. appeal to意为吸引， C. subscribe to意为订阅， D. come across意为遇到。该句的句式使用到了一个比较句式以及一个定语从句，看起来有一点复杂，其实这道题的关键就是连词or，or意思是或者，用于并列句。所以 our emotions表达是跟前面excite our senses（让我们激动）意思是相同的，根据句意不难得出答案是C吸引。
3.(2015﹒浙江)Body language can a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:句意:肢体语言可以透露很多的心情，所以把你的手折起来站着,表示你是有防范的。A意为拿走； B意为扔掉； C意为放好； D意为泄露，而且和send out同义。该题考查的是动词短语搭配，这是动词加介词的搭配，其中四个介词都是一样的(away), 不同的是动词，正确理解四是个搭配其实只需要理解四个动词就可以了。Take意为拿走throw意为扔掉，Pur 意为放, give 意为给。根据句意可以排除ABC,所以得出答案为D.
4.(2015﹒浙江)Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently.
A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download
【答案】C
【解析】句意：研究已经表明，左耳和右耳处理声音是不同的。A意为生产或制造，B意为发音，C意为处理，D意为下载。该题考查的是词义辨析，4个选项的意思都非常的不一样，所以在作答的时候，要每一个单词都代入空格进行翻译，找出最佳答案。根据常识，耳朵不能够生产或制造，不能发音，更不可能下载。所以答案只能是处理，也就是C。
5.(2015﹒天津)Tom had to______ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
A. turn in B. turn down
C. turn over D. turn to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。A. turn in 上交；B. turn down拒绝； C. turn over 移交；D. turn to求助。根据句意可知选B。
6.(2015﹒天津)If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better______ your doctor at once.
A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好立刻向你的医生咨询。A. convince 说服；B. consult咨询； C. avoid 避免；D. affect影响。根据句意可知选B。
7.(2015﹒天津)See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
A. have B. make C. display D. bring
【答案】B
【解析】句意：看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考查动词短语的固定搭配：make sense有意义。根据句意可知选B。
8.(2015﹒陕西)Peter will his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up
【答案】A
【解析】句意：Peter在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。take up拿起，开始从事；put up竖立；搭建；add up加起来；break up结束；分解。所以选A。
9.(2015﹒福建)It is said that body language 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
A. lies in B. accounts for C. consists of D. goes with
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。A.lies in在于；B.accounts for说明、引起；C.consists of包括；D.goes with相伴。该句意思为：据说身体语言占了第一印象的百分之五十五，而你所说的话只占百分之七。故选B
10.(2015﹒江苏)The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on
【答案】C
【解析】句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。A项“服侍，等待”；B项“集中（注意力）于”；C项“指望”；D项“呼吁，拜访”。故选C项。
11.(2015﹒江苏)The university started some new language programs to _____ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:句意:这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A项“....申请，话适用....”B项“迎合，满....的需要，为..... .提供服务”C项.....有吸引力，呼吁”； D项“猎取，寻找”。故选B项。
12.(2015﹒安徽)If you come to visit China, you will ______ a culture of amazing depth and variety.
A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到一种有深度和多样化的文化。A发展，培养；B创造；C代替；D经历。故选D。
13.(2015﹒湖北)The team are working hard to ___ the problem so that they can find the best solution.
A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze
【答案】D
【解析】句意：团队正在努力分析这一问题一遍找到解决问题的方法。A项“面对B项“阻止”；C项“提出，举起”；D项“分析”。故选D项。
14.(2015﹒湖北)In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ____ that someone was moving about upstairs.
A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain
【答案】B
【解析】句意：为了能够被听到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在楼上走动。A项“低声说，私语”；B项“发信号，（用手势）示意”；C项“（正式）宣称”D项“抱怨”。故选B项。
15.(2015﹒湖北)There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up
【答案】C
【解析】句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A项“遗漏，省略”；B项“违背，和……作对”；C项“在于”；D项“编造，组成，化妆，和好故选C项。
16.(2015﹒湖北)Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.
A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up
【答案】D
【解析】句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。A项“突出”；B项“结束，解散，分手”；C项“出去，出版，被泄露”；D项“出现，露面”。故选D项。
17.(2015﹒江苏)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest potential.
A. Accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:句意:学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A项“加速,加快”B项“改善，提高”C项“表现”D项“发展”。故选D项。
【2014年】
1.(2014﹒安徽)Shakespeare's writing is still popular today. It has really ____ the test of time.
A.failed B.Stood C.taken D.conducted
【答案】B　
【解析】根据前一句可推知，后一句意为“莎士比亚的作品经受住了时间的考验”。stand the test of time经受住时间的考验。fail the test of time未能经受住时间的考验。句意：莎士比亚的作品今天依旧很受欢迎，它经受住了时间的考验。故选B。
2.(2014﹒福建)It is widely acknowledged that students should be ________ in terms of overall quality.
A.supported B.matched C.evaluated D.controlled
【答案】C
【解析】句意：(大家)普遍认为学生们应该得到全面的评价。support支持，支撑，抚养；match使相配，比得上；evaluate评价，评估；control控制，抑制，管理。根据句意可知选择C项。
3.(2014﹒江苏)Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.
A.chased B.Registered