Unit-4-Friends-Forever-高一英语同步必备知识清单(外研版2019).docx

必修 1 Unit 4 Friends Forever
必背知识清单
一、 重点单词、短语

1. feel low/down 感到失落
2. fill sb with sth 使某人充满（某种感情）
3. in view 看得见
4. give (sb) pleasure （给某人）带来乐趣
5. go right 顺利
6. prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事
prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B
prefer to do... rather than do...
＝would rather do... than do...
宁愿做…而不愿意做
7. share the same interest 有共同的兴趣
8. a social app社交应用程序
9. post a notice发布通知
10. take part in参加
11. a community activity 社区活动
12. face to face面对面
13. stay/keep in touch with与…保持联系
14. move to 搬到…去
15. mean-meant-meant 意味着
16. lose track of ……失去与某人的联系
17. what if 如果……会怎么办
18. It takes ages to do sth花很长时间做某事
19. the only way of doing sth做某事的唯一方法是
20. deliver v. 递送,派送 delivery n.
21. thanks to 多亏，幸亏
22. advance n. 进步
advanced adj. 进步的；先进的
23. communicate with sb 与某人交流 communication n.交流
24. significantly adv.重大地，显著地
significant adj.重要的
significance n. 重要性;意义
25. move around the world 环游世界
26. stay in touch with 与……保持联系
27. remain friends with sb与某人维持友谊
28. be up to 忙着做某事
29. maintain 保持，维持
30. digital age 数字时代
31. enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事
32. collet v.收集 collection n.收集
33. despite尽管=in spite of
34. an unusual instrument 一种不寻常的乐器
35. whatever不论是什么
36. even if 即使
37. on the other side of…在…的另一边
38. connect A with B 把A和B联系在一起
39. It depends 视情况而定
40. exchange v.交换
41. personal information个人信息
42. keep sth in mind 把……牢记在心
43. on social media sites 在社交网站上
44. tend to do sth 倾向于做某事
45. updates 最新消息
46. friendly adj.友好的
47. saying n.谚语
48. criminal n.罪犯
49. throw the baby out with the bathwater 不分良莠一起抛掉
50. acquire v. 获得 acquisition n.获得
51. longing n.渴望；憧憬
one’s long for sth 对某事的渴望
52. as sb said/says正如某人所说
53. persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
54. the advantages and disadvantages of … …的优点和缺点
55. a worldfamous short story writer世界著名的短篇小说作家
56. focus on 集中注意力于…
57. ordinary people 普通人
58. at that time 当时
59. be known/famous for 因…而著名
60. a surprising ending 意想不到的结局
61. get a … understanding of 对…有…的理解
62. set in 开始
63. leave work 下班
64. have a chat 聊天
65. start/begin to do sth 开始做某事
66. raise 举起；提高；养育
67. make one’s fortune 发财
68. drag 拖拉 过去式dragged
drag sb out of… 拖出…
69. on earth （在）世界上；（在）人间
70. exactly adv. 确切地；正好
exact adj.正确的；精确的
71. no matter +疑问词 无论；不管
72. condition 条件；情况
73. figure 认为；数字；人物
74. ought to do sth 应该做某事
75. destiny 命运
76. work out 解决；把……弄清楚
77. it seems to sb (that) 在某人看来
78. hear from 得到…的消息
79. for a time一段时间
80. lose track of 失去联系
81. you see 你知道
82. proposition 论点；主张
83. be worth it值得的
84. turn up 出现
85. an excerpt from 节选自
86. over the past twenty years 在过去的二十年里
87. the appointed place 约定地点
88. on time 按时；准时
89. strike/light a match 划火柴
90. light a cigar 点燃雪茄

二、 必背句子
1. Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.
得益于技术的进步，我们结交朋友、与朋友沟通的方式已经有了显著的变化。
2. Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friend with.
如今，我们可以一边周游世界，一边仍可与我们想要与之维持友谊的人们保持联系。
3. Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.
通过社交媒体，我们能知晓朋友的情况，并维系彼此间的友谊。
4. The digital age enables us to find people who share our interests.
数字时代能使得我们能够找到志趣相投得人。
5. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
不管我们的爱好是什么，我们都能在网上结识同好，哪怕他们住在世界的另一端。
6. On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.
在社交网络上，人们倾向于只发布那些能使他们自己显得幸福友好的、正面的最新消息
7. Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friend remain the same.
尽管技术已经改变了我们结交朋友的方式，但友情的意义和我们对友谊的渴望依然不变。
8. No one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.
没有人会选择没有朋友的生活，即使他其他的什么都不缺。
9. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made.
我们认为，二十年后我们两个各自都应该能把握自己的命运，创造出自己的财富。
三、 知识点
1. whatever引导让步状语从句
(1)whatever，whoever，whichever既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句；在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which。
(2)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how。
(3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
注意：however或no matter how后接形容词或副词时顺序应该是：however或no matter how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语＋其他。。
2. have sth. done
(1)have sth. done中过去分词作宾补，表示被动的含义，有时也可用get sth.done来替换，该结构的意思是“使某事被做”，有时翻译成“请人做某事”或“主语遭遇到某事”。
(2)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事，表示经常性的动作或某次具体的动作，不定式必须省略to。宾语是动作的执行者。
(3)have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态；用于否定句时，have表示“容忍，容许”之意。
(4)have sth.to do有事要做，have意为“有”，to do在句中作后置定语。
四、语法 定语从句
在复合句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why等。
一、关系代词的用法
1．who的用法
who指人，在从句中可作主语或宾语。
There is a girl who wants to see you.
有个女孩儿想见你。
2．whom的用法
whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
注意：(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。
The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday was John’s older brother.
昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。
(2)关系词在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。
The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of mine.
刚才和你说话的人是我的一个亲戚。
3．whose的用法
whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。指物时，可转化为“限定词＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋限定词＋名词”的形式。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
这就是那位全国知名的科学家。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
→Please pass me the book the cover of which/of which the cover is green.
请递给我那本绿色封面的书。
4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.
她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
5．that既可以指人，相当于who或whom；也可以指物，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The woman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得一枚金牌。
The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。
注意：
(1)宜用that不宜用which的情况：
①当先行词是all，little，few，none，anything，something，everything，nothing等不定代词时。
Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?
能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？
②当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city.
这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。
Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。
③当先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。
This is the very scarf that my mother has been looking for.
这就是我妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。
④当先行词既有人又有物时。
Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?
你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？
⑤当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which are the books that you bought for me?
哪些是你买给我的书？
Who is the person that came to see you yesterday?
昨天来看你的那个人是谁？
(2)宜用which不宜用that的情况：
①当先行词为that时。
What’s that which he asked for?
他要的是什么？
②当关系代词后有插入语时。
This is the book which，I think，can help improve your English.
这就是我认为能帮你提高英语水平的书。
③当关系代词前有介词且指物或事时。
The pen with which you are writing is Jeff’s.
你用来写字的那支笔是杰夫的。
④非限制性定语从句。
She didn’t pass the exam，which made her unhappy.
她没通过考试，这让她不开心。
(3)宜用who不宜用that的情况：
①当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone。
Anyone who does that must be mad.
谁那样做都一定是疯了。
②当先行词是I，you，he，they等人称代词时(常用于谚语中)。
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
③当先行词为指人的those时。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。
④在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
There is a young man who wants to see you.
有一个年轻人想见你。
二、使用定语从句的注意事项
1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
地上放的那个手提箱是她的。
注意：“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。
2．关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略；如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。
We visited the house (that/which) Lu Xun once lived in.
＝We visited the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
我们参观了鲁迅曾住过的房子。
(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。