专题05-生态环保篇(一)(原卷版).docx

专题05 生态环保篇（一）
Text 41
（2023秋·山东临沂·高一临沂第四中学校考期末）A group of volunteers joined forces to form a human chain to free four dolphins which had been stranded(搁浅)in a canal for four days. The four dolphins were seen in the water near the Fossil Park, neighborhood in St Petersburg, Florida, US, on Sunday. Experts from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) had monitored the dolphins’ activities in the past few days and hoped that they would swim out with the tide(潮水).
But when the dolphins struggled to leave the canal, brave volunteers joined members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Clearwater Marine Aquarium to form a rescue team to free them. Dozens of people gathered to take videos and pictures of the kind act. A team of 14 volunteers held hands to act as a block to guide the dolphins out of the narrow channel. They shouted and patted the water with their hands to direct the dolphins to the vast expanses of Riviera Bay. Dolphins find their way in the water through echolocation(回声定位). That means, by making high-frequency sounds, they can recognize the echoes of sound waves that bounce off objects to find their way around.
Andy Garrett a biologist of the FWC said, “We were able to keep that chain together. The dolphins were interested. They actually came over right away.” He added that when the team reached a bridge, the dolphins appeared a bit nervous and started doing some spins. “They made one real hard pass at our team and then went under the bridge and took off,” Garrett said. The operation lasted about 45 minutes and the rescue team did not use nets or any items that could stress the dolphins.
1．What can we know about the dolphins from paragraph 1?
A．They swam in groups to protect themselves.
B．They lived in the water near Fossil Park.
C．They were observed in secret by volunteers.
D．They were forced to stay in a canal for four days.
2．Why did volunteers shout and pat the water?
A．To make sounds to attract some people.
B．To guide the dolphins to larger waters.
C．To celebrate the success of saving dolphins.
D．To test the different reactions of four dolphins.
3．What words could best describe the rescuers?
A．Brave and caring.
B．Cautious and humorous.
C．Smart and stubborn.
D．Optimistic and energetic.
4．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Dolphins swam to the canal to hunt for food.
B．Rescuers formed a human chain to save dolphins.
C．Volunteers trained four dolphins to find their way home.
D．Experts studied the ways of dolphins finding directions.
Text 42
（2023秋·广西玉林·高一统考期末）Although orcas(虎肆), also known as killer whales, are famous for their attacks on sea animals, they are never a threat to humans. However, since late July, the normally social animals have been purposely attacking sailboats off the coasts of Spain and Portugal.
The strange behavior first reported on July 29, 2020, when a 46-foot boat was repeatedly attacked for almost an hour by nine orcas, almost turning the boat over and having its engine turned off. Since then. over 30 more similar incidents have been reported.
Researchers across the world are trying to explain the orcas’ behavior. Some believe it could be a result of the overfishing of the bluefin tuna-the orcas’ main food source-which has made the area’s killer whales hungry and unable to feed their babies. “I saw them look at boats carrying fish. I think they know humans are related to food shortages,”says Ken Balcomb, senior scientist at the Center for Whale Research in USA．The environmentalists believe that there is another reason for the agitation. They think the orcas’ behavior could also be caused by the sudden increase in boat. Human beings sail across the sea again, after months of restrictions(限制)on human activity last spring
However, Alfredo López, a biology professor in Spain, thinks the attacks are preventive (预防性) measures the orcas took to guard themselves against boat injuries. The researcher made such a summary after looking at the videos of a few incidents and noticing that two of the young killer whales involved had serious injuries. Hopefully, the experts will be able to find a way to bring the peace between the animals and the humans back soon.
5．What can we infer about orcas from the first two paragraphs?
A．They are friendly to humans.
B．They always attacking boats.
C．They have changed their behavior.
D．They are famous for hunting skills.
6．The underlined word “agitation” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to ___.
A．the attacks
B．boat injuries
C．fishing activities
D．human activities
7．Which of the following may Alfredo Lopez agree with?
A．Orcas attack boats for food.
B．Orcas attack boats to protect themselves.
C．Orcas are living peacefully with humans.
D．Orcas are often hurt by human activities.
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．How Do Killer Whales Attack Humans?
B．Why Are Killer Whales Attacking Boats?
C．What Can We Do to Help Killer Whales?
D．Why Should We Stop Hunting Killer Whales?
Text 43
（2023秋·新疆乌鲁木齐·高一校考期末）A few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world. They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals. The scientists were surprised by what they found. They saw that during the next 50 years about 25% of land animals and plants will disappear from the Earth. More than 1 million plants and animal species will die out by 2050.
The head of the research team, Christ Thomas, who is a professor of conservation biology at Leeds University, said the results of their research were frightening. More than 10% of all plants and animals will disappear from the Earth. It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere. But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now, we can save many more plants and animals from disappearing.
The scientists studied some areas of the world with very rich biology. These areas were Europe, Australia, Central and South America, and South Africa. Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill to get cooler. In flat areas, such as deserts, plants and animals would have to move very long distances to get cooler, so they are in great danger of dying out. The scientists found many surprising things. For example, they found that half of the 24 species of butterfly they studied in Australia would soon disappear.
9．According to this passage, global warming can be best described as________ to many plants and animals.
A．disappointing B．strange
C．surprising D．deadly
10．What’s the purpose of the research led by Christ Thomas?
A．To prevent animals and plants from global warming.
B．To raise people’s awareness to control greenhouse gases.
C．To research the effect of global warming on animals and plants.
D．To warn us of the dying out of many animals and plants.
11．What can be the best title of this passage?
A．Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
B．A frightening Discovery Concerning Global Warming
C．Animals are dying out in the World
D．Disappearance of species
12．Why do species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival?
A．The earth is getting warmer
B．They can move downhill to get cooler.
C．They have to go to high altitude to get cooler
D．More species are disappearing.
Text 44
（2023秋·广东广州·高一广州市第七十五中学校考期末）The “no-mow (不割草)” movement is catching people’s attention, and I’ve joined it after having the luck to see how beautiful a natural meadow (草地) can be.
Several years ago, I moved to a tiny town in Oregon. When we pulled up to the house where we would be staying, I took one look at what I saw as the overgrown grass. The sea of grass took my breath away. “This is going to be a huge job,” I thought to myself.
I grew up in New York. My grandfather taught me how to mow our lawn (草坪) when I was 8 years old．And I took care of that lawn until I left for college. Later, I bought my own house in Connecticut, and the house came with a small lawn. By then I had been writing for Audubon magazine and had learned how pointless lawns were. I wanted to build a butterfly garden and plant some plants. I was sick of mowing. But I kept the lawn, as I was concerned about the future resale value of a house without a back lawn.
Once I had spent several weeks getting used to Oregon life, learning the local culture and finally settling down, I realized the meadow that surrounded my new home wasn’t an untidy lawn, but one of the local types of ecosystems. And in my first weeks enjoying my new favorite place in the world, I was pleased with the huge amount of life the meadow supported.
There are lots of insects, but that only means lots of healthy food for the songbirds that I now share my home with. Because of the birds, many insects are eaten, so I’ve not had any insect problems. Contrary to what many people expect from high grasses, I’ve found that I have fewer harmful insects, because it is a balanced system. There are butterflies, vegetables and beautiful wildflowers. The meadow is never the same. It changes from week to week because it’s a living system.
13．How did the author feel when she first arrived at the new house in Oregon?
A．Tired B．Embarrassed C．Shocked D．Interested
14．How was the author’s life in Oregon?
A．She started enjoying the natural grass there.
B．She failed to join the “no-mow” movement.
C．She was worried about the untidy environment there.
D．She was busy improving the locals’ living conditions.
15．What does the author mainly say about the meadow in the last paragraph?
A．It provides a more balanced ecosystem.
B．It supplies many kinds of food to the author.
C．It causes many insect problems for the author.
D．It helps reduce the author’s writing pressure.
Text 45
（2023秋·广东江门·高一江门市第一中学校考期末）With humans encroaching(侵入) more and more on wildlife habitats, animals are finding that the best way to survive isn’t to pack up and move—it’s to adapt to the night life. A variety of previously daytime animals such as foxes, deer and boars have become active at night to avoid human activity out of fear. But this nighttime switch comes with its own risks.
Researchers looked at how 62 species of animals on six continents changed their behavior in response to human activities such as hunting, farming, and development. The studies employed various technologies to follow the animals, from GPS trackers to motion-activated cameras.
Once night falls, the animals surveyed became far more active than they were before humans arrived, hunting and looking for food in the dark. For example, animals that used to split their activity evenly between day and night typically increased their nighttime activity to 68%.
The team also found the animals responded similarly to these human encroachments, regardless of whether human activity directly affected them. So, a deer might become more active at night simply because it sees humans hiking nearby, not because it’s being hunted.
The researchers believe these nighttime behaviors not only allow humans and animals to coexist more peacefully, they may be able to give us hints as to how to plan conservation efforts accordingly, such as limiting human activity during times when a specific species is more active. But moving to the nightlife could also have downsides for these animals. A nighttime lifestyle can reduce an animal’s ability to hunt and find food successfully and can even affect its ability to find a mate. Switching to a nighttime lifestyle can affect natural patterns of life even if these animals are doing so to reduce their interaction with humans. So, just because animals are becoming more active at night doesn’t mean they’ve escaped the influence of humans.
16．Why are animals becoming more active at night?
A．It is easier to find food at night.
B．It is easier to escape being hunted.
C．They have got used to nightlife.
D．They can be less affected by human.
17．How did the researchers find the animals’ behavioral changes?
A．They followed and watched the animals.
B．They compared different animals.
C．They used modern technologies.
D．They found more animals at night.
18．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?
A．Deer can get used to nightlife easily.
B．Animals can be affected only when being hunted.
C．Any human encroachment can affect animals.
D．Animals should stay away from humans.
19．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Animals move to nightlife due to human encroachments.
B．Animals have their own ways to get used to life changes.
C．Animals should be well protected before it is too late.
D．The benefits and risks of animals’ nightlife style.
Text 46
（2022秋·宁夏中卫·高一中卫中学校考期末）One night, as I was driving down the road, I found something was sitting in the middle of the road. A few seconds later, I realized I was looking at a large turtle (海龟). Afraid of it being crashed by cars, so I pulled over, ran across the road and dragged the turtle to safety. But I’d made one big mistake.
I had heard that the best way to pick up a turtle without hurting it was picking it by the tail in order not to get bitten. So I’d made that big mistake. While the turtle turned out OK generally, I was determined to figure out how to move a turtle properly. I needed to find someone who dealt with turtles. I found the Ontario Turtle Conservation Centre. I talked to Dr. Sue its Executive and Medical Director.
Dr. Sue told me that the organization dealt with a number of aspects of turtle conservation, including rescue, settlement, birth programs, research, and education. Sue explained that southern Ontario is home to a vast majority of turtles in Canada, but is also one of the vastest road networks of the country.
“Ninety percent of injured turtles brought in are caused by cars. These turtles spend a lot of time on land. And they do travel many kilometers on land for a variety of reasons, to find a nesting spot, or to hang out for the summer or winter. Turtles know where they want to go. So, just keep them going in the direction they want to go and you may have saved a turtle’s life,” Dr. Sue said.
Once an injured turtle arrives at the center, there are medical facilities (设备) ready to go, including an X-ray machine. That’s when the team gets to work with healing injuries, and help their patient.
20．Why did the author stop the car?
A．To help the turtle.
B．To see the thing clearly.
C．To prevent a car accident.
D．To find something good.
21．What happened to the turtle?
A．It got hurt by people previously.
B．It was injured a little bit.
C．It was run over by a car.
D．It lost its direction.
22．What did Dr. Sue suggest at last?
A．Leaving the turtles alone.
B．Making Ontario home to turtles.
C．Changing the road conditions.
D．Helping turtles find nesting spots.
23．What does the underlined word “patient” refer to in the last paragraph?