小升初语法总复习知识点练习题之名词-基础版(含答案).docx

小升初语法 - 名词（基础篇）
考点一: 名词的分类
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人、地方、机构等的专有名称，如: John，Shanghai。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名称, 如: worker，water。

考点二：名词的数
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词又可以分为单数和复数两种形式。
1.名词复数的变化规则:
情况
构成
例词
一般情况
加-s
girl - girls book - books
以-s, -sh, -x, -ch结尾的单纯词
加-es
box - boxes watch - watches
以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词
变y为i，再加-es
family - families baby - babies
以-f或-fe结尾的单词
多数变f或fe为v，再加-es
life - lives knife - knives
以-o结尾的单词
有生命的加-es
无生命的加-s
radio - radios zoo - zoos
photo - photos
tomato - tomatoes potato - potatoes

2.复合名词变复数一般只变后面的主体名词。
如: apple trees (特殊: men teachers, women doctors)

3.常见不规则名词的复数:
man - men, woman - women, policeman - policemen, policewoman - policewomen, mouse - mice, child - children, foot - feet, tooth - teeth, fish - fish, people - people, sheep - sheep, Chinese - Chinese, Japanese - Japanese

4.不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词一般为不可数名词。
常见的不可数名词有: meat, fish, beef, drink, coffee, milk, paper, earth, light, sand, sunshine, work, money, weather, information. . .

考点三：名词所有格
1.在英语中有些名词可以通过加“s”来表示所属关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。
如: Where's Lin Tao's bike? 林涛的自行车在哪儿?

2.如果原词已经有复数词尾s，则仅仅加一个所有格符号“ ’ ”。
如: the teachers' office老师的办公室

3.如果是复数，但不带词尾s，则仍然加“'s”。
如: those men's hats 那些男士的帽子

4.如果表示各自的所属关系时，名词末尾均需加“'s”。
如: Jim's and Kate's glasses 吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜

5.如果表示共同的所属关系时，仅在最后一词的末尾加“'s”。
如: Jim and Kate's kite 吉姆和凯特的风筝（两人共同拥有的）

6.如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。
如: Shall we go to Meimei's for supper? 我们一起到梅梅家去吃晚饭, 好吗?

7.表示无生命的名词，常用“of +名词”表示所有关系。
如: This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的全家福。

【经典例题】
例1写出下列单数名词的复数形式。
pen -（　　　） foot -（　　　） tomato - (　　　) leaf - （　　　）
[答案] pens feet tomatoes leaves leaves
[名师点拨]pen是一个规则名词，它的复数形式是直接在词尾加 - s；foot为不规则变化的名词，它的复数形式是将 oo 改为 ee；tomato变复数时，应在词尾加 - es；leaf以í结尾，其复数形式应变f为v，再加 - es。

例2 I'd like _________ coffee, please.
A. cup B. cups C. a cup of
[答案] C
[名师点拨] coffee为不可数名词在表示量的时候要借助量词（名词短语）来修饰，因此应用“a cup of”。

例3 There are a lot of children in the park on _________ Day.
A. Children B. Children's C. children
[答案]B
[名师点拨] children 是 child 的复数形式，因为 children 不以s结尾，它的所有格形式为 children's，又 因“儿童节”是专有名词，所以它的首字母应大写。

例4 -- Is it the twins' bedroom?
-- Yes, it is. It's _________ .
A. Lucy and Lily's B. Lucy and Lily C. Lucy's and Lily's
[答案]A
[名师点拨]本题考查两者共同拥有一物时的所有格形式，表示两人共同拥有某物时，在后一个人名后加's。

练习
一、写出下列名词的复数形式。
1. orange _________ 2. baby _________ 3. monkey _________
4. piano _________ 5. child _________ 6. shelf _________
7. bed _________ 8. country _________ 9. family _________
10. toy _________ 11. tooth _________ 12. radio _________
13. photo _________ 14. tomato _________ 15. woman _________
16. knife _________ 17. sheep _________ 18. ship _________
19. dish _________ 20. mouse _________

二、把下面方框中的词按要求归类。
pencil box bag child drink chair bread rice apple money
water banana milk dog juice zoo coffee shoe egg girl

可数名词: _
不可数名词: _________________________________________________________

三、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. There are three _________ (chair) in the classroom.
2. My father likes to eat _________ (potato).
3. Chinese _________ (people) like to eat noodles.

4. I have two _________ (pencil-box).
5. There are some _________ (bus) in the street.
6. In autumn, you can see a lot of _________ (leaf) on the ground.
7. There are some _________ (glass) on the table.
8. I have two _________ (sister).
*9. _________ (teacher) Day is on September 10 th.
10. The _________ (child) are playing football now.

四、单项选择。
(　　　)1. I can see three _________ in the zoo.
A. monkeyes B. monkeys C. monkeies
(　　　)2. The pig has four _________.
A. foot B. feet C. foots
(　　　)3. My two brothers are _________ .
A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen
(　　　)4. I can see ten _________ in the picture.
A. sheep B. dog C. pig
(　　　)5. The _________ has three _________
A. boys ; watches B. boy ; watchs C. boy ; watches
(　　　)6. Can you see _________ on the plate?
A. bread B. breads C. breades
(　　　)7. The girl often brushes her _________ before she goes to bed.
A. tooth B. toothes C. teeth
(　　　)8. Mr. Black drinks some _________ every morning.
A. milk B. milks C. milkes
(　　　)9. There are some _________ on the floor.
A. child B. man C. books
(　　　)10. -- Canyouspeak _________ ? -- Yes, I can.
A. China B. Chinese C. America
(　　　)11. I want to drink two _________ .
A. cups of water B. cup of water C. cups of waters
(　　　)12. The cat ate two _________ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse
(　　　)13. I need a pen and some _________.
A. pencils B. desk C. chair
(　　　)14. They come from different _________.
A. countrys B. countries C. country
(　　　)15. How many _________ can you see in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato
(　　　)16. There is no _________ in the bowl.
A. apples B. oranges C. rice
(　　　)17. I like to eat cake with _________ .
A. cherries B. cherry C. cherrys
(　　　)18. My _________ room is next to the reading room.
A. teacher B. teacher's C. teachers
(　　　)19. The man writes lots of books. He is a _________.
A. secretary B. coach C. writer
(　　　)20. -- What would you like to drink? -- I'd like _________.
A. some hamburgers B. some fish C. some water
(　　　)21. I have a few _________ on the desk.
A. a storybook B. storybook C. storybooks
(　　　)22. The woman in a black dress is _________ mother.
A. Lucy and Lily's B. Lucy's and Lily C. Lucy's and Lily
(　　　)23. -- Would you like beef and _________ noodles?
-- No. But I like noodles with beef and _________.
A. carrot ; tomato B. carrot ; tomatoes C. carrots ; tomatoes
(　　　)24. -- Can I help you, madam? -- I want _________.
A. two boxes of apple B. two glass of water C. two bowls of porridge

答案
一、 1. oranges 2. babies 3. monkeys 4. pianos 5. children 6. shelves 7. beds 8. countries 9. families 10. toys 11. teeth 12. radios 13. photos 14. tomatoes 15. women 16. knives 17. sheep 18. ships 19. dishes 20. mice

二、 可数名词：pencil box bag child chair apple banana dog zoo shoe egg girl
不可数名词： drink bread rice money water milk juice coffee

三、 1. chairs 2. potatoes 3. people 4. pencil-boxes 5. buses 6. leaves 7. glasses 8. sisters 9. Teachers’ 10. children

四、 B B C A C A C A C B A B A B B C A B C C A B C