专题13-人与环境-2024年高考英语一轮复习主题词汇&阅读一遍过.docx

话题十三 人与环境
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1.temporary adj.______________
2. tendency n.______________
3.tender adj.______________
4. tension n.______________
5. terror n.______________
6. territory n.______________
7.terminal n.______________ adj.______________
8.theoretical adj.______________
9.thorough adj.______________
10.thriller n.______________
11. thunder n.______________
12.tightly adv.______________
13.tissue n.______________
14.soil n.______________
15. consumption n.______________
16.atmosphere n.______________
17.agriculture n.______________
18.towel n.______________
19.tap n.______________
20.tease v.______________
21.thermos n.______________
22.tolerate v.______________
23.undertake v.______________
24.______________adj.有天资的；有才能的；多才的；有本领的
25.______________adj.美味的；高雅的；有趣的；可口的
26.______________n.体温；温度；气温；发烧
27.______________v.趋向，倾向于……;照料，照顾
28.______________adv.非常；可怕地；极度地
29.______________adj.艰苦的；顽强的；坚强的，不屈不挠的；坚韧的，牢固的；强壮的，结实的
30.______________n.主题；题目；主旋律
31.______________adv.因此；所以
32.______________adj.渴的，口干的；渴望的，热望的
33.______________n.威胁；恐吓
34.______________n.喉咙；嗓子，嗓音；窄路
35.______________prep.遍及；自始至终adv.到处
36._________--_________--____________v抛；扔；投；掷；举行(派对)
37.______________adj.整齐的；相当大的v.整理；收拾；弄整齐
38.______________adj.令人厌倦的；烦人的，无聊的；令人讨厌的
39.______________n.标题；书名；冠军；头衔；权利；字幕v.加标题；赋予头衔；把……称为
40.______________n.技术；工艺；术语
41.at one time_____________________
42.for the time being_____________________
43.立即；马上(time)_____________________
44.随时；总是(time)_____________________
45.at no time_____________________
46.把……拴到……_____________________
47.投身于；积极从事_____________________
48.把……看作……(think)_____________________
49._对……高度评价(think)_____________________
50.首先……再者……_____________________
51.从那时起_____________________
52.感谢某人所做的事__
53.与……关系很好_____________________
54.从长远/眼前看_____________________
55.tell..apart/tell...from.._____________________
56.把信撕成碎片_____________________
57.说服某人做(不做)某事_____________________
58.母语_____________________
59.be tired of the urban/city life_____________________
60. treat sb.to dinner._____________________
61._____________________国际关系
62._____________________外交事务
63._____________________环保的
64.at home and abroad_____________________
65. with the arrival of globalization of economy_____________________
66.develop renewable resources_____________________
67.deal with rubbish properly_____________________
68.improve one's living conditions_____________________
69.achieve the highest growth_____________________
70.intercultural communication_____________________
词汇拓展
1.tend v.往往会；常常就；趋向；走向；倾向；趋于；照料；照管
It___________to get very cold here in the winter.这里冬天往往会很冷。
Prices have___________downwards over recent years.近年来物价趋于下降。
For years he___________her in her painful illness.多年来她一直受到病痛的折磨，都是他在照料。
【辨析】
tend,attend区别
tend指照看人、动物或事物(用于此义时有过时之嫌),通常后接介词to。
attend尤指照顾病人、处理伤口等，强调具有专业技能和责任心，常用被动语态。
The shepherd is tending to his sheep.牧羊人在看管他的羊群。
Their wounds had been attended before the men were brought here.
伤员在送来这里之前，伤口已得到了处理。
2.tough adj.艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的；严厉的；强硬的；无情的；坚强的；健壮的；能吃苦耐劳的；坚韧不拔的
Don't be too___________on him—he was only trying to help.
别对他要求过严，他只是想帮忙。
I think moms show___________love because they expect a lot out of us!
我认为妈妈们都望子成龙所以才展现出严厉的爱。
He seems to be the___________of all the children.
他似乎是所有孩子中最结实的。
This meat is___________.这肉吃不动。
It's___________finding a job these days.近来很难找到工作。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.John mentioned several judges' names,___________he didn't think highly of.
2.He picked up the sheets of paper, and balled them___________(tight)in his fists.
3.You should take out travel insurance covering you and your family___________theft.
4.Nuo is an ancient culture form which___________(title)as"fossil of Chinese drama".
5.Thank you for___________(write)and allowing me to clarify the present position.
二、翻译句子
1. Another temporary discount may not be what you want,but at least it is a bird in the hand.
_________________________________________________________________
2.我好久没有看她，一来路太远，二来没工夫。(for one thing...;for another...)
________________________________________________
3.任我们怎样劝说，他也不听。(persuade)
_________________________________________________________________
4.我喜欢城市，但厌倦那里的噪音和空气污染。(get tired of)
_________________________________________________________________
参考答案
单词&短语
1.暂时的；临时的 2.趋势；倾向 3.和善的；软的 4.拉伸；紧张程度 5.惊恐；恐惧 6.领土；版图 7.n.航站楼adj.最终的 8理论上的 9.完全的；彻底的 10.惊险(恐怖)小说/电影 11.n.雷声v.打雷 12.紧紧地 13.组织；面巾纸 14.土壤 15.消费；消费量 16.空气；大气层；氛围 17.农业 18.毛巾 19.n.塞子；龙头v.轻拍20.取笑；戏弄 21.热水瓶 22.容忍；忍受 23.承担24.talented 25.tasty 26.temperature 27.tend 28.terribly29.tough 30.theme 31.therefore 32.thirsty 33.threat34.throat 35.throughout 36.throw—threw—thrown37.tidy 38.tiresome 39.title 40.technology41.曾经；一度 42.暂时；眼下 43.in no time 44.at all times 45.在任何时候都不 46.tie...to 47.throw one-self into 48.think of...as... 49.think highly of 50.for one thing...;for another(thing)... 51.from then on 52.thank sb. for doing sth. 53. be on good terms with 54.in the long/short term(run) 55.把……区分开56.tear the letter into/to pieces 57.persuade/talk sb. in-to sth.;persuade/talk sb. out of(doing)sth. 58.mother/native tongue/language 59.厌倦了城市生活 60.请某人吃饭 61.international relations 62.diplomatic affairs63.environment-friendly 64.国内外 65.经济全球化的到来 66.发展可再生能源 67.正确处理垃圾 68.改善某人的生活条件 69.实现最大化发展 70.跨文化交流
词汇拓展
1.tends;tended;tended
2.tough;tough;toughest;tough;tough
活学活用
一、1.whom/who2. tightly 3. against 4. is titled 5.writing
二、1.再一次临时打折可能达不到你所希望的，但至少这是已经到手的东西。
2.I haven't been to see her for a long time now. For one thing,she lives too far away;for another, I've been rather busy.
3.No matter how hard we tried to persuade him,he wouldn't listen.
4.I love cities,but get tired of the noise and air pollution there.

第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）语法填空
The United States set up the world's first national park system in 1916. Since then, it   (1)   (serve) as a model for other countries that try to protect the environment better and let people enjoy nature.
    A national park is a reserve (保护区) of land   (2)   (own) by the government and protected from human development and pollution. Now China is planning its own national park system. On Dec 5, China passed two plans for national parks   (3)   (protect) the giant panda, Siberian tiger and Amur leopard.
    But national parks are not only for animals. In mid-2015, China started to build national parks in nine provinces.   (4)   most famous one is the Sanjiangyuan national park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It aims to protect China's water source. Sanjiangyuan, or "Source of Three Rivers", is   (5)   the Yellow, Yangtze, and Lancang rivers start.
    Before this national park project, China had set aside thousands of nature parks, forests and scenic areas as protected areas.   (6)  , they haven't been managed well because too many different organizations have been involved   (7)   the protection of different areas. Under the new plan, national parks will cover big areas and include different protected areas.
    For example, the habitats of wild pandas lie in different provinces and   (8)   (divide) into even smaller pieces by railways, roads and power lines. This makes isolated panda groups more open to   (9)   (dangerous). The panda national park will cover all the habitats and make the protection of animals as comprehensive as possible.
    But this increased protection doesn't mean national parks will shut their doors to humans. Instead, the new system will offer people a chance to   (10)   (deep) feel nature.
【小题1】has been serving/has served【小题2】owned【小题3】to protect【小题4】The
【小题5】where【小题6】However【小题7】in【小题8】are divided【小题9】danger
【小题10】deeply
【知识点】副词修饰动词、其他副词、一般现在时的被动语态、动词的ed形式作定语、必备短语、必备词汇、不可数名词、不定式作目的状语、动词的-ed形式表示被动意义、不定式的一般式、副词修饰整个句子、代词作主语时的主谓一致、现在完成进行时、现在完成时、名词作主语时的主谓一致、人与环境、说明文、连接副词where引导表语从句、定冠词、in的用法
【解析】1. 依据时间状语since then可知，本句用现在完成时，强调从过去到现在；本句也可以用现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，故填has been serving/has served。
2. 本句已有谓语动词is，所以设空处用非谓语形式；而land和own是逻辑动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式表示被动。故填owned。
3. 句意：在12月5日，为了保护大熊猫、东北虎和东北豹，中国通过了两项国家公园的计划预案。此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故填to protect。
4. 句意：其中最著名的是青海西藏高原的三江源国家公园。最高级most famous前面用定冠词the。故填The。
5. where引导表语从句，where在从句中做地点状语，意思是“那里，……的地方”。故填where。
6. 句意：然而，它们没有得到很好的管理。此处是转折关系，且有逗号。故填However。
7. 句意：因为太多的不同组织参与了不同领域的保护。be  involved  in是固定搭配，意思是卷入，参与。故填in。
8. 句意：野生熊猫的栖息地位于不同的省份，并通过铁路、公路和电力线分成更小的部分。此处用一般现在时表示现在的状况；本句描述客观事实，且habitats和divide是动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are divided。
9. 句意：这使得隔离开的熊猫群更加危险。此处需要名词做to的宾语，danger危险。故填danger。
10. 此处需要副词做状语，修饰动词feel，deeply深刻地。故填deeply。

（B）七选五
Gardening can be a fun and rewarding activity for people of all ages, but it can be especially beneficial for children.
Gardening enhances children’s senses and motor skills. In addition to being able to touch the soil, use various tools and seeds, children can also spot the differences between different plants, and hear sounds of different insects.____1____. Gardening activities like digging, planting, watering, and weeding can stimulate movements of the body, particularly arms and hands, and help children learn about the natural world.
____2____. Children’s curiosity about plants starts with the first seed they sow. They learn about natural process by observing the growth and fruit ripen. They also come to appreciate the vital role of insects and worms for plants and recognize that everything in nature is connected.
Plant care fosters (培养) patience and responsibility.____3___, and children learn what it means to be responsible for something to help ensure its health. Gardening also teaches children about caring for the environment, fostering a love and respect for nature.
Gardening promotes nutrition and healthy choices for kids. Planting and cultivating (培育) plants, picking vegetables and fruit, and involving kids in cooking with what they grew will certainly result in a wish to try and consume the food they prepared. They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves. ____4____
Gardening gives your family bonding time. Bonding with your family is so important, but it can be hard to realize with the digital age. ____5____,which contributes to parent-child relationship.
A．Plants need regular and consistent care
B．Gardening gives you a chance to dial this back
C．Children get a head start on learning about science
D．Gardening involves scientific observations and creativity
E．It provides good, healthy outdoor activity for the whole family
F．This helps children to nurture self-confidence and healthy diet habits
G．Interacting with the surrounding nature encourages the learning process
1．G    2．C    3．A    4．F    5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了园艺给孩子们带来的好处。
16．下文“Gardening activities like digging, planting, watering, and weeding can stimulate movements of the body, particularly arms and hands, and help children learn about the natural world.(像挖掘、种植、浇水和除草这样的园艺活动可以刺激身体的运动，特别是手臂和手，帮助孩子们了解自然世界)”列举了园艺活动中与周围的自然环境的互动，并说明了它们有助于孩子们去了解自然，是对G项“Interacting with the surrounding nature encourages the learning process (与周围的自然互动可以促进学习过程)”的具体说明，句上“digging, planting, watering, and weeding”照应G项中“Interacting with the surrounding nature”，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
17．设空句是段首主题句，根据下文“Children’s curiosity about plants starts with the first seed they sow. They learn about natural process by observing the growth and fruit ripen. They also come to appreciate the vital role of insects and worms for plants and recognize that everything in nature is connected.(孩子们对植物的好奇始于他们播下的第一颗种子。他们通过观察水果的生长和成熟来了解自然过程。他们也开始认识到昆虫和蠕虫对植物的重要作用，并认识到自然界的一切都是相互联系的)”可知，本段主要讲园艺可以激发孩子们对自然科学的兴趣，让他们在科学学习上有一个好的开端，故C项“Children get a head start on learning about science (孩子们在学习科学方面有一个良好的开端)”是本段内容的概括，适合作主题句。故选C项。
18．根据段首主题句“Plant care fosters (培养) patience and responsibility.(照顾植物培养耐心和责任感)”可知，本段讲照顾植物培养耐心和责任感，A项“Plants need regular and consistent care (植物需要定期和持续的照料)”承接主题句，和下文“and children learn what it means to be responsible for something to help ensure its health.(孩子们学习什么是对某事负责，以帮助确保它的健康)”一起说明照顾植物如何培养耐心和责任感，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
19．上文“They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves.(他们会很乐意尝试自己种植的蔬菜和水果)”提出孩子们会尝试自己种植的蔬菜和水果，F项“This helps children to nurture self-confidence and healthy diet habits(这有助于培养孩子的自信和健康的饮食习惯)”承接上文，说明这样做的结果，句中“healthy diet habits”照应上文“vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves”，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
20．根据下文定语从句“which contributes to parent-child relationship.(这有助于亲子关系)”可知，设空处会提到有助于亲子关系的事情，E项“It provides good, healthy outdoor activity for the whole family(它为整个家庭提供了良好、健康的户外活动)”中“good, healthy outdoor activity for the whole family”有助于培养亲子关系，同时照应主题句中“bonding time”，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。

（C）阅读理解
Our Planet Earth is full of life and has incredible biodiversity. Biological Diversity or Biodiversity is the base of human existence and fundamental to its well-being. Species are the building blocks of this life on Earth, and it is believed that the species that are at present globally found have continuously evolved over 65 million years since the Last Mass Extinction. However, the nature and extent of our planet’s biodiversity at all levels have not been completely evaluated yet. Thus, the exact number of species found in the world remains unknown. Over the years, with the advancement of scientific knowledge and the discovery of more new species, it has been approximated that there are, at present, 10 million to 14 million species on Earth, of which 1.2 million species have been data-based. This means that still more than 86％ of the terrestrial(陆生的) and 91％ of the marine species remain unknown.
Every year, taxonomists(分类学家)describe thousands of species,some of which are completely new to science, while in some cases, the species and subspecies are closely examined and determined whether they can be considered distinct species.
A study has revealed that over 99. 9% of all species amounting to more than 5 billion species that ever lived here, are believed to be extinct. At present, our planet houses millions of species, among which 86% live on land, 13% in the deep subsurface, and a mere 1% in the oceans. However, Biodiversity is not evenly distributed on Earth, and its number varies greatly on different continents.
The undiscovered and misidentified species slow our ability to understand patterns and changes in global biodiversity and the rate of species extinctions(灭绝). Even after several years of taxonomic studies, only 14% of terrestrial species and 9% of marine species have been officially added to the central database. Necessarily, some species will become extinct before researchers realize they ever existed.
1．What does the underlined word “marine” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Rare. B．Oceanic. C．Endangered. D．Novel.
2．What do taxonomists usually do?
A．Examine distribution of species.
B．Compare species from subspecies.
C．Decide the situation of the species.
D．Describe diversity of new-found species.
3．Which of the following can describe