第01讲-谓语动词(外研版2019选择必修1)(解析版).docx

第01讲 谓语动词

1. 复习动词的时态语态的结构和用法。
2. 学会正确运用时态语态考点。

一、高中常见的几种时态

现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
work(s)
work(ed)
will work
would work
进行
am/is/are working
was/were working
will be working

完成
have/has done
had done
will have done

完成进行
have/has been doing

二． 较难理解的几种时态
1.过去将来时 would do ：从过去看，在将来会发生的动作
He said that he would wait for us until we arrived.
I thought I would accept his proposal.
2.过去进行时 was/were doing ：指过去某个时刻正在进行的动作
What were you doing at 2 o’clock yesterday afternoon?
When he called me, I was having dinner.
3. 将来进行时 will be doing : 指将来某个时刻正在进行的动作

What will you be doing at 10:00 tomorrow?
This time next week, I’ll be travelling in Beijing.
4. 现在完成时： have/has done : 表示动作从过去开始，到现在已完成或一直持续到现在
The coronavirus has spread around since 2019.
The coronavirus has affected our life in the past few years.
Up to now, the scientist has not figured out the best way to beat the virus.
5. 过去完成时 had done: 表示在过去某个时刻之前，就已经完成了的动作
By the time I went home, everyone had gone to bed.
He had worked in a company before he came here to teach.
6. 将来完成时 will have done ：表示在将来的某个时刻之前，将会完成的动作
By next September, I will have stayed in this school for 15 years.
By the end of this summer course, you will have learned all the basic knowledge for the new semester.
7.现在完成进行时 have/has been doing: 强调动作从过去发生，到现在一直还在进行中
We have been discussing the question all the morning.
It has been raining for three hours.

三． 谓语动词的被动语态
被动语态基本结构： Be 动词+ 及物动词的过去分词 (及物动词短语也有被动语态)。Be 动词有人称、数 和时 态的变化
1.You are taught English by Ivy every day. (一般现在时被动语态)
2.You were taught English by your former teachers halfa year ago (一般过去时被动语态)
3. You are being taught English by Ivy now. (现在进行时的被动语态)
4. You were being taught English by your former teachers this moment last year. (过去进行时的被动语态)
5. You will be taught by your English teacher in the new school. ( 一般将来时被动语态)
6. You have been taught English by several teachers up to now. (现在完成时被动语态)
7. You had been taught English by some other teachers before you came here. (过去完成时被动语态)

考点一：一般现在时：
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
考点1： 永恒的真理 date back to
考点2： “ 主可将从必现”
时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;
条件：if, unless, provided/providing (that), so/as long as
考点3：suggest, make sure /certain that , see to it that 等＋宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时
考点4：the + 比较级…, the + 比较级… (越……就越……)
例1．
1. I learned that the earth _____ around the sun when I was in primary school.（go)
2. If he ____ the job, he will get more money soon. (accept)
3. So long as he______ hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.(work)
4. The harder you_____, the better results you will get.(study)
5. The parts of a museum open to the public　　　(call) galleries or rooms. 
【答案】are called
考点二：一般过去时：
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now
at the age of 5, one day, long, long ago, once upon a time, etc.
例2．
1. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony.
【答案】addressed考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
2. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 　　　(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 
【答案】formed　
3. And, as more children were born, more food　　　(need). 
【答案】was needed　
4. Amy, as well as her brothers, 　　　(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 
【答案】was given　
考点三：一般将来时：
时间状语： tomorrow , next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, etc
考点1： will + v. (原)
be going to do
考点2：某些表示“位置移动”的动词：arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I ______ for Beijing tomorrow (leave).
考点3： 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句
Use your head and you ______ a way (find).
句式变换(1)
(Give me )one more hour, and I’ll get the work finished.
More effort, and you will succeed.
句式变换(2)
Given one more hour, I’ll get the work finished.

例3．
1. _____ on the top of the tower and you’ll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.
A. Standing B. Stand C. To stand D. Stood
2. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given

考点四：现在完成时（重点）：have/has done; have/has been done
时间状语：in the past/last few years, lately；recently, just，up to now, till now, so far these days，for+时间段；since+过去时间点

例4．【针对练习】
(全国课标I) When you are home, give a call to let me know you _______ safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive

考点1：It/ This/ That is + 序数词+ time+ that… 表示“这是…第几次做某事”
考点2：It is the only / the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that…

针对练习:
填空:
1. It/This is my first time that I _____________ China. (visit)
2. This is the most interesting film I_____________. (see)
3. That is the only book that he ______________. (write)
单项填空:
(陕西) This is the first time we __________ film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen
考点五：被动语态考查要点
英语的语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表主语是动作的承受者。此主要讲被动语态。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象。一般说来，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态。汉语常用“被”“受”“给”“遭”“挨”等词来表被动意义。动作执行者一般由介词by引出。被动语态结构为:“助动词be+过去分词+ by +动作执行者+ with +工具”。被动语态的时态是通过be动词变化的。

构成 ：be/get + 过去分词

一般
完成
进行
现在
am/is/are done
have/has been done
am/is/are being done
过去
was/were done
had been done
was/were being done
将来
shall/will be done
shall/will have been done

过去将来
should/would be done
should/would have been done

考点1）主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。
感官动词：
使役动词：
The boss made him work all day long. ___________________________________________________.

考点2）It is said /reported/ known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that … “据说/报道…; 人们说…”
= Sb is said/reported/… to do/ to be doing/ to be done
考点3）不能用被动语态的几种情况。
①所有的不及物动词（词组） 如：happen, take place, break out等。
②表示归属的动词 如：have、own、belong to等。
考点4） 主动形式表被动意义
① feel、look、smell、taste、sound作系动词用时；
②open、lock、read、sell、write，wash等表示某物本身所具备的某种特性时。
This kind of cloth washes easily.
These novels won’t sell well.
My pen writes smoothly.
③want, require, need“需要”+ v-ing表示被动
④be(well) worth doing
⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）
考点5）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）
be lost迷路
be drunk喝醉
be dressed穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
例5．【针对练习】
（1)Microfibers(微纤维) of jeans 　　　(discover) in water samples in the past 6 months.  
【答案】have been discovered　
（2）These combined letters, which could represent those sounds and could 　　　(write) down, are defined as words. 
【答案】be written　
（3）The project 　　　(make)up of a 22.9-kilometre-long main bridge, a 5.6-kilometre-long tunnel and an artificial island off the bridge. 
【答案】 is made　
（4）Restaurants in the US are places where people 　　　(serve) with cold water, which doesn’t hurt anyone if it is spilled accidentally. 
【答案】are served　
（5）It　　　(damage) partly by natural forces like earthquakes, but the greatest damage of all has been caused by man.  
【答案】has been damaged　

题组一　动词时态
1. (2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Henry ___42__ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
2.(2022年全国甲卷)In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
3.(2022年全国乙卷)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony.
4.(2020新高考Ⅰ,38)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 　　　_______(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 
5.(2020课标全国Ⅰ, 61)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—　　　(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 
6.(2020课标全国Ⅲ, 66)As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and　　　(point) down the river. 
7.(2020浙江,61)By about 6000 BC, people　　　(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 
8.(2020浙江,65)New methods　　　(mean) that fewer people worked in farming. 
9.(2020江苏,26)Instead of getting down to a new task as I　　　(expect), he examined the previous work again.  
10.(2020天津,2)—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I　　　(practise) a lot these days.  
11. (2020天津,9)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and　　　_______(remain) around that level ever since.  
1. 【答案】was fixing考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
【答案】threw考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
2. 【答案】has walked考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
3. 【答案】addressed考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
4. 【答案】formed　
5. 【答案】touched　
6. 【答案】pointed　
7. 【答案】had discovered　
【答案】meant　
【答案】had expected　
【答案】have been practising　
【答案】has remained　
题组二　被动语态
1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.(2020新高考Ⅰ,40)The parts of a museum open to the public　　　(call) galleries or rooms. 
3.(2020课标全国Ⅰ, 67)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 　　　(construct).” 
4.(2020浙江,59)And, as more children were born, more food　　　(need). 
5.(2020天津,8)Amy, as well as her brothers, 　　　(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 
【答案】is designed考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
【答案】are called　
【答案】is constructed　
【答案】was needed　
【答案】was given

B组　提升题组
语法填空
The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest 1.　　　(admire) by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, people 2.　　　(impress) with the adobe dwellings because of their ability to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. Walls that 3.　　　(make) of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the heat 4.　　　(give) out already and walls are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle
5.　　　(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消)for the outside temperatures. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 
【答案】1.are admired　2.are impressed　3.are made　4.has been given　5.goes　

一、语法填空
　　Ocean pollution 1.　　　 (be) serious. It can kill ocean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital to focus on this issue and find ways to prevent pollution in our waters.  
Pollution in the oceans severely 2.　　　(harm) sea creatures For example, ocean animals often mistake pieces of plastic for food. As 3.　　　 result, their bellies 4.　　　(fill) with plastic from bottles, containers and beach toys. This can be deadly to the animals. 
Ocean pollution 5.　　　(cause)risks to humans, too. Polluted water can result 6.　　　disease among swimmers. Also, people eat fish which might 7.　　　(poison) with harmful chemicals from oil leaks and rubbish in sea water.  
Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious, believing that the oceans are so vast that they can absorb all kinds of pollution. However, the many examples of ocean creatures 8.　　　(kill) by pollution prove them wrong. 
In 9.　　　(conclude), it’s clear that ocean pollution is a 10.　　　(challenge)problem. We need to learn more about how to stop it. 
【答案】1.is　2.harms　3.a　4.are filled　5.causes　6.in　7.be poisoned　8.killed　9.conclusion　10.challenging　
二．完成句子
1.(2020新高考Ⅰ)Last Sunday, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们学校举行了) a five-kilometer cross-country running race.  
【答案】our school held
2.(2020课标全国Ⅰ)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我们周围有很多人) who are well worth respecting.  
【答案】There are many people around us
3.(2020课标全国Ⅲ) If possible, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们可以和你在你的办公室见面吗) at 10 a.m. tomorrow?  
【答案】shall we meet you in your office
4.(2020课标全国Ⅱ)Surrounded by green trees, the farm 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(位于……脚下) the hill near our school. 
【答案】is located/lies at the foot of
5.(2020课标全国Ⅲ) I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(现在写信向你求助) with our short English play adapted from our English textbook.  
【答案】am writing to ask for your help
6.(2020课标全国Ⅰ)She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(已经取得了巨大成就) in her work and 　　　　　(赢得尊重) from her students. 
【答案】has made great achievements; has won respect
7.(2020新高考Ⅰ)上星期天,我们学校举行了一场五公里越野跑比赛。
Last Sunday, a five-kilometer cross-country running race 　　　　 　　.  
【答案】was held by our school
8.(2020课标全国Ⅱ)绿树环抱,这个农场非常漂亮。
The farm 　　　　 　　and it is very beautiful.  
【答案】is surrounded by green trees
9.(2020课标全国Ⅰ) 因为他的善良和对工作的奉献,他受到所有学生的尊重。
He　　　　 　　 because of his kindness and devotion to his work.  
【答案】is respected by all his students
10 .(2020课标全国Ⅲ)我们的英语短剧将于下周日表演。
Our short English play 　　　 　　　next Sunday.  
【答案】will be performed

三．完美文章：
Dear Tom,
How are you?
I’m writing to ask you to do me a favour. I have made some Chinese knots myself, and 　1 　(它们可以用来做装饰品). I hope you can help me sell them in your Internet store. 
　2 　(这些中国结是用很好的红丝制成的), each one about three centimeters across. As we all know, a Chinese knot means reunion, friendliness, warmth, peace and love, so I think　3 　(它们会卖得很好). Each Chinese knot I will send to you is worth about one dollar. Among them there are two 　4 　(它们是给你的). Would you like to sell them for me? 
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
1.they can be used as decorations
2.These Chinese knots