专题03-代词(通用)(解析版).docx

专题03 代词
《考点•题型 •技巧》

考向分析

代词在近年高考试题中出现频率非常高。代词的考查集中在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查代词的主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词和反身代词。

复习建议

1. 掌握冠词的基本用法；
2. 掌握冠词的习惯用法；
3. 掌握冠词的活用；
4. 多做练习，提高熟悉语境的能力
考点导航

◆代词的考查要点
代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
考点01人称代词
人称代词形式
数、格
人称
单数
复数

主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
your

第三人称
he
him

they

them
she
her
it
it
1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。
2.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
在并列主语中，＂I＂总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。
考点02物主代词
物主代词形式
意义
类别
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers

ours
yours
theirs
1. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”可单独充当句子的主语，表语和宾语。
考点03反身代词
反身代词形式
人称
数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself/herself/itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。
3.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
考点04 相互代词(each other，one another)
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s，one another’s，作定语。
一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。
考点05指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
1.指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。
①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
④this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。

1.明确指代
在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑：
（1）代词指代的对象是人还是物，与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类；
（2）代词指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词；
（3）代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。
2.理清逻辑
需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑:
（1）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；
（2） 代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。
【题型分析】

1.In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _________ in the UK.
A. that B. this
C. one D. it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系不太相同。指代上文的名词education system，是同类不同物，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。this表示＂近指＂，one泛指可数名词单数，it特指上文提到的名词。故选A。
2. Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _______ this morning.
A. it　　　　　　　　 B. those C. one D. that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知，此处指上句提到的＂一起交通事故＂，故用one代替。即C项正确。
3. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy _______.
A. one B. it C. this D. that
【答案】B
【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意：我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子，但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。
4. The meeting will be held in September, but ______ knows the date for sure.
A. everybody B. nobody
C. anybody D. somebody
【答案】B
【解析】句意：会议将在九月份举行，但是没有人知道确切日期。根据两句话之间的并列连词but可知，前后语意是转折关系，虽然都知道是在九月份，但是没有人知道具体的日期。
5. Niki is always full of ideas, but ______ is useful to my knowledge.
A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none
【答案】D
【解析】句意：Niki总是有各种想法，但没有一个对我的认知有帮助。nothing泛指＂什么东西都没有＂；no one泛指＂没有人＂；neither指的是＂两者都不＂；none则特指没有特定的人或物，范围是三者或三者以上。语境中full of ideas指的是三者或三者以上，因此none符合题意，故选D。

1. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.
【答案】another改为other
【解析】他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。
2.As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in history or 43. (walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
3.Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.
【答案】myself改为my/the
【解析】句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。
4.Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. ＂Not that way，＂ my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t tum out as I had wished.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me.
5.But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
【答案】he改成she。
【解析】考查代词。考查代词。句意：但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”，是女性，所以he改成she。
6.As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。
7.Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
【答案】all →both或者all去掉
【解析】因为主语是两个人，所以用both表示两者都，而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将all去掉也可以。
8.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.

【答案】your →my
【解析】全文介绍的是“我”的故事，因此这里应该是“我”高中时期的回忆。

1.Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】its
【解析】考查物主代词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。根据70空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
2.The mother continued to care for the young panda (for) more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 48 (it) mother for food.
【答案】its
【解析】句意：小熊猫不再需要妈妈的食物。修饰名词要用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
3.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 　　(it) mother.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知,此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。
4.Many westerners __57____come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realized how cheap ___58___can be to eat out.
【答案】58. it.
【解析】句意：一旦他们意识到在外面吃饭有多么便宜。考查it的用法。空格处是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to eat out。
5.Many westerners 57 （who/that） come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。
6.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 　67　every day.
【答案】it
【解析】根据上文“the railway quickly”可知，此处用it代替the railway。
检测训练

Ⅰ、单项选择
1. “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, ______ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.
A. the one that B. one that
C. one D. the one
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词的用法。one表示泛指，相当于“aan)+名词”，代替的是同类事物中的“一个”；that表示特指，相当于“the+名词”；代词one=" a/" an +n处one="a" product-making power；而________driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity中driven by 只是一个非谓语短语（be driven by 被……驱使）作定语，因此不需要连词引导。所以排除A、 B。one表示泛指，相当于“the+名词”可以排除D。句意：“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。故选C。
2．The mistakes made by Chinese students are quite different from _______ made by Japanese students in English study.
A.it B.that C.ones D.those
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。句意:在英语学习中,中国学生所犯的错误与日本学生所犯的错误是迥然不同的。分析句意及句子结构可知,空处在句中特指日本学生所犯的错误,且为复数概念,故应填those。
【名师点金】①it代替前面出现的"同名同物"的名词,表示特指概念,相当于"the/this/that/my等+可数名词单数";②that代替前面提到的"同类异物"的可数名词单数或不可数名词,表示特指,相当于"the+可数名词单数/不可数名词";③one代替前面出现的"同类异物"的可数名词单数,相当于"a/an+可数名词单数",表示泛指概念,其复数形式是ones;④those代替前面提到的可数名词复数,表示特指概念,相当于"the+可数名词复数",也相当于the ones。
3．—_________that students are interested in should be encouraged.
—_________. Sometimes we should make it clear what is not allowed.
A.Anything; I can’t agree more B.Nothing; That’s for sure
C.Not all; I can’t agree D.Not everything; Exactly
【答案】D
【解析】考查部分否定和情景交际。句意：——不是学生们感兴趣的每一件事都应该被鼓励。——的确如此。有时我们应该弄清楚什么是不允许的。Not everything是部分否定，表示“不是每一件事都……”，Exactly表示对对方观点的肯定。

4．Before _______ stood a terrible man; the little girl could do nothing _______.
A.she;but cry B.her;but cry
C.she;but to cry D.her;but crying
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词和非谓语动词。句意：一个可怕的人站在面前，这个小女孩除了哭什么也不能做。表示方位的介词短语置于句首，句子使用完全倒装，before置句首，故空格处是介词before的宾语，作宾语用人称代词的宾格，故第一空填her；“do nothing but do sth.”表示“除了做某事什么也做不了”，but是介词，后可以接不定式作宾语，如果前文中有实义动词do的形式，则省略不定式符号to。故选B。
5．The yield of the new rice is much greater than of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.
A.one B. that C. it D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查替代词。句意：这种新水稻比种植在巴基斯坦的其他种类的水稻的产量高得多。one泛指上文的提到的可数名词单数；that特指上文提到的可数名词或者不可数名词；it指代同一名词；what是连词。空格指代上文提到的yield，特指在其他种类水稻的产量，故用that。故选B。
Ⅱ、语法填空
For those 　1　have seen War for the Planet of the Apes, it’s easy to come to this conclusion---the movie isn’t about war or the planet, and it’s not 　2　(necessary) even about the apes. The movie is about 　3　(survive) and the choices we all make when one wants to survive, good or bad.
With a story that should have been full of conflict and violence, it takes a different approach. You may find 　4　(you) exposed to small pockets of action. While recent sci-fi movies have become 　5　(know) for their action and scenes, War for the Planet of the Apes has taken science fiction 　6　a thoughtful and intelligent direction.
War for the Planet of the Apes may not be the action and monster film that you had in mind, 　7　it’s the kind of film that will make you want to sit in silence in the theater for a few minutes after it ends taking in 　8　you’ve just witnessed.
The few movies that have that effect 　9　(be) usually about humans, but this film enables people 　10　(feel) that way about apes. And that is what makes it a masterpiece.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电影《猩球崛起3：终极之战》。
1. who 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词为those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
2. necessarily 考查副词。修饰动词或形容词用副词，故填necessarily。
3. survival 考查名词。此处用名词作宾语，表示抽象意义的“生存、幸存”，故填survival。
4. yourself 考查代词。此处与前面的You指的是一个人，所以用反身代词，故填yourself。
5. known 考查形容词。be known for表示“因……而众所周知”。
6. in 考查介词。in direction表示“朝……的方向”。
7. but 考查连词。前后句意可知，前后是转折关系，所以用but连接。
8. what 考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。
9. are 考查主谓一致。主语是The few movies，be动词用复数，且为一般现在时态，故填are。
10. to feel 考查非谓语动词。enable sb to do表示“使某人能够做……”。
Ⅲ、短文改错
1.I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before we succeed eventually.
【答案】：
I think that accepting failure is we need to do first before we succeed eventually.
【解析】：
第二个that→what 表语从句中缺少do的宾语，表示"……的事物"，而that在名词性从句中无意义，不作任何成分，故把that改为what。
2.We should be grateful to them in return for which they have done for us.
【答案】：We should be grateful to them in return for they have done for us.
【解析】：
分析句子结构可知,第一个for后接宾语从句，从句中done后缺少宾语,表示“……的事情”，应用what引导该从句，故将which改成what。
3.The father and his son all shook my hand and thanked me again and again.
【答案】：
The father and his son shook my hand and thanked me again and again.
【解析】：
all→both The father and his son 是两个人，all 用于三者或三者以上，both用于两者，故把all改为both。
4.People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with their attention focused on the mobile phones, quite unaware of that is going on around them.
【答案】：
People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with their attention focused on the mobile phones, quite unaware of is going on around them.
【解析】：
that→what句意:各个年龄的人快乐地走在人行道上，注意力集中在手机上，丝毫没有意识到他们身边正发生着什么。第二个of后接宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，意为"……的事情"，故用what。
5.I miss you very much and thus I’m writing to tell you anything about my new life at college.
【答案】：I miss you very much and thus I’m writing to tell you  about my new life at college.
【解析】：句意:我非常想念你,于是写信告诉你关于我大学新生活的一些事情肯定句中用something;anything —般用于疑问、否定或条件句中.
6.From that I understand， people are destroying thousands of square kilometers of trees every day.
【答案】：From I understand, people are destroying thousands of square kilometers of trees every day.
【解析】：
分析句子结构可知，from后引导宾语从句，从句中understand后缺少宾语,表示“……的东西”，应用what引导该从句， 故将that改为what。
7.My uncle gave my cousins and me some wine and said,“Now enjoy yourself, but don’t get drunk! ”
【答案】：My uncle gave my cousins and me some wine and said,“Now enjoy , but don’t get drunk! ”
【解析】：句意:我的叔叔给我和我的堂兄们一些酒说: “现在尽情享受吧.但是别喝醉了!”根据my cousins and me可知不止一个人.因此yourself应改为复数形式.
8.Buses should have its own special lanes to facilitate public transport.
【答案】：
Buses should have own special lanes to facilitate public transport.
【解析】：
its—their此处代词指代复数名词Buses，表示"它们的"，应用their。
9.John is a taxi driver in London. Last week her mother gave him two tickets for a play.
【答案】：
John is a taxi driver in London. Last week mother gave him two tickets for a play.
【解析】：
her→his根据语境可知，修饰mother，指代男性John的形容词性物主代词应用his。要注意代词性别的一致性。
10.Sometimes it is necessary to read a book more than once in order to absorb it’s full benefit.
【答案】：
Sometimes it is necessary to read a book more than once in order to absorb full benefit.
【解析】：
It’s→its句意:有时，为了充分吸收一本书的益处，你有必要多读一遍。修饰名词benefit应用形容词性物主代词its。
11.We Chinese people call us descendants of the dragon, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough to succeed.
【答案】：
We Chinese people call descendants of the dragon, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough to succeed.
【解析】：
us→ourselves句意:我们中国人自称龙的后裔，希望我们能足够勇敢和强大以获得成功。句子的主语和宾语指同一人时，宾语应用反身代词。
12.A man was selling fresh fish and a lot of buyers were crowding around him choosing what he wanted.
【答案】：
A man was selling fresh fish and a lot of buyers were crowding around him choosing what wanted.
【解析】：
he→they根据语境可知，宾语从句中应用代词指代前文的名词buyers,故用复数形式they。
13.He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.
【答案】：
He had a deep voice, which set apart from others in our small town.
【解析】：
himself→him which 指代先行词 a deep voice，set 的宾语与set的主语不是指代同一个人，故此处不能用反身代词。
14.Last month,I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed it because her parents didn’t have money to buy her new clothes.
【答案】：Last month,I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed  because her parents didn’t have money to buy her new clothes.
【解析】：句意:上个月,我把我的一些衣服给了一个有需要的女孩子,因为她的父母没有钱给她买新衣服指代some of my clothes应用them.