Unit-3-Family-matters-第2课时-Using-language(教师版).docx

Unit 3 Family matters
3.2 Using language
目标导航

重点
词汇和词转
1．judge v．认为，判断→judgement n．意见；判断力；审判
2．currently adv. 现时，当前→current adj.现在的
3．regularly adv. 经常→regular adj.定期的，有规律的
4．responsible adj.(对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的→responsibility n．责任，职责，义务
5．nation n．国家→national adj.国家的，民族的
6．aim v．力求达到n．目标；目的→aimless adj.无目标的；无计划的
7．observe vt. 观察，过(节日、生日等)→observation n．观察；监视→observer n．观察者
8．apologies v．道歉→apology n．道歉
9．memory n．记忆，回忆→memorise vt.记住，记忆，背熟
10. strong adj. 强壮的→strength n. 长处，优势→strengthen v．增强，加强

重点词组
1. hear from sb.收到某人的来信
2. work on 从事
3. be busy with 忙于
4. be related to 和......有关
5. make up for 补偿，弥补
6. be worried about 担忧，担心
7. in fact 事实上
8. draw up 绘制
9. in the future 在将来
10. in the past 在过去
11. kind of有点儿，有几分，相当
12. in one’s thirties 在某人三十多岁时

重点
语法
常考时态句式：（课文原句）
1. I’ve decided not to go to university.
2. You said that you wanted to be a professional football player.
3. You will have two opinions for your future.
4. You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that’s only because you are a lawyer.
5. Grandfather and father, seated at the table, are playing chess.

知识精讲

知识点01 重点词汇
考点1：responsible adj. 负责任的
be responsible for sth
take the responsibility for sth.
例1．【一句多译】
她的部门负责监督各市政会的工作。
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
答案：
Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.
Her department takes responsibility for overseeing the councils.

考点2：aim v. 力求达到，瞄准 n. 目标，目的
Aim at doing sth
Aim to do sth
Be aimed at doing
Without aim
With the aim of...
Achieve one’s aim
区别： aim purpose goal target

例2．【一句多译】
这项活动旨在减少交通事故。
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
答案：
This campaign is aimed at reducing traffic accidents.
This campaign aims to traffic accidents.
考点3：Observe(v):庆祝；过（节日，生日等）；观察；注意到；观测；遵守；奉行

Observe sb doing sth:
Observe sb do sth:
Observe that...:发现......
例3．【单句填空】
1. Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still the traditional customs.
2. She spent years and recording their daily activities.
3. As a middle school student, he should the school rules and traffic regulations.
4. Officers observed him at 90 miles per hour.(驾车)

知识点02 重点词组
考点1： be related to 和....有关
Be connected with
Be linked to
Be associated with
Have something to do with
例1．【一句多译】
以后， 工资的增加将和业绩挂钩。
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
答案：
In the future, pay increases will be related to productivity.
考点2： make up for 补偿，弥补

Make up
Be made up of..
Be made of
Be made from
Be made by..
Be made in..
Be made into...
Make sb do sth=sb be made to do sth
例2．【一句多译】
我们班由60人构成。
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
答案：
Our class is made up of 60 students.

知识点03 重点语法
考点一：一般现在时：
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
考点1： 永恒的真理
考点2： “ 主可将从必现”
时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;
条件：if, unless, provided/providing (that), so/as long as
考点3：make sure /certain that , see to it that 等＋宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时
考点4：the + 比较级…, the + 比较级… (越……就越……)
例1．【单句填空】
1. I learned that the earth _____ around the sun when I was in primary school.（go)
2. If he ____ the job, he will get more money soon. (accept)
3. So long as he______ hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.(work)
4. The harder you_____, the better results you will get.(study)

考点二、 一般过去时：
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now,
at the age of 5, one day, long, long ago, once upon a time, etc.
例2．【针对练习】
1.(全国I) Edward, you play so well. But I __________ you played the piano.
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. don’t know D. haven’t known

2.(北京) Scientists have many theories about how the universe __________ into being.
A. came B. was coming C. had come D would come

3.(北京) When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ________ up, her voice had been full of life.
A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang

考点三、一般将来时：
时间状语： tomorrow , next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, etc
考点1： will + v. (原)
be going to do
考点2：某些表示“位置移动”的动词：arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I ______ for Beijing tomorrow (leave).
考点3： 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句
Use your head and you ______ a way (find).
句式变换(1)
(Give me )one more hour, and I’ll get the work finished.
More effort, and you will succeed.
句式变换(2)
Given one more hour, I’ll get the work finished.

例3．【针对练习】
1. _____ on the top of the tower and you’ll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.
A. Standing B. Stand C. To stand D. Stand

2. time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given

。
考点四、 现在进行时： am/is/are doing; am/is/are being done
时间状语：now, at the moment, these days等

小贴士：主要考查根据上下文语境来判断
例4．【针对练习】

(陕西) It is reported that many a new house ____ at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built
考点: 频度副词，如always, constantly, continually等和现在进行时态连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。

考点五、 过去进行时：was/were doing; was/were being done
表示过去某个时间或某段时间正在做或一直在做的某事。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的一般过去时的时间状语从句等。

例5．【针对练习】
1.(四川) The telephone _________, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.
A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung

2.(全国II) --Is this anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.
-- Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _______ of my friends back home.
A. have just thought B. was just thinking
C. would just think D. will just be thinking

考点六、现在完成时（重点）：have/has done; have/has been done
时间状语：in the past/last few years, lately；recently, just，up to now, till now, so far, these days，for+时间段；since+过去时间点
例6．【针对练习】
(全国课标I) When you are home, give a call to let me know you _______ safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive

考点1：It/ This/ That is + 序数词+ time+ that… 表示“这是…第几次做某事”
考点2：It is the only / the best worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that…

针对练习:
填空:
1. It/This is my first time that I _____________ China. (visit)
2. This is the most interesting film I_____________. (see)
3. That is the only book that he ______________. (write)
单项填空:
(陕西) This is the first time we __________ film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen

考点七 、现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
例7．【针对练习】
1. I’m sure you will do better in the test because you _______ so hard this year.
A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studying
2. I’m tired out. I _______ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping

温馨小贴士：
1. 多表说话人的态度、感情色彩
2. 现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态同时出现常选后者
3. 和一般过去时态的区别
考点八、过去完成时（重点）：had done; had been done
时间状语：(1) three years before,
(2) by+ 过去时间
the end of + 过去时间
the time that….(过去时间)
(3) when, before引导的时间状语从句

考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than
考点二：It/This/ That was the 序数词+ time + that…
考点三： had hoped to do / that… 表示未曾实现的愿望、打算和意图。
类似动词：expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 等
I had meant to go away but couldn’t get rid of the children.

拓展：v. + to have done (以上动词适用)
I wanted to have seen you off at the airport but I got there too late.
例8．【针对练习】
1) There_________ 25 parks in our city up till 2000. (be)
2) By the end of last term we __________ the book. (finish)
3) They finished earlier than we ___________. (expect)
4) I had __________ my work when he came to see me. (finish)
5) I had no sooner got into the room than it __________ to snow.(begin)
6) No sooner________ I _______home than the telephone rang. (arrive) （注意主谓倒装）
7) That was the second time that she ____________her grandfather. (see)
8) It _________ 3 years since we parted. ( be)
9) I ________ that I could do the job. ( hope)
10) I _________ to see you but I was too busy. (intend)
九、 过去将来时态： would do; was/ were going to do
十、 Will be doing

巩固练习：
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.A representative who 　　　(see) his performance before thought he could replace another star who intended to leave. 
2.It 　　　(be) a tradition since the kings in the eighth and ninth centuries stopped trading. 
3.Additionally, the kinds of facial make-up(脸谱) 　　　(be) the most particular art in Peking opera. 
4.It is said Lu Ban, who lived in the Spring and Autumn Period, 　　　(invent) the kite. 
5.Especially famous is the wall built in 220—206 BC. Little of that wall 　　　(remain). 
6.According to the letter, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative 　　　(help) to promote “equality for all children in the next generation”.  
7.The humble man 　　　(refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should. 
8.Tea from China, along with her silk and porcelain (瓷器), began to be known to the world more than a thousand years ago and since then it 　　　 (be) an important Chinese export. 
9.It 　　　(become) separated from Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC. 
10.(江苏,22)The musician along with his band members　　　(give)ten performances in the last three months. 

Ⅰ.单句填空答案：
【答案】1had seen2has been3are4invented5remains6will help7refused8has been9had become10. has given
1. My sister bought a kind of cloth. This kind of cloth _______.
A. fell very soft B. feels very soft C. is felt very soft D. feels very softly
2. I’d rather you ________tomorrow.
A. came B. come C. comes D. coming
3. Betty will ring me up when she ______ in Beijing.
A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive
4. Do you know if _______back next week? If he ______ back, please let me know.
A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come
5. I have a lot of work to do, because I _______tomorrow.
A. leave B. am leaving C. would leave D. leaving
6. I have left the company, and now I _____ in the bank.
A. work B. am working C. have worked D. is working
7. Mary _______a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B, is making C. was making D. make
8. It is the third time that the boy______.
A. was late B. has been late C. is late D. had been late
9. Don't worry. Your package  _______ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
 A. will keep          B. has kept           C. will be kept       D. has been kept
10. Great changes _________ in Tongren in the past five years.
A. have happened B. have taken place C. have been happened D. have been taken place
11. By the end of last term we __________ the book. (finish)
12. This kind of cloth ________ easily. (wash)
13. Great changes ________since you_______.
A. have taken place, have left B. have been taken place, have left C. have taken place, left

综合应用练习

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ____41____ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ____42____ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,____43____ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over____44____ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ____45____ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been____46____ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ____47____every day.
Later, engineers ____48____ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ____49____ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _____50_____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【答案】41. crowds
42. from 43. laying
44. the 45. were used
46. fairly 47. it
48. managed
49. introduction
50. successful
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
【41题详解】
考查名词。crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。to and from来回，故填from。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式作宾语，故填laying。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。top是名词，前要用冠词，特指“在（道路的）顶上”。故填the。
【45题详解】
考查时态语态。根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物，主语Steam engines与谓语动词use是被动关系，主语是复数，根据语境用一般过去时，故填were used.
【46题详解】
考查副词。这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly。
【47题详解】
考查代词。这里用it指代前句的railway，故填it。
48题详解】
考查动词时态。本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。
【49题详解】
考查名词。空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。空格前是most，其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。

Passage 2
These days, 　1　 women and men were surrounded by magazines and websites full of tips on dieting, exercise and fashion. Gone 　2　 (be) the days when all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things 　3　 (change).  
Now, a survey has suggested that 80% of men_____4___(admit)being unhappy about their bodies. The biggest body issues for them are beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think this sudden vanity is due to the pressure or influence of models we 　5　 (see) on TV and in magazines. People end up 　6　 a perception of what the perfect body should look like. But not everybody 　7　 (want) to put in the effort to have perfect muscles 　8　 Arnold Schwarzenegger. An opportunistic designer has even 　9　 (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt to make the buyer look more of a hunk(猛男).  
But Joe Warner, the former editor of Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept that they need to do more exercise regularly. Exercise is always good. But we mustn’t forget beauty is only skin-deep. Character is 　10　 (important) than appearance. 

【答案】
1.both2.are3.have changed 4. admit 5.see/have seen6.with7.wants8.like9.invented10.more important