第04讲-动词ing形式作宾语和表语(选修第一册)(解析版).docx

第04讲 动词ing形式作宾语和表语

1．了解动词ing形式作宾语和表语的概念和用法。
2．可以根据本节课的内容来完成一些习题。

关于动词ing形式的基本情况
(1)．动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
(2)．动词ing形式的时态和语态。Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Having studied his lessons very hard, he passed the exam.
努力学习了功课, 他通过了考试。
The building being built now will be finished next month.
正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。
Having been laughed at for his lameness, the boy became shy and inhibited.
那男孩因跛脚被人讥笑, 变得羞怯。
【归纳用法】
动词ing形式作表语
1、v-ing形式作表语，表示主语的内容是什么。
Their job is building houses.
The real question is getting to know the needs of the people.
2、v-ing形式作表语，表示主语所具有的特征。
This story is very interesting.
The problem is quite puzzling.
3、 注意：分词作表语有两种情况一种是-ing形式作表语，一种是-ed形式作表语。
-ing形式用来描述事物的特征，表示“令人...的”，-ed形式用来描述人的感受，表示“感到...的”。
如：exciting 令人激动的 excited 兴奋的
interesting 使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的
exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的
disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的
动词ing形式作宾语
1、v-ing形式在句中既可以用作动词后面的宾语，也可以用作介词后面的宾语。
常用v-ing形式作宾语的动词有：mind, admit, practice, risk, miss, avoid, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, suggest, appreciate, delay, imagine, keep, resist, deny, look forward to，insist on，set about等。
2、 常见的动介词搭配+-ing形式：look forward to，insist on，set about， can't help,，be proud of，be responsible for，keep on，think of，dream of，hear of，prevent…from，keep…from，stop…from，be engaged in，depend on，thank…for，aim at，be fond of，be afraid of，be tired of，succeed in，put off，give up，be worth，be busy （in） doing sth ，be interested in，be ashamed of等。
3、 ★高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing形式或名词:
look forward to（渴望，盼望），contribute to（捐助、贡献），get down to（着手做），give way to（让位），take to（从事），stick to（忠于、坚持），be used to （习惯于），devote oneself to （献身于），object to（反对，抗议），pay attention to（注意） ，adjust oneself to...（调整以适应...)
4、 动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，不可以接动词不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补语。
allow doing (√) allow to do(×) allow sb to do (√)
advise doing (√) advise to do(×) advise sb to do (√)
forbid doing (√) forbid to do(×) forbd sb to do (√)
permit doing (√) permit to do(×) permit sb to do (√)
We don't permit smoking here.
Please permit me to say a few words.
5、 以下及物动词后既可接不定式又可接动词-ing作宾语，但两者意义上有区别

remember to do记住要去做的事
remember doing记得过去曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要去做的事
forget doing忘记了过去做过的事
regret doing后悔做了某事
regret to do很遗憾地去做某事
try to do sth 努力/企图做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth意味着做某事 
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 
stop doing sth 停止做某事 

6、用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。其结构是：
sb.＋动词＋it＋adj.＋动词-ing形式
常用动词有： think, like, hate, consider, find, feel, believe等
I feel it difficult trying again.
I found it useless/no use crying over the split milk.
7、动词-ing形式的复合结构：
名词宾格/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式
Would you mind my/me opening the window?
Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window？

1．I think the book is worth ________(read) a second time.
2．There is no sense ___force) yourself to get what you don’t want.
3．We should take effective measures to prevent the cultural heritage from ________(damage).
4．Plogging means ________ (pick) up trash while working out.
5．Nothing could prevent him _______(sail) round the world alone.
6．The salesgirl argued me into ________(buy) the shirt.
7．He notes down everything that’s worth________ (remember).
8．He tricked me into ________ (spend) all my money.
9．He admitted ________ (steal) the necklace the day before and said he was sorry.
10．The boy is addicted to________(play) computer games.
11．As I know, the child’s passion is___(sing).
12．Your task is __________(clean) the old car over there on your own.
13．Her present job is________(teach) English in a remote village, which she thinks is very rewarding.
14．What annoyed me most was ________ (cheat) by her over and over again.
15．The real problem is ________ (understand) how the system works.
16．Rachel’s father’s job is ________ (teach) maths in a high school.
17．The most popular pastime for a number of old people is ________(play) chess.
18．I know that her hobby is ____(make) short cooking videos.
19．I admitted________(break) the window but it was merely an accident.
20．The total cost covers advertising, arranging and ________ (confirm) appointments.
21．Would you mind ________ (buy) me some sweet?
22．There is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems________ (get) on with other people.
23．I’ve had moments of feeling sorry for myself, but I’ve never had any thoughts of ________ (commit) suicide.
24．I cannot help________ (worry) to hear that there is no steamer this week.
25．No one committing a crime can escape ________ (catch).
26．Michael doesn’t fell like ________(study) abroad for his parents are old.
27．Subsequently, they found it no good ________(expose) to too much information on the Internet.
28．When you stay outside in the wild, please pay attention to ______ (protect) yourself from being hurt by snakes.
29．James is busy __________ (practice) for the school concert.
30．You can’t scare me into ________ (tell) you anything.
31．As a musician, she has spent years________ (perfect) her technique.
32．I can’t stand ________(go) to art galleries.I get very bored!
33．I find ________(paint) with watercolour a lot easier than with oil.
34．The team members were greeted like ____________ (conquer) heroes.
35．We would appreciate you ________ (let) us knowof any problems.
36．I’ll get round to ___________ (mend) it eventually.
37．To avoid ________(punish), he lied to his teacher that a dog had eaten his homework.
38．He had to resign himself to _____ (watch) the European Championships on television.
39．I’m used to ________ (plan) every trip in details. I don’t just leave on a whim.
40．We should spare no effort to preserve our environment from ________ (pollute)．
41．The fire crews had problems________ (fight) the blaze.
42．We finished_load) and set off.
43．In an attempt to save the child from ________ (drown), the woman with compassion nearly lost her own life.
44．The man trapped him into ________(give) away the business secret.
45．Stop _________ (bother) me while I am working.
46．We didn’t speak to each other after that, and I didn’t get close to her for fear of ________ (hurt) again.
47．Melissa wanted to save her father’s music because his music deserved ________ (preserve) in the family.
48．In order to reduce the costs of the products, we are always seeking ________(improve) productivity.
49．We only missed ________(see) each other by five minutes.
50．________(grow) up means that we need to face up to our responsibilities to our family and the society.
51．At last, the boy had to acknowledge ______(steal) the money from his mother's pocket.
52．Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to ____(live) in the mountainous village alone.
53．I couldn’t help________(notice) she was wearing a wig.
54．The gang was caught in________ (possess) of stolen goods.
55．He insisted on ________(play) rock music late at night, which annoyed his mother.
56．He didn’t turn up at the party.It was silly of us to keep on _____(wait) for him.
57．The Children learn responsibility by ________(help) out with chores like making beds and waiting on tables.
58．I spend hours every day ______________(edit) my selfies, posting them and eagerly checking my phone a hundred times for comments.
59．The rain continued___________(fall) all afternoon.
60．She was filled with ___________(long) to hear his voice again.
参考答案：
1．reading
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为这本书值得再读一遍。此处为短语be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填reading。
2．forcing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：强迫自己得到自己不想要的东西是没有意义的。根据“There is no sense”可知，此处用there is no sense (in) doing sth.的固定句型，意为“做……是没有意义的”，空处需用force的动名词形式forcing，作宾语。故填forcing。
3．being damaged
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该采取有效措施防止文化遗产受到破坏。位于介词from后，且damage与逻辑主语the cultural heritage之间为被动关系，故应用动名词的被动式being done作宾语。故填being damaged。
4．picking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Plogging的意思是在锻炼的时候捡垃圾。根据句意可知，此处是动词短语mean doing sth.“意思是做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填picking。

5．sailing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：没有什么能阻止他独自环游世界。prevent doing sth.意为“阻止做某事”，其中动名词作宾语。动名词前可以带逻辑主语，当逻辑主语为代词，且动名词作宾语时，代词可以用其宾格或形容词性物主代词形式。分析句子结构，这里应用动名词sailing作宾语，him是其逻辑主语。故填sailing。
6．buying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：女售货员说服我买这件衬衫。固定短语argue sb. into doing sth.“说服某人做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填buying。
7．remembering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他记下了所有值得记住的东西。be worth doing固定搭配，意为“值得做”，主动表示被动，故填remembering。
8．spending
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他骗我花光了我所有的钱。作介词into的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填spending。
9．stealing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他承认前一天偷了项链，并说他很抱歉。固定搭配admit doing sth“承认做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填stealing。
10．playing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：这个男孩沉迷于玩电脑游戏。be addicted to是固定短语，意为“沉迷于”，其中to是介词，后面应跟名词或动名词形式。故填playing。
11．singing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据我所知，这个孩子酷爱唱歌。此处应用动名词singing作表语，说明主语的状况，故填singing。
12．cleaning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你的任务是自己清理那边的旧车。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作表语，根据下文“the old car over there on your own(自己……那边的旧车)”可知下文是主语task的内容，应使用动名词，故填cleaning。
13．teaching
【详解】考查动名词。句意：她现在的工作是在一个偏远的村庄教英语，她认为这是非常有益的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作表语，根据句意，此处表示一般的、泛指的动作，所以使用动名词形式。故填teaching。
14．being cheated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最让我恼火的是她一次又一次地欺骗我。空处应填非谓语动词作表语，表示经常发生的动作，用动名词，逻辑主语“我”和cheat之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式being done。故填being cheated。
15．understanding/to understand
【详解】考查动名词/不定式。句意：真正的问题是明白该系统是如何运转的。空处应填非谓语动词作表语，表示一般性的、泛指的行为，用所给词的动名词形式，也可用不定式作表语，表示一次性的或者将来的动作，故填understanding/to understand。
16．teaching
【详解】考查动名词。句意：Rachel的爸爸在一所高中教数学。空处应填非谓语动词作表语，表示经常发生的动作，应用动名词。故填teaching。
17．playing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对许多老年人来说，最受欢迎的消遣是下棋。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，应用动名词形式作句子表语，符合题意。故填playing。
18．making
详解】考查动名词。句意：我知道她的爱好是制作烹饪短视频。设空处作表语解释说明主语内容，故用动名词making。故填making。
19．breaking/having broken
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我承认打碎了窗户，但那只是一个意外。admit doing sth或admit having done表示“承认做过某事”，故填breaking/having broken。
20．confirming
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：总费用包括广告、安排和确认约会的费用。此处应用动名词形式与advertising，arranging是并列关系，共同作covers的宾语，故填confirming。
21．buying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你介意给我买些糖果吗？分析句子可知，此处为动词短语mind doing sth“介意做某事”，所以此处为动名词形式作宾语。故填buying。
22．getting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：毫无疑问，情商低的人在与他人相处时经常会遇到问题。have problems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 是固定用法，意为“做某事有困难”。故填getting。
23．committing
【详解】考非谓语动词。句意：我也有过自怨自艾的时候但我从没想过要自杀。介词of后面应用动名词，故填committing。
24．worrying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：听说本周无船，我不禁担心。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用固定短语cannot help doing sth.表示“不禁做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填worrying。
25．being caught
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：任何犯罪的人都逃不掉被抓的。escape doing sth.表示“逃脱做某事”，且catch与one为被动关系，故用being done形式。故填being caught。
26．studying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Michael不想出国留学。她的父母年纪大了。表示“想要做某事”短语为feel like doing sth.，动名词作宾语。故填studying。
27．being exposed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们发现在互联网上接触太多信息是没有好处的。此处考查句型find it no good doing sth，found后接代词it，为形式宾语，真正的宾语为动名词，expose与逻辑主语they之间为动宾关系，应用被动结构，故填being exposed。
28．protecting
【详解】考查动名词。句意：当你待在野外时，请注意保护自己免受蛇的伤害。pay attention to是固定短语，意为“注意”，其中to是介词，其后应跟名词或动名词。根据空后yourself from being hurt可知，此处应用动名词形式。故填protecting。
29．practicing
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：James正忙着为学校演奏会练习。分析句子可知，此处是固定短语be busy (in) doing sth.，意为“忙于做某事”，此处应使用动名词作宾语。故填practicing。
30．telling
【详解】考查动名词。句意：你不能恐吓我告诉你任何事情。根据句子分析可知，此处为“恐吓某人做某事”，表达为scare sb. into doing sth.，故此处应用动名词作宾语，故填telling。
31．perfecting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名音乐家，她花了多年时间完善自己的演奏技巧。此处为短语spend time doing sth.，动名词作宾语。故填perfecting。
32．going
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不能忍受去美术馆。我觉得很无聊！can’t stand doing不能忍受做某事，用动名词作宾语。根据句意，故填going。
33．painting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我发现用水彩画比用油画容易得多。根据句意，作find的宾语，应用动名词painting，故填painting。
34．conquering

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：队员们像征服的英雄一样受到欢迎。介词like后接动名词形式作宾语。根据句意，故填conquering。
35．letting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如有任何问题，请告知，不胜感激。表示“感谢某人做某事”短语为appreciate sb. doing sth.。故填letting。
36．mending
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我最终会抽出时间来修理它的。get round to“抽出时间来做”，to是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填mending。
37．being punished/punishment
【详解】考查动名词和名词。句意：为了避免受到惩罚，他对老师撒谎说他的作业被狗吃了。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语avoid doing sth，后接动名词作宾语，且句子主语he与punish之间是被动关系，所以为动名词的被动形式being punished；此处也可以填名词形式。故填being punished/punishment。
38．watching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他不得不在电视上观看欧洲锦标赛。resign oneself to“顺从，听从”是固定短语，to是介词，故用watch的动名词形式作宾语。故填watching。
39．planning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我习惯于详细计划每次旅行。我不是一时兴起就离开的。短语be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于……”，动名词作宾语。故填planning。
40．pollution/being polluted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该不遗余力地保护我们的环境不受污染。from后可用所给词的名词形式pollution作宾语；也可用pollute的动名词形式，且逻辑主语environment和pollute之间是为被动关系，故用动名词的被动语态作宾语。故填pollution/being polluted。
41．fighting
【详解】考查动名词。句意：消防队员扑灭那场大火困难重重。have problems doing sth做某事有困难，固定短语，故此处用动名词形式，故填fighting。
42．loading
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们装完货就出发了。此处考查动词短语finish doing，设空处为动名词，作宾语。故填loading。
43．drowning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了救溺水的孩子，这位富有同情心的妇女几乎失去了自己的生命。介词from后接动名词形式。根据句意，故填drowning。
44．giving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那人诱骗他泄露了商业秘密。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语trap sb into doing“诱骗某人做某事”，满足句意要求。故填giving。
45．bothering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我工作的时候不要打扰我。结合句意表示“停止做某事，不要做某事”用stop doing sth.，因此空处填bother的动名词形式，作宾语。故填bothering。
46．being hurt
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，我们再也没有说过话，我也没有接近她，因为我害怕再次受到伤害。分析句子，设空处置于介词of之后，故使用动名词作宾语，同时hurt意为“伤害”，I与hurt之间是被动关系，故使用动名词的被动结构。故填being hurt。
47．to be preserved/preserving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：梅丽莎想拯救她父亲的音乐，因为他的音乐值得在家庭中保存。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，动词preserve与主语his music之间为被动关系，所以使用不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式作宾语。故填to be preserved/preserving。
48．to improve
【详解】考查非语动词。句意：为了降低产品的成本，我们一直在寻求提高生产率。seek to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“试图做某事”。故填to improve。
49．seeing
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们只差五分钟就见面了。miss doing sth.“错过做某事”是固定短语，故空处用see的动名词形式作宾语。故填seeing。
50．Growing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：成长意味着我们需要正视我们对家庭和社会的责任。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词means，空处需填动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Growing。
51．stealing/having stolen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，男孩不得不承认从他母亲口袋里偷了钱。后常用动名词作宾语，既可用动名词的一般式又可用完成式，表示“承认做了某事”。故填stealing/having stolen。
52．living
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：母亲担心她是否能适应独自住在山村。adjust to doing sth.固定搭配，意为“适应做某事”，to是介词，所以用动名词作宾语，故填living。
53．noticing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我不禁注意到她戴着假发。couldn’t help doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“情不自禁做某事”，所以空处应填动名词noticing，表示“注意到”。故填noticing。
54．possession
【详解】考查名词。句意：那伙人被发现藏有赃物。空格处用名词作宾语，possess的名词是possession，in possession of是固定短语，意为“拥有”，故填possession。
55．playing
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他执意要大半夜放重金属音乐，惹得他的妈妈很烦。固定短语insist on doing sth.表示“执意继续做某事”，故空处动词需要用doing的形式。故填playing。
56．waiting
【详解】考查动名词。句意：他没有出现在聚会上。我们一直等着他，真是愚蠢。keep on doing sth.是固定用法，意为“继续做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填waiting。
57．helping
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们通过帮忙做家务来学习责任感，比如铺床和招待用餐。介词by后应用动名词作宾语。故填helping。
58．editing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我每天花几个小时编辑我的自拍，发布它们，并急切地查看手机一百次去看评论。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定短语，表示“花费时间做某事”，短语中的介词in可以省略，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填editing。
59．falling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：雨持续了一下午。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，应使用非谓语动词，因空白处表达的是多次的、抽象的动作，应使用动名词，故填falling。
60．longing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她渴望再次听到他的声音。作介词的宾语应用动名词形式，故填longing。