04-选择性必修第一册Unit-5综合检测(人教版2019).docx

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019)
选择性必修第一册Unit 5综合能力检测
(100分钟　120分)
　　第一部分　阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
　　第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
　　阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to our online event — Future of Food and Agriculture
　　What we eat and how we grow are changing. The need to feed a growing population, solve hunger and obesity, and avoid trashing the planet is driving the next food and agricultural revolution. New Scientist Live’s Future of Food and Agriculture is an online event for everyone who cares what’s on their plates.
　　Hear about the future of food from the world’s leading scientists on the Main Stage. Discover why robots and genetics are changing the face of agriculture on the Field Stage. From lab-grown meat to sustainable diets, discover what’s coming to a plate near you on the Fork Stage.
　　World well-known speakers:
　　Neil Stephens: a researcher making lab-grown meat
　　Mark Lynas: a senior lecturer focusing on transforming crops with gene editing
　　Tilly Collins: an entomologist making the case for adding eatable insects to our diets
　　Tim Spector: a microbiome expert overturning everything we know about diets, and a psychologist making food taste better by improving our senses.
　　Booking information:
　　Your ticket will give you access to the recording of the talks at this event which originally takes place on 28 October 2021. Access to the recordings will be available until 28 April 2022, when the talks finish. Tickets are only available in advance through Eventbrite. A ticket will cost an individual $ 30. But you’ll enjoy a 15% discount if you buy more than three tickets at a time.
1. Who will lecture on artificial meat?
A. Neil Stephens. 　　 B. Mark Lynas.
C. Tilly Collins. D. Tim Spector.
2. What can be known about the event?
A. It is intended for farmers.
B. It will last for half a year.
C. It will be hosted on four stages.
D. It is accessible online and offline.
3. How much should one pay for five tickets at a time?
A. $105. 　　　　　　 B. $112. 5.
C. $127. 5. D. $150.
B
A United Nations report released Monday said that almost 690 million people—1 in 9 of the world’s population—suffered from hunger last year, a major downward change of previous estimates.
　　However, the UN agencies that produced the report—UNICEF, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the World Food Programme (WFP)—warned that numbers remained on a worrying upward trend.
　　There were 687. 8 million undernourished(营养不良的)people in 2019, up almost 10 million from 2018, and up almost 60 million from 2014, according to the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) report, which is issued annually. Last year’s edition gave an extremely higher world hunger estimate of around 812 million for 2018. “Generally, there has been no change in the trend . . . after steadily decreasing for decades, chronic hunger slowly began to rise in 2014 and continues to do so, ” they added.
　　The SOFI report said an additional 93 million to 132 million people could go hungry in 2020 as a result of the economic decline caused by COVID-19. The pandemic has disturbed food supply distribution, “making it even more difficult for the poorer population to have access to healthy diets, ” it said.
　　On current trends, world hunger numbers were expected to rise to 841. 4 million in 2030, indicating that a “Zero Hunger” UN development target set for that year is very much in danger. The agencies said “a key obstacle, ” to handling hunger was the relatively high cost of healthy and nutritious diets. “It is unacceptable that, in a world that produces enough food to feed its entire population, more than 1. 5 billion people cannot afford a diet that meets the required levels of essential nutrients and over 3 billion people cannot even afford the cheapest healthy diet, ” they felt disappointed.
4. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?
A. By presenting figures.
B. By giving examples.
C. By stating an argument.
D. By describing a survey.
5. Which of the following statements about the SOFI report is true?
A. The SOFI report is produced every other year.
B. A total of 93 million to 132 million people could suffer from hunger in 2020.
C. COVID-19 has a negative effect on the hunger problem worldwide.
D. Poor people have no access to healthy diets due to the pandemic.
6. Why did the UN agencies feel disappointed?
A. World hunger numbers are still rising continuously.
B. The “Zero Hunger” target set for 2030 is hard to achieve.
C. There is no enough food to feed the whole world.
D. The relatively high cost of healthy and nutritious diets leads many people to be in hunger.
7. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. The report produced by UN agencies.
B. 690 million people worldwide living in hunger.
C. The worldwide hunger caused by COVID-19.
D. The approach to handling worldwide hunger.
C
　　In a new study, researchers analyzed information from more than 18, 000 people who provided blood samples. Participants reported whether they exercised regularly, and if so, what type of exercises they typically did. The researchers then scanned participants, blood, looking for genes(基因) that are tied to an increased risk of obesity(肥胖). Next, the researchers examined whether certain exercises seemed to balance this risk.
　　Overall, people who reported doing any type of regular exercises tended to have a lower BMI(体重指数) than those who didn’t. This was true even among people who were genetically easy to become overweight. But one exercise stood out as the one with the strongest anti-obesity effect: jogging. Participants with obesity genes who jogged tended to have a lower BMI than people with similar genetic risk who did not jog.
　　But for those who loathe jogging, fear not: Five other types of exercises were also tied to a lower BMI among individuals at risk for obesity. These included mountain climbing, ballroom dancing and walking. The benefits of these exercises were the biggest among those with the greatest genetic risk of obesity.
　　Interestingly, several other types of exercises failed to counteract the genetic risk of obesity. These included cycling, stretching exercises and swimming. The findings don’t mean that these latter exercises can’t help with weight control. It’s just that they didn’t seem to counteract the genetic tendency to gain weight.
There could be several reasons for this. The researchers noted that, for the average Joe or Jane, cycling and stretching exercises tend to require less energy than the exercises that were tied to a lower obesity risk. In addition, exercising in water, as happens with swimming, may increase appetite.
8. What does the underlined word“loathe”in the third paragraph mean?
A. Dislike. 　　　　　 B. Display.
C. Disturb. D. Discourage.
9. Which exercise has the least effect on balancing obesity genes?
A. Mountain climbing.
B. Ballroom dancing.
C. Running slowly.
D. Riding a bicycle.
10. What does the author indicate in the last paragraph?
A. Swimming doesn’t help one lose weight.
B. Diving may make a person eat more food.
C. Average people put less energy into exercises.
D. Stretching exercises will become popular.
11. Which of the following is the best title?
A. Jogging Less Leads to Genetic Obesity
B. Regular Exercises Tend to Lower BMI
C. Whether Exercises Balance Risks of Obesity Genes
D. Genes Are Very Important for People’s Weight Control
D
　　Nearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and failures in driverless vehicles. But we hear little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture. Companies are experimenting with high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals.
　　One of the companies is ecoRobotix of Switzerland It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. The robot has four wheels to carry itself through the fields in search of weeds. Computer-controlled arms then lower and spray the weeds with small amounts of herbicide(除草剂). Company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. It uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. A farmer can also control the equipment through a smartphone.
　　The co-founder of ecoRobotix, Aurélien Demaurex, says the farm robot can kill weeds with 20 times less herbicide than traditional methods. This is because the system uses exactly the right chemical amount in the exact place required to kill the weeds. Currently, farmers spread weed killers over massive areas to destroy unwanted plants.
　　Another company developing farm robotics is California-based Blue River Technology. The company has a system called “See & Spray”, which it claims was the world’s first smart sprayer. The system—which is connected to the back of a tractor—is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. It can also spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. Ben Chostner, vice president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. “The first time the machine saw pigweed, it didn’t know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it—by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed—and now it’s an expert in pigweed. ”
12. How will AI benefit agriculture?
A. It will fund agriculture research.
B. It contributes to low-cost farming.
C. It can avoid harmful chemicals.
D. It frees all farmers from field work.
13. What do the products of the two companies have in common?
A. They use recognition technology.
B. They are powered by solar energy.
C. They are connected with smartphones.
D. They can help wanted plants grow rapidly.
14. What do Ben Chostner’s words suggest about the robot?
A. It is environmentally friendly.
B. It is good at self-improving.
C. It has the learning ability.
D. It can track various plants.
15. What is mainly talked about in the text?
A. The experiment in farming robots.
B. A new trend in artificial intelligence.
C. Modern See & Spray technology.
D. Artificial intelligence in agriculture.
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　Many people, including some successful men, wear the same clothing daily to focus their decision-making energy on more important things. 　16　 Julia, an art teacher, is wearing the same dress for the first 100 days of school to create awareness of the environmental costs of fast fashion.  
　　Available online or from various shops, it allows everyone to adopt the latest fashion trends instantly. Though that sounds like a win-win for all, the rapid change in styles and the affordable prices result in impulse(冲动)purchases, many of which are thrown away after being worn just once or twice. 　17　 
　　Julia’s idea for the“One Outfit(服装), 100 Days”began as a comment she made to her husband during the summer. 　18　 Moreover, it would serve as a great lesson for her new students. Selecting a perfect outfit for the challenge was a little tricky. After some consideration, Julia settled on a plain dress. Though she has a backup dress, Julia plans to use it only if absolutely necessary.  
　　　19　 It has also inspired some of her colleagues and her husband to take up the challenge. Julia says the experiment has forced her to rethink her attitude towards clothes. She values things more now—respecting the planet for her children and trying to value herself in a different way, as opposed to caring so much about what she looks like. 　20　 Reuse, recycle, and, most importantly, reduce.  
A. Julia is also tired of making decisions on small things.
B. The experiment has aroused curiosity of many students.
C. Julia’s “One Outfit, 100 Days” challenge, however, has a selfless aim.
D. Thanks to Julia’s idea, the whole school began to follow her challenge.
E. She hopes more people will learn from her and apply the 3Rs to their life.
F. Over 21 billion pounds of cloth ends up being waste yearly in the US alone.
G. Thinking further, she decided it would be a way to show her eco-friendly lifestyle.
第二部分　语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
　　By the time I finished my appointment, I was starving. I 　21　at a fast-food restaurant to order a hamburger to take home and eat while working.  
　　Since it was a little before noon, there was a 　22　 A woman, who I soon learned was Marcella, was 　23　 at the register. She asked the woman behind her in line if she would like a drink and then asked me. We both said no, and must have looked 　24　, because she said, “I got you. ” She continued to pay for both of our meals, even though we were 　25　.  
　　I asked Marcella why she did this, and she shared that someone once did something similar for her. The person 　26　 that she pay it forward someday and she was making good on her 　27　. Before I left, she gave me a warm hug and requested me to do an act of kindness for a stranger when I could. I arrived home, but instead of working through lunch, I sat and 　28　 on her kindness.  
　　Marcella didn’t need to pay for my lunch. But what she did 　29　 my day. Not because I got to keep my $15, but because she was kind with no 　30　 of receiving anything in return.  
　　　31　, Marcella allowed me to take her pictures so I could share this 　32　 story. As I promised her, I planned on paying her kindness forward. Maybe I’ll make a small 　33　 in someone else’s life, and the positive effect will be 　34　. Because that’s what being human is all about—being kind—even to a stranger.  
　　Remember that kindness and love can 　35　 in the most unexpected places, even a fast-food restaurant.  
21. A. knocked　　　 B. aimed
C. stopped D. glanced
22. A. sight B. line
C. turn D. seat
23. A. paying B. confirming
C. hesitating D. informing
24. A. annoyed B. confused
C. frightened D. bored
25. A. citizens B. natives
C. strangers D. neighbors
26. A. required B. suspected
C. guaranteed D. acknowledged
27. A. intention B. approach
C. schedule D. promise
28. A. reacted B. reflected
C. worked D. relied
29. A. relieved B. witnessed
C. influenced D. brightened
30. A. proposals B. expectations
C. comments D. assumptions
31. A. Fortunately B. Frankly
C. Honestly D. Hopefully
32. A. satisfying B. appealing
C. heartwarming D. demanding
33. A. contribution B. effort
C. measurement D. difference
34. A. absolut