黄金卷03-备战2023年高考英语模拟卷(广东、山东专用)(解析版).docx

赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（山东、广东卷）
黄金卷03
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Rosetta Stone
The app offers 25 languages to choose from and it listens to your pronunciation to help grasp your skills. It helps you learn language foundations faster. Rosetta Stone starts at $35. 97 for 3 months, but has additional plans of different lengths, including a lifetime membership for $ 199.
Mango
While many of the apps on this list focus on gamifying (游戏化)and making the learning experience addictive, Mango goes in the other direction, paying much attention to detailed instruction. A single language will cost you $7. 99 a month, or $17. 99 for access to all of available languages (that’s 70 languages). Mango has longer lessons, which average at about 12 minutes per lesson. These lessons are very detailed, and Mango emphasizes conversation-based methodology to get you toward being fluent.
Mondly
Mondly focuses on gamifying the language-learning experience. You can get started on Mondly for free and upgrade to a subscription service, ranging between $9. 99 and $479. 90. The app is good for those who have no experience in learning a new language.
Duolingo
Duolingo is famous for its owl (猫头鹰) if you don’t keep on track with your lessons. The best part of this app is that it’s completely free, although you have the option to upgrade if you’d like to avoid the ads. The upgraded plan is $12. 99 a month, and with 34 languages to learn, it’s the easiest app by far to get started with. There’re comprehension tests for listening and reading. You’ll listen to a story and answer questions to see how much you comprehended from the story.
1. What is special about Mango?
A. It gamifies the language learning.
B. It offers a 12-minute lesson at a time.
C. It is the cheapest app of the four.
D. It focuses on detailed instruction.
2. What is the function of the owl in Duolingo?
A. Training its users’ listening.
B. Forcing its users to keep going.
C. Preventing its users from the ads.
D. Helping its users answer questions.
3. Which app is the most suitable for foreign language beginners?
A. Mondly.
B. Mango.
C. Duolingo.
D. Rosetta Stone.

【1~3题答案】
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几款学习语言的app。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mango段落下的第一句“While many of the apps on this list focus on gamifying (游戏化)and making the learning experience addictive, Mango goes in the other direction, paying much attention to detailed instruction.(虽然这个列表中的许多应用程序都专注于游戏化和沉浸式学习体验，但Mango却朝着另一个方向发展，非常注重详细的指导)”可知，Mango的特别之处是它侧重于详细的指导。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Duolingo段落下的第一句“Duolingo is famous for its owl (猫头鹰) if you don’t keep on track with your lessons.(如果你没跟上学习进度的话，Duolingo的猫头鹰可是很有名的)”可知，Duolingo的猫头鹰可以促使用户坚持使用，跟上课程进度。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mondly段落下的最后一句“The app is good for those who have no experience in learning a new language.(该应用程序适用于那些没有学习一门新语言经验的人)”可知，Mondly适用于外语初学者。故选A。

B
Imagine reading a story titled "Pursuing Success." That would be an inspiring story, wouldn't it? Maybe—but maybe not. It might well be the story of someone whose never-ending chase for more and more success leaves them unsatisfied and incapable of happiness.
Though it isn't a conventional medical addiction, for many people success has addictive properties. Obviously, success goes with praise. To a certain extent, praise stimulates the neurotransmitter dopamine (神经递质多巴胺)，which contributes to all addictive behaviors.
The desire for success may be born to human nature, but specialness doesn't come cheap. Success is tough work, and it requires bearing the cost of losing. In the 1980s, the physician Robert Goldman famously found that more than half of ambitious athletes would be willing to take a drug that would kill them in five years in exchange for winning every competition they entered.
Unfortunately, success is endless. The goal can't be satisfied; most people never feel “successful” enough. The high only lasts a day or two, and then it's on to the next goal. Psychologists call this the hedonic treadmill (快乐跑步机现象)，in which satisfaction wears off almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind.
People should get off the treadmill. But quitting isn't easy for addicts. For people hooked on substances, withdrawal can be a painful experience, both physically and psychologically, research finds that depression and anxiety are common among outstanding athletes after their careers end. Olympic athletes, in particular, suffer from the “ post-Olympic blues.”
Just like wine, success in and of itself is not a bad thing. Both can bring fun and sweetness to life. But both become bossy when they are a substitute for — instead of a complement (补充物)to — the relationships and love that should be at the center of our lives.
4. What does praise function as when going with success?
A. It has nothing to do with success addiction.
B. It may indirectly cause success addiction.
C. It always brings positive results of success.
D. It results in all addictive behaviors except success.
5. Why did the author mention the research findings of Robert Goldman?
A. To show success is a tough and cruel job.
B To stress the key to success lies in efforts.
C. To argue that athletes deserve more rewards.
D. To describe the routine training of an ordinary athlete.
6. What can success bring to a success addict according to psychologists?
A. Satisfaction and a sense of pride.
B. Anxiety and short-lived happiness.
C. Relaxation and endless motivation.
D. Confidence and permanent happiness.
7. What does the author suggest people do about pursuing success?
A. Stop chasing success.
B. Chase success at any cost.
C. Reflect on what matters in life.
D. Give up love and relationships.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了成功对人们的影响，对许多人来说，成功有上瘾的特性，但成功是艰苦的工作，它要求承担失败的代价，而且成功还是无止境的，带来的快乐却很短暂；对此，作者建议人们应该思考自己生活中真正重要的东西是什么。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“Obviously, success goes with praise. To a certain extent, praise stimulates the neurotransmitter dopamine （神经递质多巴胺），which contributes to all addictive behaviors.”（显然，成功与表扬相伴。在一定程度上，表扬刺激神经递质多巴胺，这有助于所有成瘾行为。），可知表扬与成功相伴，会刺激神经递质多巴胺，它可能间接地导致成功成瘾。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中的“Success is tough work, and it requires bearing the cost of losing. In the 1980s, the physician Robert Goldman famously found that more than half of ambitious athletes would be willing to take a drug that would kill them in five years in exchange for winning every competition they entered.”（成功是一项艰巨的工作，它需要承担损失的代价。1980年代，医生Robert Goldman发现了一个著名的发现，超过半数雄心勃勃的运动员愿意服用一种药物，这种药物将在五年内杀死他们，以换取他们参加的每一场比赛都能获胜。），可推知本段列举Robert Goldman的研究是为了说明成功是一项艰巨而残酷的工作。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“The goal can't be satisfied; most people never feel “successful” enough. The high only lasts a day or two, and then it's on to the next goal. Psychologists call this the hedonic treadmill (快乐跑步机现象)，in which satisfaction wears off almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind.”（目标不能满足，大多数人从来没有感觉到“成功”足够过。兴奋的状态只持续一两天，然后又进入下一个目标。心理学家称之为快乐跑步机现象，在这种情况下，满足感几乎立即消失，我们必须继续下一个奖励，以避免落伍的感觉。）和倒数第二段中的“For people hooked on substances, withdrawal can be a painful experience, both physically and psychologically, research finds that depression and anxiety are common among outstanding athletes after their careers end.”（对于那些沉迷于物质的人来说，戒断可能是一种痛苦的经历，无论是身体还是心理上，研究发现，在优秀运动员职业生涯结束后，抑郁和焦虑是常见的。），可知成功者永远感觉不到满足，他们的满足感/幸福感是短暂的，一些优秀运动员职业生涯结束后，会抑郁和焦虑，说明成功能给成功成瘾者带来短暂的幸福和焦虑。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“Just like wine, success in and of itself is not a bad thing. Both can bring fun and sweetness to life. But both become bossy when they are a substitute for — instead of a complement (补充物)to — the relationships and love that should be at the center of our lives.”（就像葡萄酒一样，成功本身并不是坏事。两者都能给生活带来乐趣和甜蜜。但是，当它们取代了——而不是补充——我们生活本该是关系和爱的中心时，它们就会变得专横。），可知作者认为成功本身并不是坏事，但当成功取代了我们生活中最核心的关系和爱时，成功就会变成坏事。由此推知，作者建议读者思考生活中最重要的事情。故选C项。

C
When making choices, people assume that they pick what they like. However, research suggests that we like something strictly because we have chosen it. In other words, we dislike things we don’t choose. And this phenomenon has existed since we were babies.
In an experiment, US researchers brought several 10 to 20-month-old babies into a lab and gave them two same bright and colorful soft blocks to play with. They set each block far apart, so the babies had to crawl to one or the other—a random choice. After the baby chose one of the toys the researchers took it away and came back with a new option. The babies could then pick either the toy they didn’t play with before, or a brand-new toy.
It turned out that the babies reliably chose to play with the new toy rather than the one they had not chosen.
In follow-up experiments, when researchers instead helped choose which toy the baby would play with, the phenomenon disappeared. “As if they were saying, ‘Hmm, I didn’t choose that object last time, because I guess I didn’t like it very much” said Lisa Feigenson, co-author of the study.
This is a very important phenomenon in life, Feigenson noted. Adults will less like the thing they didn’t choose, even if they had no real preference in the first place. It looks like babies do just the same.
It shows that the act of making choices changes how we feel about our options. The random choices might become our preferences. “They are really not choosing based on whether they are novel or what they prefer,” said Alex Silver, co-author of the study.
This new finding explains why adults build unconscious preference when they make choices between the same things. Justifying(证明有道理) choice is somehow fundamental to the human experience. “I chose this, so I must like it. I didn’t choose this other thing, so it cannot be so good. Adults make these inferences unconsciously,” Feigenson said.
Such tendency makes sense to us as we live in a consumer culture and must make so many choices every day, between everything from toothpaste brands to styles of jeans.
Next, researchers will look at whether too many choices could be a problem for babies as they certainly are for adults.
8. What is the purpose of the experiments?
A. To test whether people choose what they like.
B. To see why babies prefer new toys to old ones.
C. To explain how babies and adults make choices differently.
D. To study if too many choices could create problems for people.
9. What can be learned from the experiments?
A. Babies prefer bright and colorful toys.
B. Babies’ preference largely affects their choices.
C. Babies prefer adults to help them make choices.
D. Babies’ previous random choices affect their preference.
10. Why is the new finding important in life?
A. It entirely changes our styles to choose.
B. It helps us make wise decisions in a consumer culture.
C. It promotes the relationship between adults and babies.
D It helps us understand our unconscious preference for choices.
11. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Babies like what they choose B. Random choices matter
C. Too many choices puzzle the adults D. Preference affects the choice
【8~11题答案】
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了文章主要介绍了一项新发现，随机选择可能会成为我们的偏好，这项发现能够解释为什么成年人在相同的事情之间做出选择时会产生无意识的偏好。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“However, research suggests that we like something strictly because we have chosen it. In other words, we dislike things we don’t choose.（然而，研究表明，我们喜欢某样东西是因为我们选择了它。换句话说，我们不喜欢我们没有选择的东西。）”可知，研究表明的是我们的喜好和我们的选择之间的关系，这也是本文要讨论的话题，由此可推断出，下文实验也是围绕这一话题进行的，目的是为了测试人们是否选择他们喜欢的东西。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段内容“This is a very important phenomenon in life, Feigenson noted. Adults will less like the thing they didn’t choose, even if they had no real preference in the first place. It looks like babies do just the same.”（Feigenson指出，这是生活中非常重要的现象。成年人不会喜欢他们没有选择的东西，即使他们一开始没有真正的偏好。看起来婴儿也一样。）和第六段关键句“It shows that the act of making choices changes how we feel about our options. The random choices might become our preferences.（它表明做出选择的行为改变了我们对自己选择的感觉。随机选择可能会成为我们的偏好。）”可知，实验表明随机选择可能会成为我们的偏好，由此可知，婴儿先前的随机选择会影响他们的偏好。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段关键句“This new finding explains why adults build unconscious preference when they make choices between the same things.（这项新发现解释了为什么成年人在相同的事情之间做出选择时会产生无意识的偏好。）”可知，这项发现能够解释为什么成年人在相同的事情之间做出选择时会产生无意识的偏好，由此可知，这项新发现在生活中是重要的，是因为它帮助我们理解了我们对选择的无意识的偏好。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。浏览文章，结合第一段关键句“However, research suggests that we like something strictly because we have chosen it. In other words, we dislike things we don’t choose. And this phenomenon has existed since we were babies.（然而，研究表明，我们喜欢某样东西是因为我们选择了它。换句话说，我们不喜欢我们没有选择的东西。这种现象在我们还是婴儿的时候就已经存在了。）”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新发现，随机选择可能会成为我们的偏好，这项发现能够解释为什么成年人在相同的事情之间做出选择时会产生无意识的偏好。“Random choices matter”意为“随机选择很重要”，符合文章主题，最适合作文章标题。故选B项。

D
Brain aneurysms (脑动脉瘤) affect about one in every 50 Americans and can lead to serious medical emergencies, including stroke, brain damage and death if they burst. Existing treatment options are limited and often invasive(扩散), and surgical outcomes can vary widely from person to person.
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) have become the first team to produce a living, bioprinted aneurysm outside of the human body, perform a medical procedure on it and observe it respond and heal as it would in an actual human brain.
“While there are a lot of promising treatment options, some still have a long way to go,” said Moya, the project’s principal investigator. One common treatment is “clipping”-attaching a metal clip to the base of the aneurysm to redirect blood flow away and keep it from bursting. The procedure is highly invasive, requiring surgeons to open up the skull and expose the brain. A more common and less invasive treatment is the metal coiling (缠绕) approach. The downside to “coiling” is that success is highly dependent on a variety of factors, including the geometry of the patient’s blood vessels, which differ from one person to the next, researchers said.
Animal models aren't necessarily the best way to try out these options, as they lack direct observation of treatment effects and have uncontrollable aneurysm geometries. Unlike animal models, LLNL’s platform allows scientists to directly measure the liquid.
To take some of the guesswork out of aneurysm treatments, Hynes, the original principal investigator, realized researchers would need a way to validate more predictive 3D models that take patient geometry into account by bioprinting with human cells.
By combining the 3D-printed platform with computational models, researchers said they've developed a potential tool for surgeons to pre-select the best coil types, and perform “testruns” of procedures before attempting them on the human patient “What’s exciting is that this platform copies t