人教版七年级英语时态语法讲解.doc

七年级英语语法----时态讲解及其练习
一、 一般现在时
定义：表示经常、反复发生的动作，经常存在的状态或者习惯性动作（有时间规律发生的事情）的一种时间状态。（很拗口，但要学会就必须深刻体会，so please 将其狂读3遍）
具体用法
1、 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。（always, usually, often, sometimes, every day\ morning\ night\ evening\afternoon\week,）
e.g. I go to school at 8:00 every morning.
2 表示主语具备的性格能力、特征和状态及喜好等。
e.g She is 11 years old .
I don’t like English.
She can speak English well.
3 表示客观事实和普遍真理。
e.g The earth moves around the sun.
基本结构构成
含有be（am、 is 、are）动词的用法
肯定句：I am+其它
You \ they\ we are +其它
She \he \ it+is +其它
否定句： I am not+ 其它。
You \ they\ we are not +其它
She \he \ it+is +not +其它
一般疑问句及回答：
Are you +其它？
肯定回答：yes, I am. 否定回答：no, I am not.
Are you\ they\ you+ 其它？
肯定回答: yes,we \they are. 否定回答：no, we \they are not.
Is she\ he \it+其它？
肯定回答: yes,she \he \it is. 否定回答:no,she \he \it is not.
从上面结构中你能总结出be动词的用法吗？单数________，复数_________ ； 我用_________，你用__________ ， ______________-连着她他它。

含实义动词的结构：肯定句：

主语（I, we, you,they,）+动词原形+其它。
否定句：
主语（I, we, you, they）+don’t +动原+其它。
一般疑问句：
Do +主语（you ,they）+动原+其它？
肯定回答; Yes,主语（ I, we,you,they）+do.
否定回答: No, 主语（I ,we, you, they）+don’t.
e.g. They get up at 6:00 every day.你能帮它改个造型吗？
否定句：_________________________
一般疑问句___________________________
同志们回忆一下还有什么特殊情况我们还没讲到。
当主语为第3人称单数时
肯定句 主语(she, he ,it) +动词三单+其它 She plays chess well.
否定句 主语(she, he ,it)+doesn’t + 动词原形+其它。 She doesn’t play chess well.
一般疑问句 Does +主语+动词原形+其它？Does she play chess well?
肯定回答 Yes, 主语+dose Yes, she does.
否定回答 No, 主语+doesn’t No,she doesn’t
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？ What does she play well?
e.g. Mr. Yang teaches us math.
否定句：_________________________

一般疑问句：___________________________________

肯定回答_____________________________
但是你们知道动词第三人称单数的变化规则吗？
1、一般情况加S, e.g like---likes swim---swims
2、以s, x, sh, ch,及o 结尾的词加es . e.g. watch—watches
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的词，要变y 为I 再加es. E.g. study---studies

你记住上面的规则了嘛，接下来我们小试身手

.一、 句型变变变。这些句子要求 “变脸”，你能满足它们吗？
1. Jeff has lunch at school. （改为一般疑问句）
Jeff lunch at school?
2. They have an English class every day.（改为否定句）
They_____ _____an English class every day.
3．I am your English teacher.(改为一般疑问句 )
_________ you our English teacher.
4.Jim does his homework every day.(改为否定句)
Jim ____________________.
二、.单词“化妆会”。小小单词就要登台演出了，你能帮助化妆吗？
1. He doesn’t play sports, he only w______ them on TV.
2. .Tom _______（有）some English books.
3.The boy _________ (not have) breakfast.
4..Does your father _____（like）sports?

二、现在进行时
定义：用来表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行的动作和用来表示当前的活动或现阶段一直在进行着的动作。
【注意】一些表示状态和意愿的动词，如be,like,want,know ,think,have等，不能用于现在进行时态中。如，I want to go home now.

现在进行时的构成
　　　现在进行时由"be+v-ing"构成。be并不是助动词，而是am is are 这三个be动词。初学者最容易漏掉，它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。所以你们一定记好了，进行时的两重要部分，be动词和v-ing这两者缺一不可。（be动词的选择相见前面be动词的用法）
现在进行时的应用
　　在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况：
　　(1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：
　　They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
　　(2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：
　　Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。
　　(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如：
　　We are practicing spoken English these days.这些天我们在练习英语口语。
　　(4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
现在进行时的结构
肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它. She is playing che-ss now.　
否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它. She is not pl-aying chess now.
一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？Is she playing ch-ess now?
肯定回答：Yes,主语+be. 否定回答：No主语+be not
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？
现在分词的构成规则:
1直接在动词原形末尾加-ing,如play-playing work--working
2以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing,如have-having write--writing
3以重读闭音节结尾的单词，结尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个字母，再加-ing。如，begin-beginning sit--sitting
　 4.特殊变化： lie-lying，
接下来检验一下大家学习成果
一、（写出动词的ing形式） For example do doing
1. clean_______ 2. work_______ 3. watch_______4 go_______ 5. play_______6 study_______
7. take_______ 8. have__ 9. dance_______10. get_______ 11. run_______ 12. swim_______13. sit______14. shop______15. stop_____
二、.“火眼金睛”。你能排除干扰，从下面的四个选项中，找出一个正确的答案吗
( ) 1. She is ___ a sweater today.
　　A. putting on B. puts on C. wearing D. wears
　　( ) 2. I ___ to go home now.
　　A. want B. wants C. to want D. am wanting
　　( ) 3. The boy isn’t ___ the teacher.
　　A. listen B. listening C. listenning to D. listening to
　　( ) 4. Listen! She ___ in the classroom.
　　A. sing B. sings C. singing D. is singing
　　( ) 5. My parents often ___ TV in the evening.
　　A. watch B. see C. look D. look at
（ ）6.----Where’s Jennifer?
-----He in the river
A.swims B.is swimming C.waiting for D.swimming

三 一般过去时
定义：
一般过去式表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；
时间状语
　　（two hours, one year… ）ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last (week, year, night, month…), 具体时间, just now, at the age of… , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), etc.
动词变化规则
规则动词的过去式变化如下：
（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed
如：worked played wanted acted
（2）以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 –d
如： lived moved hoped
（3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed
如： studied tried cried
（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 –ed
如： stopped shopped planned
常见的不规则的动词过去式：
go-went do-did is-was are-were have/has-had buy-bought meet-met say-said fly-flew come-came know-knew read-read write-wrote spend-spent swim-swam become-became run-ran begin-began find-found take-took teach-taught tell-told stand-stood put-put feel-felt make-made see-saw grow-grew get-got sit-sat catch-caught bring-brought 朋友们，抓紧时间记吧！
基本句型结构 1)含实义动词的一般过去时
肯定句 主语+ 动词过去式+其它 She played chess last night.
否定句 主语+ didn’t +动词原形+其它 She didn’t play chess last ningt.
一般疑问句 Did+ 主语+动词原形+其它？Did she play chess last night?
肯定回答 Yes,主语+did. Yes ,she did.
否定回答 No,主语+didn’t. No,she didn’t.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句？What did she do last night?
2）be动词的一般过去时
肯定句 主语+was\ were+其它 She was 11 years old last year.
否定句 主语+was\ were+not+其它 She was not 11years old last year.
一般疑问句 Was\Were +主语+ 其它？ Was she 11years years old last year?
肯定回答 Yes ,主语+was\were. Yes,she was.
否定回答 No,主语+was\ were +not No, she was not.

练练吧
一、．根据表格中的信息补全短文。每空词数不限
Time
Activity
6:00
Get up
6:30
Eat breakfast
7:15
Go to school
8:00
Start lessons
12:00
Have lunch
13:00
Go to the library
15:00
Do sports
18:30
Have dinner
19:30
Do their homework
22:30
Go to bed
Wang Hong and Zhou Jian come from China．Now they are studying in New York．Yesterday morning they 1 at six o’clock．
They 2 at six thirty．Then they 3 at seven fifteen．School started     4     o’clock．They 5 at twelve．At one o’clock in the afternoon．they     6 ．They did sports 7 in the afternoon．They played tennis for two hours．At six thirty they 8 ．They 9 at seven thirty in the evening．They went to bed at ten thirty．They 10 very busy all day．
1．____________ 2．____________ 3．____________ 4．____________ 5．____________
6．____________ 7．____________ 8．____________ 9．____________ 10．____________

二、句型转换
\1．My mother has a busy weekend every week．(用last week改写)

My mother ____________ a busy weekend last week．

2．He studied for the math test yesterday．(对画线部分提问)

____________ ____________ he ____________ yesterday?

3．My weekend was very great．(对画线部分提问)

____________ ____________ your weekend?

4．He reads a book about history every day．(用last year改写句子)

He ____________ a book about history last year．