专题03科学与技术篇(一)(解析版).docx

专题03科学与技术篇（一）
Text 21
（2022秋·山东东营·高一广饶一中校考阶段练习）Populations of humpback whales (座头鲸) that live in different places can learn long, complicated (复杂的) songs from one another. Scientists at the University of Queensland, in Australia, focused on two populations of humpback whales, one by Australia’s east coast and the other off New Caledonia—a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean about 900 miles away. These populations may share feeding grounds or come across one another while moving from one place to another.
Only male whales sing. Their songs are known to be made up of a wide variety of different sounds arranged into patterns (模式) and can last for hours. The researchers listened to samples (样本) of male humpback songs from 2009 to 2015. They found out how complicated the songs were based on the number of sounds and how long the patterns lasted.
“The team found that the whales from New Caledonia were able to sing the same songs as the Australian whales without simplifying or leaving anything out,” said lead researcher Jenny Allen. This was true no matter how complicated the songs were. The whales also sang a different song each year. “It means humpback whales can learn a whole song pattern from another population very quickly,” Allen said.
It is not known for sure why male whales sing, but two possible reasons are to attract a mate or to warn other males to stay out of a private area. In addition to humpbacks, only a few other species of whales (blue, fifin, bowhead, and minke whales) sing.
Humpback whale numbers have been badly affected by hunting, which was stopped by law in the 1980s. Today there are thought to be about 40,000 humpbacks swimming in Australia’s waters, although scientists warn that the species still faces a number of threats in the wild. Allen said the study’s findings will aid efforts to save and protect humpback whales.
1．Why did the researchers choose Australian whales and whales from New Caledonia?
A．They are quick learners.
B．They are good at singing.
C．They have the chance to meet.
D．They have the same living habit.
2．What do we know about humpback whales in the study?
A．They could show where they came from through songs.
B．They attracted different species of whales through songs.
C．They increased sound numbers and pattern length every year.
D．They were able to learn each other’s songs exactly and quickly.
3．What does Allen think of the study?
A．Easy. B．Warning. C．Meaningful. D．Pioneering.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Why male humpback whales can sing
B．Humpback whales prefer complicated song
C．How whales communicate with each other
D．Humpback whales learn songs from one another
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，生活在不同地方的座头鲸群体可以相互学习长而复杂的歌曲。
1．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“These populations may share feeding grounds or come across one another while moving from one place to another.”（这些种群在从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，可能会共享觅食地或彼此相遇。）可知，澳大利亚鲸鱼和新喀里多尼亚鲸鱼在从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，可能会彼此相遇，所以研究人员选择了它们，由此可知，研究人员选择澳大利亚鲸鱼和新喀里多尼亚鲸鱼，因为它们有机会相遇。故选C项。
2．【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句““The team found that the whales from New Caledonia were able to sing the same songs as the Australian whales without simplifying or leaving anything out,” said lead researcher Jenny Allen.”（首席研究员珍妮·艾伦表示：“研究小组发现，来自新喀里多尼亚的鲸鱼能够唱出与澳大利亚鲸鱼相同的歌曲，而不会简化或遗漏任何内容。”）和““It means humpback whales can learn a whole song pattern from another population very quickly,” Allen said.”（艾伦说：“这意味着座头鲸可以很快地从另一种群中学习到完整的歌唱模式。”）可知，研究表明，不同种群的座头鲸可以很快地从另一种群中学习到完整的歌唱模式，而不会简化或遗漏任何内容，由此可知，座头鲸能够准确快速地学习对方的歌曲。故选D项。
3．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Allen said the study’s findings will aid efforts to save and protect humpback whales.”（艾伦说，这项研究的发现将有助于拯救和保护座头鲸。）可知，艾伦认为这项研究的发现将有助于拯救和保护座头鲸，由此可知，艾伦认为这项研究是有意义的。故选C项。
4．【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Populations of humpback whales (座头鲸) that live in different places can learn long, complicated (复杂的) songs from one another.”（生活在不同地方的座头鲸群体可以相互学习长而复杂的歌曲。）可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，生活在不同地方的座头鲸群体可以相互学习长而复杂的歌曲，“Humpback whales learn songs from one another”意为“座头鲸互相学习歌曲”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。
Text 22
（2022秋·重庆·高一重庆市第三十七中学校校考期末）Patients with a long-term illness can be very bored while recovering at home. This can be especially true of children who may feel cut off from their friends and classmates. Now, a Norwegian company features a robot, which keeps kids in touch with friends and the classroom to make them feel less lonely.
The robot called Avatar I (AVI) “sits” in the classroom, taking the place of the child, and allows participation and engagement(参加) with teachers and classmates. In other words, the children can take part in classes from wherever they are recovering with their school friends’ help. They carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks.
The Norwegian company created the robot with its co-founder, Karen Dolva, who explains how the robot works. She says from home the child uses an iPad or a phone to start the robot, control the robot’s movements with touch, and talk through it. The child can take part in classroom activities. The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that make communicating easy. So it acts as the eyes and the ears and the voice of the child who is too ill to be physically at school. Inside AVI is a small computer connected to a 4G network.
AVI was designed to be tough. It won’t allow water to pass through it and can take a fall from a desk without damage. AVI is large and looks like a human for a reason. Dolva says it can’t be just a tiny camera because the other kids can’t pick it up and take it with them. This is important because the robot is supposed to be a friend to the children. Hopefully AVI will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.
5．What is the robot mentioned in paragraph 1 mainly designed for?
A．Getting the sick children connected with schoolwork.
B．Helping the robot make more and more friends.
C．Helping the sick children lighten their loneliness.
D．Making the robot take care of the sick children.
6．What can the sick children do through the robot?
A．They can recover from a long-term illness very soon.
B．They can see their teachers and friends at any time.
C．They can ask the robot to do homework for them.
D．They can do classroom activities at home or at hospital.
7．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A．How the company has created the robot. B．How the robot can work successfully.
C．What functions the robot are equipped with. D．What benefits the robot can bring about.
8．Where does this passage probably come from?
A．A health report. B．A science magazine.
C．A public lecture. D．A product instruction
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一款机器人，可以帮助生病的孩子缺课时感到不那么孤独。
5．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, a Norwegian company features a robot, which keeps kids in touch with friends and the classroom to make them feel less lonely.(现在，一家挪威公司推出了一款机器人，可以让孩子们与朋友和教室保持联系，让他们不那么孤独)”可知，机器人主要是为了帮助生病的孩子减轻他们的孤独感而设计的。故选C项。
6．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“In other words, the children can take part in classes from wherever they are recovering with their school friends’ help.(换言之，孩子们可以在学校朋友的帮助下，从任何他们正在康复的地方参加课堂活动)”可知，生病的孩子可以通过机器人在家或在医院做课堂活动。故选D项。
7．【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The Norwegian company created the robot with its co-founder, Karen Dolva, who explains how the robot works.  She says from home the child uses an iPad or a phone to start the robot, control the robot’s movements with touch, and talk through it.  The child can take part in classroom activities.  The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that make communicating easy.  So it acts as the eyes and the ears and the voice of the child who is too ill to be physically at school.  Inside AVI is a small computer connected to a 4G network.(这家挪威公司与其联合创始人卡伦·多尔瓦一起创造了这款机器人，她解释了机器人的工作原理。她说，孩子在家里用iPad或手机启动机器人，通过触摸控制机器人的动作，并通过它说话。孩子可以参加课堂活动。这款机器人配备了扬声器、麦克风和摄像头，便于交流。因此，它就像孩子的眼睛、耳朵和声音一样，为那些病得不能上学的孩子提供帮助。在AVI内部是一台连接到4G网络的小型计算机)”可知，本段主要讲的是这款机器人如何工作的。故选B项。
8．【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Patients with a long-term illness can be very bored while recovering at home. This can be especially true of children. They may feel out off from their friends and classmates. Now, these children may have a high-tech friend to help feel less lonely. That friend is a robot. (患有长期疾病的病人在家休养时可能会感到非常无聊。对孩子来说尤其如此。他们可能会感到与朋友和同学疏远。现在，这些孩子可能有一个高科技朋友来帮助他们减少孤独感。那个朋友是个机器人)”以及下文对机器人的介绍，可推断这篇文章可能出自于科学杂志。故选B项。
Text 23
（2022秋·陕西渭南·高一统考期末）Teens are really good at ignoring(忽视)their parents’ messages, which is why Nick Herbert, a father from London, created an app called ReplyASAP.
Nick came up with the idea for ReplyASAP after realizing that simply giving his son a mobile phone didn’t make getting in touch with him easier. He wasn’t answering Nick’s messages as fast as Nick had expected. It was driving the father crazy, so he set out to create a messaging app that would make reaching kids easier for parents. It took eight months and a lot of money to complete the project, but Nick thinks Reply ASAP could really take off, as it is likely to give parents some peace of mind.
ReplyASAP is designed with parents in mind. It lets them know if their child has seen their message, or if their phone is turned off. However, most importantly, it makes it impossible for kids to ignore messages. When they receive a text from their parents, the app basically locks their phone, taking over the home screen and sounding an alarm until the message is answered.
It seems that ReplyASAP will become teenagers’ biggest nightmare(噩梦), by making it impossible to ignore their parents. Nick agrees that it’s a possibility, but adds that his app shouldn9 t be parents9 most important way of communicating with their children.
ReplyASAP is free to download (下载), but offers a series of plans, depending on how many people you are planning to get in touch with. It works only on Android now. But that’s only a short-term shortcoming(缺点), as Nick wants to make ReplyASAP be found on the Apple Store as soon as possible.
9．What drove Nick Herbert crazy?
A．Creating a messaging app.
B．Ignoring his parents9 messages.
C．His son not replying to him in time.
D．Not getting in touch with his friends.
10．For whom did Nick Herbert create Reply ASAP?
A．Parents. B．Kids. C．Teachers. D．Workers.
11．Why will ReplyASAP become teenagers’ biggest nightmare?
A．It works only on Android at present.
B．It’s impossible to ignore their parents.
C．It allows teenagers to fight with their parents.
D．It has a bad influence on their study.
12．What can we know from the text?
A．Children will study better with ReplyASAP.
B．People have to pay to download ReplyASAP.
C．Nick spent ten months completing ReplyASAP.
D．ReplyASAP can’t work on the Apple Store now.
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，介绍一名父亲因为孩子经常没有及时回复消息，因而开发了一款名叫ReplyASAP手机软件，且介绍了这款软件。
9．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“He wasn’t answering Nick’s messages as fast as Nick had expected. It was driving the father crazy (他没有像Nick预期的那样快速回复Nick的短信。这让父亲发疯了)”可知，尼克的儿子没有像预期的那样及时回复尼克的短信，这让他发疯。故选C项。
10．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Reply ASAP is designed with parents in mind. (Reply ASAP是为父母而设计的。)”可知， Nick Herbert为父母们创建了Reply ASAP。故选A项。
11．【答案B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“It seems that ReplyASAP will become teenagers’ biggest nightmare(噩梦), by making it impossible to ignore their parents. (看来，ReplyASAP让青少年不可能忽视父母，将成为他们最大的噩梦)”可知，ReplyASAP会成为青少年最大的噩梦的原因是忽略他们的父母是不可能的，故选B项。
12．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It works only on Android now. But that’s only a short-term shortcoming(缺点), as Nick wants to make ReplyASAP be found on the Apple Store as soon as possible.  (它现在只在Android上起作用。但这只是一个短期的缺点，因为尼克想尽快在苹果商店找到ReplySAP)”可知，ReplyASAP只能在安卓设备上使用，现在无法在苹果应用上运行，故选D项。
Text 24
（2023秋·山东菏泽·高一统考期末）Zhaobi can be found outside the entrance of a variety of buildings, not to be confused with yingbi which are similar structures found on the other side of the gate, and in their earliest form during the western Zhou dynasty (c.11th century -771BC), were built to serve the function of a wealth and power symbol. They were allowed for only the highest members of society, noblemen, dukes and princes. Seeing zhaobi outside a building would let passers-by know that this is the residence of someone of extreme importance, while also serving the practical function of protecting privacy by blocking the entrance from any spying eyes.
With the passing of time and social changes, by the Tang (618-907) and later Song (960-1279) dynasties, there was less exclusivity about who could build zhaobi, but more importantly there was also a change in the meaning and purpose of the walls. Instead of representing social position, zhaobi took on a more mysterious purpose, coming to play a role in the form of fengshui, a practice which focused on achieving harmony and balance in all things.
It was believed that as well as functioning as a physical block for one’s privacy, zhaobi would act as a deterrent against gui, or wandering dangerous spirits, which would attempt to harm a home, but being unable to turn corners, zhaobi would prevent such action. As well as offering this spiritual protection, their location would allow for better flow of qi, or important energy, helping to conserve it in the building.
Moving further forward in time, zhaobi became more of a form of artistic expression and creativity, with poetry, paintings and characters representing luck and good fortune appearing on the walls, with families using zhaobi as a platform to tell their family history and achievements.
13．Which of the following can replace the underlined word?
A．strength B．fortune C．entrance D．protection
14．How many functions of zhaobi are mentioned in the text?
A．4 B．5 C．6 D．7
15．How is the text developed?
A．By following the time order. B．By making a comparison
C．By showing examples. D．By listing figures
16．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The difference between zhaobi and yingbi. B．The changes in the functions of zhaobi.
C．A general introduction of zhaobi. D．The long history of zhaobi.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了照壁的主要功能以及变化。
13．【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“against gui, or wandering dangerous spirits, which would attempt to harm a home, but being unable to turn corners, zhaobi would prevent such action”可知，照壁可以用来保护家里不受鬼的侵害，因为鬼无法转弯，照壁可以阻止它们。故画线词意思是“保护”。故选D。
14．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Seeing zhaobi outside a building would let passers-by know that this is the residence of someone of extreme importance, while also serving the practical function of protecting privacy by blocking the entrance from any spying eyes.(在建筑物外看到照壁，行人就会知道这是一个非常重要的人的住所，同时也起到了保护隐私的实际作用，阻止了任何窥视的眼睛)”；第二段中“Instead of representing social position, zhaobi took on a more mysterious purpose, coming to play a role in the form of fengshui, a practice which focused on achieving harmony and balance in all things. (照壁并没有代表社会地位，而是有了一个更神秘的目的，以风水的形式发挥作用，这是一种专注于实现万物和谐与平衡的实践)”；倒数第二段“It was believed that as well as functioning as a physical block for one’s privacy, zhaobi would act as a deterrent against gui, or wandering dangerous spirits, which would attempt to harm a home, but being