Unit-1单元话题语法填空练习(人教版2019).docx

Unit 1 Science and Scientists
单元话题语法填空专项练习
(名校最新真题)
（2022·福建·厦门双十中学高二阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Aircraft carriers (航母) are kind of cool. Anybody ___1___ has ever seen “Top Gun” can prove it. But only a few of the world’s navies (海军) have the ability to build them. In 2017, China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) ___2___ (join) that club, launching the Shandong, the country’s first domestically designed and ___3___ (build) aircraft carrier.
The carrier is now getting its own clothing line, ___4___ collection of T-shirts, jackets, and basketball shorts and so on, as China tries to increase the military’s ___5___ (popular) among young people.
Showed via a street-style photo shoot, which sees models posing in front of the 70, 000-ton ship, the collection combines practical work-wear with casual items bearing cartoon pictures. One T-shirt ___6___ (print) with the image of a robot panda ___7___ planes in both paws (爪子).
A PLA Navy website paints wearing the clothing as a patriotic (爱国的) statement. “Passion is the love of the aircraft carrier cause,” it says, “It’s the love of the battle position.” For those ___8___ (serve) on the Shandong, the clothing lets them show their pride by ___9___ (firm) telling the world, “I am from the Shandong ship of the Chinese Navy,” reads a post on the website. “This is the ___10___ (proud) announcement of sailors,” it adds.

（2022·湖北十堰·高二阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese female scientist TU Youyou, ___11___ award) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine on Oct 6 when she was 85 years old, was ___12___ first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science. Tu ___13___ (share) the prize with the Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi omura of Japan .
Tu Youyou is a committed and patient researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She was awarded ___14___ developing artemisinin, “a new drug therapy against malaria” ___15___ has saved millions of lives worldwide, ___16___ (especial) in developing countries, the Nobel Assembly said on its website.
Tu and her colleagues joined a government project ___17___ (find) a new malaria drug in the late 1960s. They examined over 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese ___18___ (medicine) books. In 1971, after more than 190 ___19___ (fail), Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria.
“The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine. It’s the collective achievement of the research team. ___20___ (win) the prize is an honor for China’s science and traditional Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.” Tu told Xinhua.

（2022·湖北·武汉市第一中学高二阶段练习）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The difference between a novelist and a professor is that the former _____21_____ (most) uses his extraordinary creative genius to inspire people’s passion by writing novels，while the latter _____22_____ (pay) more attention to academic research. A politician wants ____23____ (found) his own theories and tries to come to power. A scientist hopes to make remarkable achievements and have more inventions and patents. Take Albert Einstein for example. He made numerous ____24____ (contribute) to the world，the most well-known 60. ____25____ (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. He earned a doctorate in physics in 1905 and gradually became famous as the new Isaac Newton. Circumstances changed in 1933， ____26____ Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions ____27____ (close) to him. As ___28___ consequence，he had to flee Germany. He finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA．Einstein was not only a genius，but also a very gentle man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities，he _____29_____ (admire) by his friends and neighbours whom he encountered. It was on 18 April 1955 ____30____ Einstein passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.

（2022·江西·赣州市赣县第三中学高二开学考试）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A robot is any machine that can work ____31____ (independent) and perform tasks otherwise done by humans. Robots as we know them started out as science fiction (假想之物). The author Isaac Asimov coined the term “robotics” and ____32____ (come) up with the Three Laws of Robotics. The first of these was that robots may not harm a human being and ____33__ (scientist) referred to Asimov’s laws when they started making real-life robots.
In 1954, Unimate, a large robotic arm, became the world’s first ____34____ (industry) robot.
For a long time, robots were only found in factories or laboratories. But later, robots found ____35____ (they) way into homes and classrooms. Nowadays, robots have become an important part of space missions.
Some people fear that robots will take too many jobs away ____36____ humans. This process is called automation. However, some experts think that the use of robots will allow businesses ____37____ (create) more jobs than have been lost. The coronavirus pandemic (冠状病毒流行病) has shown how robots and humans can work together. In Singapore, a robotic dog called Spot has been used to help enforce (执行) social distancing. It was made by Boston Dynamics, ____38____ has also developed a human-like robot called Atlas. In December 2020, a video showed Atlas and Spot performing a dance routine together. ____39____ (look) ahead, whether it’s in education, entertainment _____40_____ exploration, we surely believe that robots will play a big part in the future of humanity.

（2022·黑龙江·牡丹江市第二高级中学高二阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese agronomist (农业科学家) Yuan Longping, the “father of hybrid rice (杂交水稻)”, died of an illness at 1:07 p.m. on Saturday at the age of 91.
____41____ a serious nationwide starvation (饥荒) in the 1960s,Yuan,decided to devote ____42____ (he)to studying how to increase the production of rice, the main food of China. Yuan ____43____ (succeed) in developing the world's first high-yielding hybrid rice in 1973, ____44____ production could reach over 500kg per mu. For the following years, he continued to develop hybrid rice, achieving ____45____ (increase) higher outputs than before. On September 29, 2019, Yuan ____46____ (award) the “Medal of the Republic”, the highest honor in the country, for his outstanding ____47____ (contribute) to China's agricultural development and food supply. In 2020, hybrid rice ____48____ (develop) by Yuan’s team achieved a new world record.
Yuan once said he had two dreams: one was to “enjoy the cool breeze under rice crops ____49____ (tall) than men,” and the other was that “hybrid rice could be grown all over _____50_____ world to help solve global food shortage.
Professor Yuan’s devotion to China and the world will inspire us to value food and try our best to serve our country.

（2022·全国·高二单元测试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s first artificial intelligence (AI ) textbook for high school students___51___(bring) out last week, following a plan by central government____52____(include) AI courses in primary and secondary schools. The nine-chapter textbook,___53___(name) “Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence”, was written by outstanding___54___(scholar) from well-known schools nationwide, under the joint efforts by the research center for MOOC at East China Normal University and AI startup SenseTime. It includes the history of AI and how the technology can be applied in areas such as facial recognition, auto driving and public security.
“The textbook focuses not only on basics of AI but on____55____(practice) use of AI in daily life”, said Chen Yukun, a professor at East China Normal University,___56___is also a contributor to the book.
Up till now, about 40 high schools across the country___57___(undertake) the task of being the first group of the AI high education pilot program___58___introducing the textbook in the curriculum. “The AI sector is facing a talent shortage___59___(global). The publication of the book is_____60_____breakthrough as it takes AI technology out of thevory towerand makes it part of high school learning”, said Lin Dahua,a profesor at the Chinese University of Hon Kong.

（2022·辽宁·沈阳市第八十三中学高二开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We know that smartphone addiction can affect lives in negative ways. A 2017 University of Texas study claimed that merely___61___(place) a smartphone in someone’s line of sight slowed down their productivity and reduced their grades.___62___earlier study from London found students who didn’t use smartphones saw their test scores increase by 64 percent.
It is ___63___(extreme) difficult to go through the social media detox. Some people have even tried punishing ___64___(they) for using their devices. Now, an app is being released(发行)in the UK that rewards people for staying away from their smartphones. The app, called Hold, ___65_create) by three Norwegian university students, who found that positive rewarding was the most___66___ (effect) way of motivating students to conquer smartphone addition. Hold allows students to collect points for staying away from their devices between the hours of 7 am. ___67___11 p.m; they get 10 points for ever 20 minutes. The points___68___(collect) can be used for discounts on everything from cinema tickets to food and drinks. A cinema ticket, for example, costs 60 points, or 2 hours’ staying away from a phone.
Over 120,000 people in Norway, of ___69___40% are college students, use the app. It’s now available___70___students from over 170 universities in the UK.

（2022·江苏省高邮中学高二开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In January, cameras were on hand to film the jaw-dropping sight of the world’s first 5G remote surgery on a lab animal. It was a human’s turn on March 16, ____71_ a doctor in the Chinese city of Sanya put a device into the brain of a patient nearly 1,900 miles away in Beijing. At this point, you would ____72____(forgive) for thinking you were watching a sci-fi film set sometime in ____73____ future, but this is actually present-day surgery, thanks to 5G technology.
Until now, remote surgery ____74____(use) wireless networks has been impossible, because the time lag (间隔) between input and output lasts around a quarter of a second, sometimes as long as 2 seconds—a delay potentially ____75____(harm), possibly deadly, to a patient. Now, 5G promises ___76____(change) all that, with its time lag ____77____ (reduce) to 2 milliseconds between devices. The speed ensures surgeons can operate at a much greater distance ____78____the operating room.
The technology will apply to both “tele-presence,” where a surgeon can ____79____ (mere) follow an operation on a video connection and offer expert support, and “tele-surgery,” where he or she actually ____80____    (operate) the surgical device from far away. Such technology has the potential to transform the wider surgical industry, with huge benefits for patients.

参考答案：
1．who    2．joined    3．built    4．a    5．popularity    6．is printed    7．with    8．serving    9．firmly    10．proudest
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。“山东号”作为中国第一艘自主设计和建造的航空母舰，现在已经有了自己的服装系列。文章对此进行了报道。
1．考查定语从句。句意：看过《壮志凌云》的人都能证明这一点。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为不定代词anybody，所以应用关系代词who。故填who。
2．考查一般过去时。句意：2017年，中国人民解放军海军（PLAN）加入了这个俱乐部，下水了中国第一艘自主设计和建造的航空母舰“山东号”。根据“In 2017”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填joined。
3．考查过去分词。句意：2017年，中国人民解放军海军（PLAN）加入了这个俱乐部，下水了中国第一艘自主设计和建造的航空母舰“山东号”。动词build意为“建造”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语aircraft carrier之间构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作定语。故填built。
4．考查冠词。句意：该航母现在有了自己的服装系列，包括T恤、夹克和篮球短裤等，因为中国试图提高军队在年轻人中的受欢迎程度。a collection of意为“一批，一些”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用冠词a。故填a
5．考查名词。句意：该航母现在有了自己的服装系列，包括T恤、夹克和篮球短裤等，因为中国试图提高军队在年轻人中的受欢迎程度。根据“among young people”可知，此处是指提高军队在年轻人中的受欢迎程度，所以应用名词popularity表示“流行，普及，受欢迎”作宾语。故填popularity。
6．考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：一件T恤上印着一只两只爪子都拿着飞机的机器熊猫。根据“which sees models posing in front of the 70, 000-ton ship”(照片里模特在这艘7万吨级的巨轮前摆姿势)可知，此处应用一般现在时。动词print意为“打印”，和主语T-shirt构成被动关系。主语为第三人称单数。故填is printed。
7．考查介词。句意：一件T恤上印着一只两只爪子都拿着飞机的机器熊猫。根据“in both paws”可知，此处是指飞机在熊猫的手里，所以应用介词with表示“携带”。故填with。
8．考查现在分词。句意：对于那些在“山东号”上服役的人来说，这种服装让他们通过坚定地告诉世界“我来自中国海军山东舰”来展示他们的骄傲，该网站上的一篇帖子写道。根据“I am from the Shandong ship of the Chinese Navy”可知，此处是指那些在“山东号”上服役的人。动词serve意为“服役”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语those构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作后置定语。故填serving。
9．考查副词。句意：对于那些在“山东号”上服役的人来说，这种服装让他们通过坚定地告诉世界“我来自中国海军山东舰”来展示他们的骄傲，该网站上的一篇帖子写道。修饰动词telling应用副词firmly表示“坚定地”作状语。故填firmly。
10．考查形容词最高级。句意：“这是海员们最自豪的宣言。”声明补充道。根据句意可知，表示“最自豪”，所以应用形容词最高级作定语。故填proudest。

11．awarded    12．the    13．shared    14．for    15．that##which    16．especially    17．to find    18．medical    19．failures    20．Winning

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解了科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖的经历。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国女科学家屠友友于10月6日获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，享年85岁，是第一位获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国公民。逻辑主语TU Youyou与非谓语动词award之间是“动宾关系”，应用过去分词形式的非谓语动词，故填awarded。
12．考查冠词。句意：中国女科学家屠友友于10月6日获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，享年85岁，是第一位获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国公民。序数词first之前，应该加入定冠词。故填the。
13．考查时态。句意：屠与爱尔兰出生的威廉·坎贝尔（William Campbell）和日本的大村聪（Satoshi omura）分享了该奖项。本句描述“过去发生的动作”应用一般过去时，故填shared。
14．考查介词。句意：诺贝尔大会在其网站上表示，她因研制青蒿素而获奖，青蒿素是“一种新的抗疟疾药物”，在全世界，特别是在发展中国家，挽救了数百万人的生命。 developing artemisinin作为介词宾语，且横线处表示“因为”，故填for。
15．考查定语从句。句意：诺贝尔大会在其网站上表示，她因研制青蒿素而获奖，青蒿素是“一种新的抗疟疾药物”，在全世界，特别是在发展中国家，挽救了数百万人的生命。that/which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a new drug therapy，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
16．考查副词。诺贝尔大会在其网站上表示，她因研制青蒿素而获奖，青蒿素是“一种新的抗疟疾药物”，在全世界，特别是在发展中国家，挽救了数百万人的生命。副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填especially。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：屠和她的同事在20世纪60年代末加入了一个政府项目，以寻找一种新的抗疟药物。不定式的非谓语动词表示“目的”，故填to find。
18．考查形容词。句意：他们研究了2000多份传统中医书中的配方。形容词作为定语修饰名词 books，故填medical。
19．考查名词。句意：1971年，在190多次失败后，屠的团队终于找到了一种100%有效的抗疟疾提取物。数词190 修饰可住名词复数，故填failures。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：获奖是中国科学和中医药在世界传播的荣誉。动名词在句子中作主语，故填Winning。

21．mostly    22．pays    23．to found    24．contributions    25．being    26．when    27．closed    28．a    29．was admired    30．that

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了伟大科学家爱因斯坦的贡献以及生平。
21．考查副词。句意：小说家和教授的区别在于，前者多是用自己非凡的创作天才通过写小说来激发人们的激情，而后者则更注重学术研究。分析句子成分可知，空处应为副词修饰动词“uses”。故填mostly。
22．考查时态。句意：小说家和教授的区别在于，前者多是用自己非凡的创作天才通过写小说来激发人们的激情，而后者则更注重学术研究。分析句子成分可知，空前“the latter”指的是前文的“a professor”作主语，所以空处应为谓语动词。结合本句中其他动词“uses”可知，应为一般现在时。故填pays。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：政治家想要找到自己的理论并试图掌权。want to do sth. “想要做某事”为固定搭配，不定式为宾语。故填to found。
24．考查名词。句意：他对世界作出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。make contributions to sth. “为……做贡献”为固定搭配。故填contributions。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：他对世界作出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“made”，且无连词，所以提示词应为非谓语动词，且和空前省略的指代“contribution”的代词“one”之间为主动关系，故用doing形式。故填being。
26．考查连词。句意：情况在1933年发生了变化，那时希特勒在德国掌权。分析句子成分可知，本句有两个谓语动词“changed”和“came”，无连接词，所以空处因为连接词。空前为时间，空后为完整句子，所以空处应为指代先行词1933，且在定语从句中充当时间状语的when。故填when。
27．考查形容词。句意：爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他紧闭。分析句子成分可知，主句为“主谓宾宾补”的结构，空处应为形容词作宾补，对宾语“he doors of academic institutions”进行补充说明。形容词表示状态，表示“门是关闭的”。故填closed。
28．考查冠词。句意：因此，他不得不逃离德国。固定搭配as a consequence“因此，结果”。故填a。
29．考查时态语态。句意：尽管他性格古怪，但他遇到的朋友和邻居都很钦佩他。分析句子成分可知，空处应为主句的谓语动词。结合句意以及空后的“by”可知，谓语动词应为被动，照应全文时态，应为一般过去时。故填was admired。
30．考查连词。句意：1955年4月18日，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去一位杰出的科学家而哀悼。分析句子成分可知，应为强调句型“It is/