第20讲-七选五(选修第一册)(原卷版).docx

第20讲 七选五

1．了解七选五的解题方法与技巧。
2．进行七选五真题训练。

七选五试题给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。七选五和传统题型完型填空有些类似，虽然完型填空题考查的是词汇层面，七选五考查的是句子层面，但是它们的考查方式是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
解题技巧：
1.通过设题位置判断
（1）段首设空一般找能概括该段中心意思的选项。
（2）段尾设空一般找能总结归纳该段的选项。
段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：
挖空位置
逻辑关系
具体解读
段首题
主旨句
常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。
承上启下句
此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段中题
例证关系
前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。
转折关系
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有： but, however, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。
因果关系
表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。
递进关系
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what's more, what's worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ... but ..., not only ... but also等。
并列关系
表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some ... others ...; for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last等。
段尾题
总结句
用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
承上启下句
此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
2.通过标点符号判断
当设空处后为逗号且逗号后面的句子结构完整时，可判断该空应为状语从句。
3.根据语境线索判断
语境线索主要指反映上下文关系的衔接手段，如篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指代、同构等。
（1）“词语重现”不仅指词语的简单出现，而且指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。 
（2）“逻辑”指事物之间存在的必然的关系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分关系等。 
（3）“指代”是指用代词代替前文提到过的人物、事件、物品等，如 it，he，she，they等。 
（4）“同构”是指上下文使用同一结构或类似的句子。

（2023春·广东湛江·高二统考阶段练习）Many people imagine that shade in a garden is a problem. But I believe with the right attitude, inspiration, and ideas, even the shadiest garden can become a beautiful and abundant space. Here are my tips:
Growing food in shade
____1____. If, however, your garden is more deeply shaded, you may struggle to grow traditional vegetables. But this does not mean that you cannot grow food at all. In fact, there are more eatable plants that grow well in shade than you might imagine.
____2____
Not all shade areas are the same. And it is important to understand the level and type of shade that you are dealing with to make the right choices in your garden.
A shade garden can have a range of advantages. It may be much cooler. And it may feel more private and peaceful than a very open space.____3____.
Making shade garden beautiful
As well as growing food in a shade garden, you can also make it a beautiful space, which can attract a wide range of beneficial wildlife throughout the year.____4____. And try to choose a range of flowering plants to attract pollinators and beneficial insects throughout the year, and to provide visual appeal over as much of the year as possible.
____5____. But by creating the right layout and choosing the right plants, shade can become an opportunity, rather than a disadvantage.
A．Understanding shade
B．Choosing different shades
C．Food grown in the shade tastes equally delicious
D．Designing a shade garden does require some careful thought
E．You just have to select plants of various colors, shapes and forms
F．In light shade, you are still able to grow a range of common vegetable crops
G．Trees or other structures which cast shade can offer some privacy in your garden
（2023春·辽宁·高二校联考期中）Everyone wants an everlasting relationship but there are only a handful of people that are willing to put in the work for it. ____6____ Let’s discuss how you can strengthen it!
Today, you will see a lot of marriages and relationships being ended, why is that? People who used to love each other so deeply have now cut off all sorts of communication and even blocked each other from anywhere. ____7____ No one deserves to go through this sort of agony which is why we must enhance our communication skills in any kind of relationship.
In any kind of relationship, it takes a while to build and promote trust, that much is natural. ____8____ It is true that trust cannot be built in a day which is why we must strive for it. We have to be fully honest and open with each other so that we will be able to fully trust each other. Learn to confide in your partner and make them trust you.
Every relationship may contain love and care but there is rarely any respect for each other, and this leads to a fallout between the partners. It is imperative that we communicate with each other about our needs and wants, this will make us respect one another. Seemingly, there could be one thing that isn’t rude or disrespectful but will be very hurtful to the other person. ____9____ This will nourish your relationship.
____10____ However, once you are in a relationship with someone, you have to rely on them. Relying upon and supporting each other is a vital part of any relationship. Partners could air their minds, share their concerns and emotions without any kind of fear.
Communicate about everything with your partner, and see how things get better.
A．It increases the respect for each other.
B．We know that being independent and strong is great.
C．Communication is the key to a long-lasting relationship.
D．No communication leads to no relationship and vice verse.
E．Communicate with each other but also respect the feelings of the other person.
F．All of this results in excruciating (折磨人的) pain that even exceeds physical pain.
G．However, trust cannot be built between two partners if there is a lack of effective communication.

（2023春·浙江宁波·高二效实中学校考期中）Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. ____11____However, crying is a fact of life, and tears are very useful. Even when you’re not crying, your eyes produce tears. These create a film (薄膜) over the eye’s surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection.
Tears reduce stress, but we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. “____12____ They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,” explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe.
Almost any emotion—good or bad, happy or sad—can cause tears. ____13____ Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. It may explain why people who are afraid to cry often suffer more heart attacks than people who cry more freely.
When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling shock, anger, fear or grief, but they control the emotion. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says psychotherapist (精神治疗医师) Vera Diamond. ____14____ They practice crying so that they can get used to expressing emotion.
____15____ It’s good to hold back tears during a tense business discussion. “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don’t just cry,” Diamond says. She suggests that you act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released the stress, you can begin to think of logical ways to deal with the problem.”
Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry.
A．People worry about showing their emotions.
B．The more you cry, the healthier you will become.
C．Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions.
D．Sometimes patients participate in crying exercises.
E．They can leave you embarrassed and without energy.
F．In certain situation, such as at work, tears are not appropriate.
G．Many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them.
（2023春·辽宁鞍山·高二鞍山一中校考期中）I love travelling. One of my fondest memories of travel is when I spent a few days backpacking in Bucharest, Romania. An unexpected act of kindness from a stranger truly made me feel moved. _____16_____
The first day I arrived in Bucharest I had to take the bus from the train station to my accommodation. I boarded the bus and found out that none of my cards worked and I wasn’t able to buy a ticket. _____17_____ Although I explained that it wasn’t my intention and I had just arrived from Brasov, they still didn’t believe me and fined me for not having a ticket.
After doing some research online, I found that most buses in Bucharest do not accept cash or any form of payment onboard. You have to purchase a card at certain places in the city, top it up with money, and then pay onboard. _____18_____ You can use wireless pay to purchase a ticket. I was delighted after finding out such good news as I did not want another fine.
_____19_____ After I got on the bus, I found the ticket machine to be the same as the one I had met with on my first day in Bucharest. I tried in vain every method, including wireless pay, Apple Pay and cash. _____20_____ At that moment, a kind middle-aged man standing next to me handed me a card. I understood that it was a card for the bus. The man paid for my bus ride.
A．I started to panic.
B．Few things seemed to work.
C．It is still vivid in my mind now.
D．One place I will never forget is Romania.
E．Worse still, I was stopped by policemen on the bus.
F．However, the buses connecting to the airports are more modern.
G．Fast forward to my last day, I planned to take the bus to Bucharest Airport.
（2023春·江苏南京·高二校联考期中）Establishing healthy boundaries with yourself will help you stay within your range of control and prioritize what matters most. Here are some tips.
Be honest with yourself
Behind every fancy purchase is a desire for status and recognition. You secretly want to be noticed for wearing a new watch or carrying a designer purse. ____21____So before taking action towards any attempt, such as making an expensive purchase or pursuing a job promotion, ask yourself, “Who am I doing this for?”____22____ However, if you are pursuing something with the hopes of attracting attention, then you need to say no to yourself.
Honor your limits
____23____Trying to please everyone makes you vulnerable (脆弱的). The truth is you have limited energy and time. It is important that you are wise with your resources. The importance of honoring your limits is highlighted by the Greek mythological story. The story is a reminder that pushing yourself too hard for too long ultimately comes at a cost.
Stop comparing yourself to others
People will engage in behaviors that trigger you. It might be tempting to enter an undeclared competition with the Joneses. This approach does not work because there is always someone out there who has more of what you desire.
Stop comparing yourself to others. ____24____Focus on living a meaningful life that is consistent with your values and goals.
____25____
You are likely your worst critic. You secretly say things to yourself that you would never have the heart to tell others. Remember to have realistic expectations of yourself. When you set goals, consider whether you have set the standard at a reasonable level. If the goal is unrealistic, then you have to say no and adjust your expectations.
A．Be fair to yourself.
B．Stay true to yourself.
C．You can’t be everything for everyone.
D．The reality is that you are not being recognized.
E．What someone is doing with their life has nothing to do with you.
F．If a pursuit will truly improve the quality of your life, then go for it.
G．The same can be said about other pursuits such as accumulating wealth and status.

（2023春·重庆·高二重庆一中校考期中）First aid is a crucial aspect of healthcare that can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injury or illness. Knowing when to use first aid is essential so that proper measures are taken promptly.____26___
Injuries and Accidents
One of the most common instances where first aid is required is in injuries and accidents.___27___ In such situations, it is essential to provide immediate care to prevent further damage and ensure that the affected individual receives timely medical attention. Some of the initial steps in first aid for injuries include applying pressure to stop bleeding, immobilizing the affected area, and administering pain relief medication.
Cardiac Arrest (心脏停跳)
Another critical situation where first aid can make a difference is during a cardiac arrest. A cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops functioning; immediate intervention is necessary. ____28____ The first step in such a situation is to call emergency services and start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) until professional help arrives. Knowing how to perform CPR can be life-saving in such situations.
Choking and Suffocation (窒息)
Choking and suffocation are emergencies that can occur at any time, and immediate intervention is necessary to prevent further complications. If someone is choking, it is essential to act quickly. _29_ Similarly, if someone is suffocating due to a blocked airway, it is vital to clear the obstruction and ensure that the person’s airway is open.
When to use first aid can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injury or illness.__30__ Call for emergency services, and provide immediate care until professional help arrives. Being prepared and trained in first aid can ensure the safety and well-being of those around us.
A．In any emergency, it is essential to remain calm.
B．This can include cuts, burns, falls, sprains, and other unpleasant injuries.
C．If someone has taken a poisonous substance, calling emergency services.
D．Perform the Heimlich manoeuvre to force out the object causing the obstruction.
E．Bleeding and overdose are medical emergencies that require immediate attention.
F．This blog post will discuss when to use first aid and the importance of early intervention.
G．Blood circulation (血液循环) and oxygen supply to vital organs should be restored immediately.
（2023春·黑龙江双鸭山·高二双鸭山一中校考期中）Apologizing for a mistake might seem difficult, but it will help you repair and improve your relationships with others after that offense (冒犯).
Acknowledge the offense. This is an essential element of a good apology. ___31___Apologies are most likely to be well-received if you show that you recognize who was responsible and who was harmed. For example, saying “I made a mistake” is more effective than saying“mistakes were made”, which fails to clarify responsibility.
___32___In some cases, it’s helpful to explain an offense, especially to explain that it was not intentional and that it will not happen again. But explanations that are long-winded, sound like excuses, or blame the victim (e. g. You were really getting on my nerves.) tend to have an opposite effect.
Express regret.___33___ Expressing these feelings communicates that you r