第21讲-完形填空夹叙夹议文(讲义)(解析版).docx

►第21讲 完形填空夹叙夹议文
（讲义）

【复习目标】
熟悉语篇结构，根据局内层次、句组层次和语篇层次答题。
掌握答题技巧，明确答题步骤
掌握词汇基本用法
通过真题和渗透文化意识、语言意识和思维品质
【考情分析】
夹叙夹议文完形填空的文章一般具有哲理性，往往从一件看似平淡的小事中领悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，可读性较强。
夹叙夹议文“叙议兼顾”，既有记叙文的特点，同时又具有议论文的特点。在结构上，该文体采用“先叙后议”“先议后叙”或“叙议交替”的写作模式，旨在记叙的基础上，通过议论的手段，说明作者的态度、观点、思想和目的。
选材上源于真实生活，平淡叙述中流露人间真情，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养。在词性上仍会以实词为主，其中动词会占半壁江山，虚词几乎不会考查，并且完形填空题注重对文章语境的理解。
选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量。；侧重考查在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，考查词性以实词为主，虚词几乎不考查。
【网络构建】

完形填空夹叙夹议文概述

命题规律：
考点：以实词为主，侧重对动词（短语）、名词和形容词的考查。重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运用次之。每小题给出的单词多为同一类词。所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加强调对语境的考查。
核心考点：逻辑推理，把考查的重点放在理解全文、通篇考虑、掌握大意、注重关联等方面
题型和考查角度：
1.句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，边读边填，多凭预感可知答案，难度较易。
2.句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示，难度一般。
3.语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断，难度较大。
解题策略：
1. 重视首句，把握文章主题。
首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作目的或写作背景，为全面理解文章找到突破口。
2. 分析结构，抓住作者观点态度。
在做题时要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。
3. 利用上下文，关注过渡词，理清逻辑关系。
理清记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
常考逻辑关系有：并列、转折、递进、对比、因果、让步、例证等。
逻辑关系
例词
对立关系：
让步和转折
but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but等。
因果关系

because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, as a result, for this reason等。
并列关系

and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, the same…as等。
递进关系
then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what’s worse, even worse等。
总分关系
such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically等。

【典例】（2023届吉林省东北师大附中、长春一中等5所重点高中联考）I have to admit I’m an old-school reader. Put simply, I   41 old books.
261． A．buy B．love C．recommend D．Hate
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：简单地说，我喜欢旧书。A. buy购买；  B. love热爱； C. recommend 推荐；D. hate痛恨。根据上文“I’m an old-school reader”，及过渡词Put simply可知，作者爱读旧书。故选B。
4. 复读全文验答案：填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很不通顺的地方，可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。
针对高考夹叙夹议性的完形填空题的解题技能要求较高，考试应当具有较强的聚合思维并保持注意力高度集中。在具体的解题中，还需掌握以下解题方法：
知识点 一 利用首句解题

首句通常是文章的主题句，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
（2023年新高考I卷）On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
知识点 二 利用语境暗示解题

上下文或语境具体体现为：全文的中心和主题、作者的态度和评价、上下文的语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，我们常可通过上下文或语境暗示，推导出正确答案。
(2020年全国卷Ⅰ)I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences. I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children.
A．physical B．biological
C．spiritual D．behavioral
【答案】C
【解析】本题可以利用语境暗示解题。根据语境可知，此处指“我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵的(spiritual)伤害”。
故选：C。
知识点 三 利用情感态度解题

在做完形填空时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的基础上，留意能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的词汇。因为这些词汇通常为我们做题的重要参考线索，可帮助我们快速确定某些题目的答案。
(2021年天津高考3月)For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 17.emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead.
A．amazed B．mad
C．curious D．frightened
【答案】B　
【解析】句意：Robbie Pruitt(罗比·普鲁伊特)承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。 amazed “惊讶的”；mad “生气的”；curious “好奇的”；frightened “害怕的”。根据下文“letting go of his anger”可知，发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。
故选：B。
知识点 四 利用生活常识或文化背景解题

完形填空中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗人情等方面的知识，做题时利用这些知识，特别是注意中西方文化差异，巧妙地加以运用将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间。
1.(2020年天津高考)Jones was 21 when she said that she didn't actually 22.mind being cheated.
A．ashamed B．shocked
C．excited D．amused
【答案】B　
【解析】ashamed “羞愧的”；shocked “震惊的”；excited “兴奋的”；amused “逗乐的；觉得好笑的”。根据常识可知，一个人被骗了很多钱，她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以Jones(琼斯)很震惊。
故选：B。
2.Just last year, I was 56.conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman __57__ the interruption and handed me an envelope.
57．A.regretted B．avoided C．excused D．ignored
【答案】C
【解析】 此题可利用生活常识和文化背景解题。作者正在上课，因此根据生活常识，打断作者上课应该请求原谅。
知识点 五 分解长难句，理清句意

遇到完形填空的长难句，可以采用意群兼顾句子成分把句子分割成一个个意群（可以是不定式短语、分词短语、动名词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、名词短语等）、标点符号和连接词将其拆分为较易的简单句，再根据选项和上下文意思解题。长难句详见本专辑第八讲《句子成分+基本句型+句子种类+长难句讲练测》
【典例】Once there, Lenoue was ____49____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
49. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
【答案B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。本句中运用并列句，故assessed和was taken to均为谓语动词，where引导非限制性定语从句。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。

考向一 动词词义辨析
（2023年吉林省东北师大附中、长春一中等5所重点高中联考）Alone in a new city to 42 my first daily newspaper job, I was feeling vaguely anxious as I dipped into a used  bookstore to 43.relieve my  mind.
42．A．stop B．lose C．keep D．take
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我独自一人来到一个陌生的城市，开始了我的第一份日报工作，当我走进一家旧书店来放松心情时，我隐约感到焦虑。A. stop停止； B. lose失去； C. keep保持； D. take从事。根据“my first daily newspaper job”可知，作者独自到新城市开始自己的第一份工作。故选D。
考向二 名词词义辨析
（2023年四川省成都七中高三检测试题）People may misunderstand what they used to be familiar with. I remember a 41 professor, invited to our school, taught stress management principles in a school hall 42. filled with students.
41．A．physics B．chemistry C．literature D．psychology
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得我们学校邀请了一位心理学教授，在一个坐满学生的礼堂里教授压力管理原则。A. physics物理；B. chemistry化学；C. literature文学；D. psychology心理学。根据下文“taught stress management principles”可知，这位教授教压力管理原则，所以应该是心理学教授。故选D。
考向三 形容词词义辨析
（2023年湖北省高三年级5月联考英语试题）Yet the range of factors shaping each generation is much 53
than it once was.
53．A．smaller B．fuller C．shorter D．broader
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，影响每一代人的因素范围比以前广泛得多。A. smaller较小的；B. fuller更丰满的；C. shorter更短的；D. broader更广泛的。根据上文“Yet the range of factors”可知，此处指影响每一代人的因素范围比以前广泛得多。故选D。

考向四 副词词义辨析
（2023年浙江省杭州市高三试题）Their young son was 42.fascinated by the swallow and asked many questions about it. As the family was leaving I asked the boy if he would like a sticker to put on his shirt. He 43 chose a swallow sticker.
A. quickly B.slowly C.deliberately D.casually
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他快速选了一个燕子贴纸。A. quickly快速地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. deliberately故意地；D. casually随意地。根据上文“As the family was leaving”以及“Their young son was fascinated by the swallow(他们的小儿子对燕子着迷)”可知，在这一家人快要离开时他们的小儿子快速地选择了自己着迷的燕子贴纸。故选A。
考向五 介词词义辨析
（2023年浙江省杭州市高三试题）I recently purchased my first laptop computer. In discussions with the 50. salesman , he said, “Within two years, you’ll probably want a new one anyway.” Why would I want a new one, 51 my old one was working? I won’t 　53.need　 need a new laptop in two years.
51． A．if B．for C．but D．Besides
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词和介词词义辨析。句意：如果我的旧设备正常工作，我为什么要一个新的？A. if如果；B. for为了；C. but但是；D. besides除此以外。根据本句前半句“Why would I want a new one”以及下文“I won’t need a new laptop in two years”可知，此处作者想表达的是如果自己的设备正常工作就不需要新的，故选A。

1. （2018年全国I卷）
During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a "free"course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I ____41____the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to ____42____ a few dollars? More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t ____43____enough about free credits, news about our ____44____was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which ____45____ I would be learning from one of the game's ____46____. I could hardly wait to ____47____him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this ____48____was no game for him: he meant business. In his introduction, he made it ____49____that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to _____50_____the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to _____51_____what we would learn in class to our future professions and, _____52_____, to our lives. I managed to get an A in that _____53_____and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the _____54_____.
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he _____55_____me: “The absolute most important _____56_____that you learn when you play chess is how to make good _____57_____. On every single move you have to _____58_____a situation, process what your opponent(对手）is doing and _____59_____the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my _____60_____as a journalist.
41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired
44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor
45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant
46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest
47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat
48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job
49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible
50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe
51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally
53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment
54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation
55 A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised
56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill
57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments
58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control
59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate
60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A 56. D 57. B 58. A 59. D 60. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了作者在大二学的免费课程——下象棋及这门课程对作者生活的深远指导作用。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接受这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。A. put forward提出；B. jumped at急于接受；C. tried out尝试；D. turned down拒绝。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接受这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。A. waste浪费；B. earn赚钱；C. save节省；D. pay付钱。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。A. excited激动的；兴奋的；B. worried担心的；C. moved感动的；D. tired劳累的。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。A. title头衔；题目；B. competitor竞赛者；C. textbook教科书；D. instructor导师。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A. urged督促；B. demanded要求；C. held握住；D. meant意味着。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查词义辨析。句意：这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A. fastest最快的；B. easiest最容易的；C. best最好的；D. rarest最稀少的。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想见到他。A. interview面试；B. meet见面；C. challenge挑战；D. beat击败。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位先前的毕业生回校教书，这项工作对他来说根本不是游戏。A. chance机会；B. qualification合格；C. honor荣誉；D. job工作。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：在他的介绍中，他明确指出这些学分不容易得到。A. real真实的；B. perfect完美的；C. clear清楚的；D. possible可能的。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的东西应用于未来的职业中。A. attend参加；B. pass通过；C. skip跳跃；D. observe遵守。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply把……运用于……
【52题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。A. eventually最终；B. naturally自然地；C. directly直接地；D. normally正常地。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我设法在这个课程中获得了个A。A. game游戏；B. presentation介绍；陈述；C. course课程；D. experiment实验。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活课程。A. criterion标准；B. classroom教室；C. department部门；系；D. situation情况。beyond the classroom课堂之外，故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：和Ashley学了象棋课程之后10年里，我仍在应用他教我的东西。A. taught教；B. wrote写；C. questioned提问；D. promised承诺。故选A。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A. fact事实；B. step步；C. manner方式；D. skill技能。故选D。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A. grades等级；B. decisions决定；C. impressions印象；D. comments评论。故选B。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一步你都必须分析形势，审视对手要做什么。A. analyze分析；B. describe描述；C. rebuild重建；D. control控制。故选A。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从你所有的选择中，评估出最好的一步。A. announce宣布；B. signal发信号；C. block阻塞；D. evaluate评估。故选D。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。A. role角色；B. desire欲望；要求；C. concern涉及，关系到；D. behavior行为。故选A。
2. （2018年北京卷）
The Homeless Hero
For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the ____16__ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith _____17_____ more remarkable.
After spotting a ____18____ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the _____19_____ to return.
After hours in the cold and wet, he _____20_____ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to _____21_____ it contained £400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it.
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after _____22_____ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth £35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were _____23_____ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was _____24_____.
The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his _____25_____.
Mr. Anderson said：＂I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight _____26_____ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and
_____27_____ he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others _____28_____. It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are ____29____ guys out there.＂
Mr. Smith’s act _____30_____ much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson _____31_____ about the act of kindness on Facebook.
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to _____32_____ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown _____33_____ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job _____34_____ and all sorts,＂ Mr. Anderson commented.
For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing _____35_____. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves